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detective test > CHAPTER KEY TERMS - OTHER TERMS 3 > Flashcards

CHAPTER KEY TERMS - OTHER TERMS 3 Flashcards

0
Q

BANK EXAMINER SCHEME

A

A CRIMINAL SCHEME WHEN CON ARTISTS POSE AS FBI AGENTS, BANK EXAMINERS, POLICE OFFICERS, DETECTIVES, OR BANK OFFICIALS. THE VICTIM IS THEN CONTACTED BY THEM PRETENDING TO NEED HELP IN CONDUCTING AN INVESTIGATION.

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1
Q

BALLISTICS

A

THE SCIENCE OF TRACKING THE PATH OF A BULLET

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2
Q

BANK ROBBERY

A

THE UNLAWFUL TAKING OF MONEY OR OTHER ASSETS FROM A BANK THROUGH THE USE OF FACE TO FACE CONTACT BETWEEN THE SUSPECT AND VICTIM

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3
Q

BANK SECRECY ACT

A

A FEDERAL LAW PASSED IN 1970 TO REQUIRE REPORTING OF LARGE SCALE CASE TRANSACTIONS.

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4
Q

BASELINE TECHNIQUE

A

CRIME SCENE MEASURING TECHNIQUE IN CHICH A LINE IS DRAWN BETWEEN TWO KNOWN POINTS.

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5
Q

BATTERED CHILD SYNDROME

A

CHILDREN WHO SUFFER FROM PHYSICAL ABUSE.

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6
Q

BATTERY

A

AN INTENTIONAL NONCONSENSUAL BODILY CONTACT THAT A REASONABLE PERSON WOULD CONSIDER HARMFUL

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7
Q

BERTILLION SYSTEM

A

AN EARLY CRIMINAL IDENTIFICATION OR CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM BASED ON THE IDEA THAT CERTAIN ASPETS OF THE HUMAN BODY, SUCH AS SKELETAL SIZE, EAR SHAPE, AND EYE COLOR, REMAINED THE SAME AFTER A PERSON HAD REACHED FULL PHYSICAL MATURITY. THIS SYSTEM USED A COMBINATION OF PHOTOGRAPHS WITH STANDARDIZED PHYSICAL MEASURENTMEN

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8
Q

BEST EVIDENCE RULE

A

A LEGAL DOCTRINE OF EVIDENCE THAT SAYS THAT NO EVIDENCE WILL BE ADMISSIBLE IN COURT IF IT IS SECONDARY IN NATURE.

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9
Q

BEYOND A REASONABLE DOUBT

10

A

The standard of proof in a criminal case in which the deciders of fact are entirely satisfied that the defendant is guilty as charged.

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10
Q

Bill of rights

A

A constitutional doctrine granting individual freedoms

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11
Q

Binding material

A

Material used to incapacitate a victim during the course of a robbery.

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12
Q

Biohazardous material

A

Substances that pose a threat to the health of living organisms, primarily that of humans. This includes medical waste or samples of a microorganism, virus, or toxin that can impact human health

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13
Q

Bobbies

A

The name of the London metropolitan police department officers. They were named after the departments founder, sir Robert peel

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14
Q

Body packing

A

Associated with a mule or courier who smuggles something with them across a national border, including bringing in to and out of an international plane, especially a small amount, transported for a smuggling organization.

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15
Q

Booby traps

A

Deadly and dangerous devices used to warn the suspect of any intruders by the sound of explosive devices

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16
Q

Bookmaking

A

A type of gambling that usually involves taking bets on sporting events.

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17
Q

Boosters

A

Professional shoplifters who resell stolen merchandise to pawn shops or fences at usually one half to one fourth the original price

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18
Q

Bow street runners

A

A group of English crime fighters formed by Henry fielding during the eighteenth century

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19
Q

Burden of proof

20

A

The duty to establish the validity or factuality of the charge against a person

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20
Q

Burglary

A

A covert crime in which the criminal works during the nighttime, outside the presence of witnesse.

