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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 7 Lecture > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

To articulate means?

A

To join

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2
Q

What 3 combinations can form a skeletal articulation?

A

Two or more bones
Bones and teeth
Bone and Cartilage

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3
Q

Arthrology is?

A

The study of articulations, also called joints

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4
Q

Kinesiology is?

A

The study of body movement (occurs at joints)

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5
Q

Greater movement=___________ strength

A

Less strength

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6
Q

How are joints typically named?

A

According to the bones or portions of the bones that united at the joint

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7
Q

What are the three functional classifications of for skeletal articulations and what is their degree of movement?

A

Synarthrotic—->Immovable
Amphiarthrotic——>Slighty moveable
Diarthrotic—->Freely moveable

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8
Q

What are the 4 major structural classifications?

A

Fibrous joint
Cartilaginous joint
Synovial joint
Bony fusion

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9
Q

What type of joint is has these three charactersistics?

  • Binding connective tissue is fibers and there is no synovial cavity associated with joint
  • Functionally little or no movement
  • Two examples are sutures in skull and gomphosis
A

Fiberous Joint

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10
Q

What type of joint is has these three charactersistics?

  • Binding tissue is cartilaginous and there is no synovial cavity associated with the joint
  • Functionally little to no movement
  • Example:Public symphysis
A

Cartilaginous joint

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11
Q

What type of joint is has these charactersistics?

  • Presence of synovial cavity is the defining structural characteristic
  • NOT based on a type of connective tissue;note the presence of fibrous and cartilage tissues
A

Synovial joint

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12
Q

What type of joint is has these charactersistics?

-Bone fuses;boundary disappears; metopic suture of frontal bone & epiphyseal line in adults are synostoses

A

Bony fusion

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13
Q

Sutures are?

A

Synarthrotic joints, fiberous; found in skull

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14
Q

Gomphosis are?

A

Synarthrotic joints; Fiberous, found in teeth and jaw bones

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15
Q

Synchondrosis are?

A

Synarthrotic joints, Cartilage, epiphyseal plate

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16
Q

Synostosis are?

A

Synarthrotic joints, Bones fuse, boundary is lost

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17
Q

Syndesmosis are?

A

Amphiarthrotic joints, fiberous; distal tibia and fibula, distal radius and ulna

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18
Q

Symphysis are?

A

Amphiarthrotic joints, Cartilaginous; public symphasis , interveterbral disks

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19
Q

All synovial joints are classified as _________.

A

diarthrotic joints

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20
Q

What are the two layers that surround the joint capsule of a synovial joint?

A

Outer fibrous capsule

Inter cellular layer (areolar)

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21
Q

What are two characteristics of the Outer fibrous layer?

A

Tough, fiberous; dense irregular connective tissue

Structurally continuous with the periosteum of bones

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22
Q

What are two characteristics of the inner cellular layer?

A

produces and secretes synovial fluid into synovial cavity

Lines cavity except for articular surfaces

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23
Q

What are three characteristics of Articular cartilage?

A

Covers articulating surfaces of bone
Typically identified as hyaline cartilage
Slick smooth surface aids in reducing friction if the articulating bones should touch

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24
Q

What are the three primary functions of synovial fluid/joint cavity?

A

Lubrication, Nutrient absorption, shock absorption

25
Q

What are the 5 accessory structures that are associated with synovial joints?

A

Fibrocartilage pads, Fat pads, Major accessory ligaments, Tendons, Bursa

26
Q

What are Fibrocartilage pads?

A

Pads between articulating bones in some joint cavities like the knee joint

27
Q

What are three characteristics of Fat Pads?

A

Masses of adipose tissue covered by synovial membrane
Typically, superficial to the joint capsule
Main function is to protect the joint

28
Q

What are the two types of major accessory ligaments?

A 
Intracapsular ligaments (if ligaments are inside the joint capsule)
Extracapsular ligaments
29
Q

Tendons do what?

