Chapter 1-4 Test Review Flashcards
What is pathalogical anatomy?
Study of structure to to disease or disorder
What is histology?
Study of tissues
What is homeostasis?
body’s ability to maintain a relatively constant physiological state in the face of constant change, both internal and external
What is an organ?
A group of tissues with a common function
What are the levels of organization in the body?
Organelle, chemical, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
What are the two systems involved in maintaining homeostasis?
Nervous system, Endocrine
Communication->________________–>homeostasis–>good health
receptor or control center
What is the correct path of information through a feedback mechanism?
Receptor, afferent path, control center, efferent path, effector
What are the two general classes of effectors in the body?
muscles or glands
What is CIM-H-CHEM?
Communication, Intergration, Movement, Compartmentalization, Energy flow, Mass Balance
What are the systems of the body?
hint-11
Cardiovascular, skeletal, endocrine, respiratory, reproductive, nervous, muscular, digestive, urinary, lymphatic, integumentary
All health related sciences are founded in some knowledge of ____________ and _________.
Anatomy and physiology
Anatomy is?
investigates structure of the body
Physiology is
deals with the processes or functions of the body
What are the levels of organization in the human body?
chemical, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system
What is homeostasis?
body’s ability to maintain a relatively constant physiological balance in the face of constant internal and external change
Maintaining body temperature near an ideal normal value is called a?
set point
A negative feedback mechanism is?
When the body attempts to negate or reverse the effects of stimulus
Can a positive feedback mechanism ever be beneficial to the human body?
yes in rare instances
Atoms, ions and molecules are related to anatomy how?
the physiological processes are based, in large part on the structures and chemical interactions of them
__________ are the building blocks of matter.
Elements
Atoms cannot
be broken down into smaller, simpler substances through ordinary chemical reactions and still show properties of that element
Define atom
the smallest particle of that element that can display the characteristics of that element and enter into an ordinary chemical reaction
An entire atom is?
electrically neutral
Isotopes of elements are
atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but with different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei
The chemical bonding properties of atoms are determined by the number of electrons in its ______________.
Valence shell
The maximum number in the valence shell is always
8
Which two elements have a maximum of 2 electrons in their valence shells?
hydrogen and helium
When bonds form, energy is _________.
Stored
When bonds break, energy is __________.
released
When molecules of two or more different elements form, they are called
molecular compounds
Molecules of elements are when
two atoms of the same element form together
What creates ions?
when atoms do not share valence electrons but instead give or accept valence electrons
Chemical reactions that build bonds _________ energy.
Chemical reactions that break bonds _________ energy.
Store
release
ADP + ____ & ____=ATP
Phosporylation and energy
Hydrolosis is how ATP releases
P & E
Decomposition reactions are when
reactants are broken down into smaller, less complex products
IE. Catabolic and exergonic
Synthesis reactions are when
Reactants from larger products
IE. Anabolic and endergonic
Synthesis reactions where water is a product are called
dehydration reactions
Why is water so important to life?
Due to its polarity and hydrogen bonding capacity it helps stabilize body temp, high boiling point, universal solvent
Hydrophilic substances are _______.
polar
hydrophobic substances are _______.
Non polar
Why are electrolytes important in the body?
They maintain the homeostasis of various organs like heart and skeletal muscle
How are the values of strong and weak acids measured?
the H+ in a solution in relation to the OH- is the value that tells us acidity or alkalinity
Many salts undergo complete _____________ in an aqueous solution
dissociation
Na+ are essential to what?
nerve impulses
Ca+++ are essential to what?
muscle contraction