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21
Q

Burglary tools

A

Any instrument designed for unlawfully entering a structure

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22
Q

Burned

A

A term used in undercover operations when an undercover agent is identified by a criminal suspect.

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23
Q

Bootlegging

A

Smuggling or manufacturing untaxed alcohol or cigarettes

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24
Q

Buy bust

A

When an undercover agent makes a purchase of illicit narcotics and the suspect is immediately arrested

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25
Q

Buy walk

A

When an undercover agent makes a purchase of illicit narcotics and the suspect is allowed to leave for the purposes of continuing the investigation.

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26
Q

Data diddling

A

False data to entry

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27
Q

Date rape

A

Rape that occurs when the victim and other offender are acquainted before the crime is committed.

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28
Q

Date rape drug

A

Another term for the drug rohypnol

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29
Q

Daubert standard

30

A

A rule of evidence regarding the admissibility of expert witnesses testimony during the US federal legal process

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30
Q

Deadly force

A

Actions of police officers that result in the killing of a persons

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31
Q

Deception

A

When one intends to dupe others by communicating messages meant to mislead and meant to make the recipients believe what the agent either knows or believes to be untrue

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32
Q

Decomposition

A

The process by which organic substances are broken down into simpler forms of matter

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33
Q

Deductive reasoning

A

The ability to draw conclusions based on critical thinking

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34
Q

Deep cover

A

Working undercover for extended periods of time

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35
Q

Demeanor

A

Ones persona and how one is perceived

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36
Q

Demonstrative evidence

A

Evidence used to clarify an issue rather then to prove something

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37
Q

Detention

A

Something less then an arrest but more than a consensual encounter

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38
Q

Digital imaging

A

Generally referring to photographs taken with a digital camera and stored on digital media

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39
Q

Digital recorder

40

A

An electronic device that can digitally record audio or video

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40
Q

Dissemination

A

The phase of the intelligence process whereby information is shared with other law enforcement agencies

41
Q

Diversion

A

The trafficking of pharmaceutical drugs to the street from Normal, legal channels

42
Q

DNA analysis

A

A scientific process among the newest and most sophisticated of techniques used to test for genetic disorders which involves direct examination of the DNA molecule itself.

43
Q

DNA technology

A

The science of identifying the genetic facsimile, or blueprint of an y particular organism in every cell within each human body.

44
Q

Domestic terrorism

A

The unlawful use, or threatened use of force by a group of individuals based and operating entirely within the United States without foreign direction. committed against persons or property to intimidate or coercea government, the civilian population ,or any segment thereof , in furtherance of social or political objectives.

45
Q

Domestic violence

A

A pattern of abusive behaviors by one partner against another in an intimate relationship such as marriage, dating, family, or cohabitation.

46
Q

Double invoicing

A

A company orders merchandise from a foreign subsidiary at an inflated price

47
Q

Drug addict robber

A

A robber who robs to support his or her drug habit

48
Q

Drug courier profile

A

The practice of observing suspected drug traffickers to develop a pattern of behavior that would constitute legal cause for a stop and search by police

49
Q

Drowning

50

A

A form of death that occurs when liquid enters the breathing passages, preventing air from getting to the lungs

50
Q

Due process

A

The essential elements of fairness under the law, ensuring that no person is deprived of life, liberty, or property without notice of charges, assistance from legal counsel, or a hearing , and a chance to confront ones accusers.

51
Q

Dust print

A

A visible fingerprint

52
Q

Dying declaration

A

A statement given by a dying person that implicates the killer. The legal requirements of a dying declaration are that the victim must be rational and competent and must ultimately die of the wounds.

53
Q

Gambling

A

The wagering of money or other valuables on the outcome of a game or event.

54
Q

Gang

A

A group of people who, through the organization , formation, and establishment of an assemblage, share a common identity.