A

attach skeletal muscle to bone

30
Q

What are two characteristics of bursa?

A
  • Connective tissue pockets filled with synovial fluid and lined with synovial membrane
  • Typically, lie beneath tendons or ligaments to help reduce friction and help absorb shock
31
Q

1) Greater Mobility=___________ strength

2) Less Mobility=__________ strength

A

1) less

2) greater

32
Q

What does muscle tone refer to?

A

Partial state of contraction

33
Q

What is a luxation?

A

Complete dislocation

34
Q

What is a subluxation?

A

Partial dislocation

35
Q

What is a sprain?

A

When a ligament is stretched beyond its elasticity

36
Q

Concerning tendons, more tension=more what?

A

strength

37
Q

Plane joints move how?

Example?

A

Plane joints have slight movement

Example: Intervertabrael disks

38
Q

Pivot joints move how?

A

Pivot joints rotate

Example: Axis and Atlas or radius and ulna

39
Q

Hinge Joints move how?

Example?

A

Hinge joints only move in one plane

Example: Cubital

40
Q

Ball and socket joints move how?

Example?

A

Ball and socket joints move on multiple axis

Example: Humeral and coxal

41
Q

Elipsoid or Saddle joints move how?

Example?

A

Elipsoid or saddle joints move on two axis

Example:First carpal (thumb joint)

42
Q

What are the 3 types of possible movement by joints?

A

Gliding
Angular motion
Circular movement (rotation)

43
Q

Whatare 3 characteristics of gliding motion?

Example?

A

Two opposing surfaces gliding past each other
Movement may occur in all gliding directions
Diarthrotic, but not large range of movement
Example:Tarsal bones, carpal bones, sternum/clavical

44
Q

What are the 5 different movements associated with Angular movement?

A 
Flexion
Extension/Hyperextention
Abduction
Adduction
Circumduction
45
Q

Describe two characteristics of flexion?

A

Decreases angle between articulating bones

Defined in anterior/posterior plane, but may occur in other planes

46
Q

Describe three characteristics of Extension/hypertextension

A

Increases angle between articulating bones, defined in anterior/posterior plane, but may occur in other planes, hyperextention is past normal anatomical position

47
Q

Describe three characteristics of Abduction?

A

Defined as movement away from longitudinal axis of the body in a frontal plane.
Always refers to movement of appendages
Shoulder, wrist, hip joint, wrists, fingers, and toes are examples

48
Q

Describe 3 characteristics of Adduction?

A

Defined as movement toward the longitudinal axis of body in the frontal plane
Always refers to movement of appendages
Shoulder joint, Hip joint, fingers, wrists, toes are examples

49
Q

What is the main characteristic of circumduction?

A

Special type of angular motion the delineates an arc or cone made by an appendage without the appendage rotating

Ex. hand moves in a circle but arm does not

50
Q

What is movement that is defined as a bone revolving around its own longitudinal axis?

A

Circular movement

51
Q

What are inversion and eversion?

A

When sole of foot moves away/toward the midline

Inversion is when leaning on lateral side of sole
Eversion is when leaning on medial side of sole

52
Q

What are dorsiflexion/planterflexion?

A

Dorsiflexion is when resting on heels

Planterflexion is when resting on ball of foot

53
Q

What appendage would come to mind when thinking of opposition and reposition?

A

Thumb

54
Q

What are protraction and retraction?

A

Protraction is when jaw is ‘pouting’ or mandible is pushed forward
Retraction is when jaw is retracted in (think underbite)

55
Q

What are elevation/ depression?

A

Elevation is to move up

Depression is to move down

56
Q

What motion comes to mind when referring to lateral flexion?

A

Flexing arms

57
Q

What are pronation/supination?

A

Pronation-palms down

Supnation-Palms up

58
Q

What is excursion?

A

Teeth back and forth or side to side

Anatomy & Physiology (16 decks)

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