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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 7 Lecture > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

To articulate means?

A

To join

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2
Q

What 3 combinations can form a skeletal articulation?

A

Two or more bones
Bones and teeth
Bone and Cartilage

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3
Q

Arthrology is?

A

The study of articulations, also called joints

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4
Q

Kinesiology is?

A

The study of body movement (occurs at joints)

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5
Q

Greater movement=___________ strength

A

Less strength

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6
Q

How are joints typically named?

A

According to the bones or portions of the bones that united at the joint

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7
Q

What are the three functional classifications of for skeletal articulations and what is their degree of movement?

A

Synarthrotic—->Immovable
Amphiarthrotic——>Slighty moveable
Diarthrotic—->Freely moveable

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8
Q

What are the 4 major structural classifications?

A

Fibrous joint
Cartilaginous joint
Synovial joint
Bony fusion

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9
Q

What type of joint is has these three charactersistics?

  • Binding connective tissue is fibers and there is no synovial cavity associated with joint
  • Functionally little or no movement
  • Two examples are sutures in skull and gomphosis
A

Fiberous Joint

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10
Q

What type of joint is has these three charactersistics?

  • Binding tissue is cartilaginous and there is no synovial cavity associated with the joint
  • Functionally little to no movement
  • Example:Public symphysis
A

Cartilaginous joint

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11
Q

What type of joint is has these charactersistics?

  • Presence of synovial cavity is the defining structural characteristic
  • NOT based on a type of connective tissue;note the presence of fibrous and cartilage tissues
A

Synovial joint

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12
Q

What type of joint is has these charactersistics?

-Bone fuses;boundary disappears; metopic suture of frontal bone & epiphyseal line in adults are synostoses

A

Bony fusion

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13
Q

Sutures are?

A

Synarthrotic joints, fiberous; found in skull

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14
Q

Gomphosis are?

A

Synarthrotic joints; Fiberous, found in teeth and jaw bones

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15
Q

Synchondrosis are?

A

Synarthrotic joints, Cartilage, epiphyseal plate

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16
Q

Synostosis are?

A

Synarthrotic joints, Bones fuse, boundary is lost

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17
Q

Syndesmosis are?

A

Amphiarthrotic joints, fiberous; distal tibia and fibula, distal radius and ulna

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18
Q

Symphysis are?

A

Amphiarthrotic joints, Cartilaginous; public symphasis , interveterbral disks

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19
Q

All synovial joints are classified as _________.

A

diarthrotic joints

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20
Q

What are the two layers that surround the joint capsule of a synovial joint?

A

Outer fibrous capsule

Inter cellular layer (areolar)

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21
Q

What are two characteristics of the Outer fibrous layer?

A

Tough, fiberous; dense irregular connective tissue

Structurally continuous with the periosteum of bones

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22
Q

What are two characteristics of the inner cellular layer?

A

produces and secretes synovial fluid into synovial cavity

Lines cavity except for articular surfaces

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23
Q

What are three characteristics of Articular cartilage?

A

Covers articulating surfaces of bone
Typically identified as hyaline cartilage
Slick smooth surface aids in reducing friction if the articulating bones should touch

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24
Q

What are the three primary functions of synovial fluid/joint cavity?

A

Lubrication, Nutrient absorption, shock absorption

25
What are the 5 accessory structures that are associated with synovial joints?
Fibrocartilage pads, Fat pads, Major accessory ligaments, Tendons, Bursa
26
What are Fibrocartilage pads?
Pads between articulating bones in some joint cavities like the knee joint
27
What are three characteristics of Fat Pads?
Masses of adipose tissue covered by synovial membrane Typically, superficial to the joint capsule Main function is to protect the joint
28
What are the two types of major accessory ligaments?
``` Intracapsular ligaments (if ligaments are inside the joint capsule) Extracapsular ligaments ```
29
Tendons do what?
attach skeletal muscle to bone
30
What are two characteristics of bursa?
- Connective tissue pockets filled with synovial fluid and lined with synovial membrane - Typically, lie beneath tendons or ligaments to help reduce friction and help absorb shock
31
1) Greater Mobility=___________ strength | 2) Less Mobility=__________ strength
1) less | 2) greater
32
What does muscle tone refer to?
Partial state of contraction
33
What is a luxation?
Complete dislocation
34
What is a subluxation?
Partial dislocation
35
What is a sprain?
When a ligament is stretched beyond its elasticity
36
Concerning tendons, more tension=more what?
strength
37
Plane joints move how? | Example?
Plane joints have slight movement | Example: Intervertabrael disks
38
Pivot joints move how?
Pivot joints rotate | Example: Axis and Atlas or radius and ulna
39
Hinge Joints move how? | Example?
Hinge joints only move in one plane | Example: Cubital
40
Ball and socket joints move how? | Example?
Ball and socket joints move on multiple axis | Example: Humeral and coxal
41
Elipsoid or Saddle joints move how? | Example?
Elipsoid or saddle joints move on two axis | Example:First carpal (thumb joint)
42
What are the 3 types of possible movement by joints?
Gliding Angular motion Circular movement (rotation)
43
Whatare 3 characteristics of gliding motion? | Example?
Two opposing surfaces gliding past each other Movement may occur in all gliding directions Diarthrotic, but not large range of movement Example:Tarsal bones, carpal bones, sternum/clavical
44
What are the 5 different movements associated with Angular movement?
``` Flexion Extension/Hyperextention Abduction Adduction Circumduction ```
45
Describe two characteristics of flexion?
Decreases angle between articulating bones | Defined in anterior/posterior plane, but may occur in other planes
46
Describe three characteristics of Extension/hypertextension
Increases angle between articulating bones, defined in anterior/posterior plane, but may occur in other planes, hyperextention is past normal anatomical position
47
Describe three characteristics of Abduction?
Defined as movement away from longitudinal axis of the body in a frontal plane. Always refers to movement of appendages Shoulder, wrist, hip joint, wrists, fingers, and toes are examples
48
Describe 3 characteristics of Adduction?
Defined as movement toward the longitudinal axis of body in the frontal plane Always refers to movement of appendages Shoulder joint, Hip joint, fingers, wrists, toes are examples
49
What is the main characteristic of circumduction?
Special type of angular motion the delineates an arc or cone made by an appendage without the appendage rotating Ex. hand moves in a circle but arm does not
50
What is movement that is defined as a bone revolving around its own longitudinal axis?
Circular movement
51
What are inversion and eversion?
When sole of foot moves away/toward the midline Inversion is when leaning on lateral side of sole Eversion is when leaning on medial side of sole
52
What are dorsiflexion/planterflexion?
Dorsiflexion is when resting on heels | Planterflexion is when resting on ball of foot
53
What appendage would come to mind when thinking of opposition and reposition?
Thumb
54
What are protraction and retraction?
Protraction is when jaw is 'pouting' or mandible is pushed forward Retraction is when jaw is retracted in (think underbite)
55
What are elevation/ depression?
Elevation is to move up | Depression is to move down
56
What motion comes to mind when referring to lateral flexion?
Flexing arms
57
What are pronation/supination?
Pronation-palms down | Supnation-Palms up
58
What is excursion?
Teeth back and forth or side to side

Anatomy & Physiology (16 decks)

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