Chapter 3 & 4 lecture

Question 1

Anything that binds with a receptor protein in the membrane of a cell is called a?

Answer 1

Ligand

Question 2

Osmosis is?

Answer 2

The NET movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a solution of lower concentration of solutes to a solution of higher concentrations of solutes

Question 3

Water has to pass through a channel protein the membrane called?

Answer 3

Aquapore

Question 4

What are the 3 most important things to consider regarding osmosis?

Answer 4

1. Almost all cells are permeable to water
2. There has to be at LEAST one solution that cannot cross the membrane
3. The membrane must be selectively permeable

Question 5

Osmotic pressue is?

Answer 5

The pressure that develops against the membrane to block the flow of water in a cell

Question 6

What is osmolarity?

Answer 6

Total concentration of solutes in a solution

Question 7

Isosmotic is?

Answer 7

Concentration being equal

Question 8

Hyperosmotic is?

Answer 8

higher concentration of solutes

Question 9

Hyposmotic is?

Answer 9

lower concentration of solutes

Question 10

Water always moves from?

Answer 10

Hypotonic goes to hypertonic

Question 11

If the cell bursts it is called ___________.

If the cell shrinks it is called ___________.

Answer 11

Lysis

Creanation

Question 12

What is the term for moving materials in and out of cells in vesicles?

Answer 12

Vesicular Transport

Question 13

What are the two types of Vesicular transport?

Answer 13

Exocytosis and Endocytosis

Question 14

Endocytosis has 3 sub categories and what do they do?

Answer 14

1. Receptor mediated endocytosis-creates vesicle
2. Phagocytosis-cell eating
3. Pinocytosis-Cell drinking

Question 15

Define Differentiation-

Answer 15

The process in which non-specialized cells, often referred to as stem cells, undergo genetically-guided changes to become more specialized cells.

Question 16

What are the 3 germ layers?

Answer 16

Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm

Question 17

What is hematopoiesis?

Answer 17

Ongoing formation of mature blood cells

Question 18

What are the 4 major types of tissues in the body?

Answer 18

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle tissue, nervous tissue

Question 19

Epithelial tissue is considered a tissue with great cellularity, what does this mean?

Answer 19

It is made of many cells

Question 20

What is apical surface?

Answer 20

free surface

Question 21

What is the basil surface?

Answer 21

Deepest level of cells

Question 22

What is the basil surface attached to?

Answer 22

The basement membrane

Question 23

What is the purpose of the basement membrane?

Answer 23

Adhesion of the epithelial tissue to connective tissue

Question 24

Which tissue is avascular and noninnervated?

Answer 24

Cartilage

Question 25

Are all epithelial tissues avascular?

Answer 25

Yes, ALL epithelial tissues are avascular

Question 26

Endocrine glands release?

Answer 26

hormonal secretions into interstitial fluids, which then move into blood stream ex. thyroid gland and pituitary gland

Question 27

Exocrine glands release?

Answer 27

Secretions into ducts which carry the secretions onto an epithelial surface ex.sweat, tears, saliva and milk

Question 28

Merocrine secretion is the most ____________, and the most typical way this occurs is by _____________.

Answer 28

common | exocytosis

Question 29

Apocrine secretion is when?

Answer 29

part of the cell cytoplasm is released along with secretory product because the secreting cell pinches of a part of itself but is not destroyed.

Question 30

During mendocrine secretion, the cell is not _________?

Answer 30

Damaged

Question 31

In holocrine secretion the cell is ____________.

Answer 31

destroyed

Question 32

What are glands with one duct?

Answer 32

simple tubular gland

Question 33

Glands with branching ducts are called?`

Answer 33

Compound tubular glands

Question 34

If the secreting ends of the tubules end in sac like blind pockets, they are called?

Answer 34

Alveoli or acini

Question 35

Tight junctions are designed for?

Answer 35

Keeping the cells tightly together. | Not strong, stops things from entering

Question 36

Gap junctions are designed for?

Answer 36

Things to pass from one cell to another

Question 37

Desmosomes are the __________ junction. They allow cells to?

Answer 37

Strongest; bend and twist without seperation

Question 38

Why does epithelial tissue need to maintain and repair itself?

Answer 38

It is exposed to toxic chemicals, pathogens, mechanical abrasion Dictates the need for continuous and rapid regeneration (mitotic life cycle) New epithilial cells arise from stem cells located in basil layer

Question 39

What are the functions of connective tissue?

Answer 39

Enclosing and seperating structures, connecting tissues to one another, support and movement, storage of energy and minerals, cushioning and insulation, transporting, protection

Question 40

All connective tissues are made up of?

Answer 40

1. Specialized cells 2. Extracellular matrix A. Protien Fibers (organic component of matrix) B. Ground Substance (inorganic)

Question 41

The matrix often determines the tissues?

Answer 41

specialized function

Question 42

Blasts do what?

Answer 42

make the matrix

Question 43

Cytes do?

Answer 43

maintain the matrix

Question 44

Clasts do?

Answer 44

breakdown the matrix

Question 45

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

Answer 45

Hyaline, Fibrocartilage, and elastic

Question 46

What are the two types of dense connective tissue?

Answer 46

Irregular and regular

Question 47

What are the 3 types of loose connective tissue?

Answer 47

Areolar, Adipose, Reticular

Question 48

What type of cartilage makes up the embryonic skeleton?

Answer 48

Hyaline

Question 49

What are some of the traits fibrocartilage?

Answer 49

Sturdier than hyaline cartilage, looks like fiberglass

Question 50

Which type of cartilage provides ridgidity with even more flexiblity than hyaline cartilage?

Answer 50

Elastic

Question 51

What does mesenchyme mean?

Answer 51

Origin of connective tissue