55
Q

Gang rape

A

When a group of people participate in the rape of a single victim

56
Q

Gangster

A

A slang term for a gang member

57
Q

Geographic profiling

A

A criminal investigative methodology that analyzes the locations of a connected series of crimes to determine the most probable area of offender residence

58
Q

Global navigation satellite system

A

A system of satellites that provides autonomous geo-spatial positioning with global coverage. It allows small electronic receives to determine their location to within a few meters using time signals transmitted along a line of sight by radio from satellites.

59
Q

Good faith exception.

60

A

A legal doctrine providing an exception to the exclusionary rule

60
Q

Gunshot residue (GSR)

A

Burnt and unburnt particles from the explosive primer, the propellant, as well as the components from the bullet, the cartridge case, and the firearm used.

61
Q

Jacob wetterling crimes against children and sexually violent offender registration act.

A

A U. S. Law that requires states to implement a sex offender and crimes against children registry. It was enacted as part of the federal violent crime control and law enforcement act of 1994

62
Q

Jailhouse snitch

A

A criminal informant who is incarcerated and willing to provide information to police in change for favors.

63
Q

Joyriding

A

When a juvenile auto thief steals a car for enjoyment for short periods of time.

64
Q

NATB

A

The national auto theft crime bureau

65
Q

National insurance crime burea

A

A not for profit insurance organization committed to combating vehicle theft and insurance fraud

66
Q

Natural death

A

A death that is primarily attributed to natural agents. Usually an illness or an internal malfunction of the body.

67
Q

NCAVC

A

National center for analysis of violent crime

68
Q

NCIC

A

National crime information center.

69
Q

NCMEC

70

A

National center for missing and exploited children

70
Q

Neglect

A

A passive form of abuse in which a perpetrator is responsible to provide effective care for a victim who is unable to care for himself or herself, but fails to provide adequate care.

71
Q

Neighborhood canvass

A

A door to door search of a the area of a crime to identify witnesses

72
Q

Neighborhood gang

A

A criminal gang that claims a particular geographical area or neighborhood.

73
Q

Neighborhood watch

A

A program whereby merchants and residents are encouraged to take a more proactive role in detecting and reporting activity that might be criminal in nature

74
Q

NON accusatory

A

An interview in which the subject being interviewed is not addressed as the accuser

75
Q

Noncustodial parent

A

A parent who does not have legal custody of his child

76
Q

Non family abduction

A

When a child is removed from his family through force or trickery.

77
Q

Major case squads

A

Multi jurisdictional or metro crime investigative teams, drawing from the most talented investigative personnel from all jurisdictions.

78
Q

Manslaughter

A

The deliberate killing of another person, characterized by either voluntary or involuntary classifications

79
Q

Markers

80

A

Items placed in crime scene photos that call attention to specific objects or enable the viewer of the photo to get a sense of the size of the object or the distance between objects.

80
Q

Mara salvatrucha

A

A relatively new violent Salvadoran gang that continues to spread despite law enforcement efforts, also known as MS 13

81
Q

Mass murder

A

The commission of four or more murders in a single incident within a short span of time

82
Q

Maximization

A

The exaggeration of evidence available, telling the person that the interrogator knows he or she is guilty or stressing the consequences of the crime

83
Q

Megan’s law

A

An informal name for laws in the united states requiring law enforcement authorities to make information available to the public regarding registered sex offenders, which was created in response to the murder of Megan Kanka

84
Q

Medical examiner

A

Public official who makes official determinations of the cause and time of death in wrongful death cases

85
Q

Merchandis robbery

A

A robbery that involves the forcible taking of goods from a store

86
Q

Method or operation MO

A

The behavior of the criminal during the commission of a crime.

87
Q

Micro tremors

A

Tiny frequency modulation a in the human voice

88
Q

Minimization

A

A term used when law enforcement is required to limit their monitoring of criminal suspects.

89
Q

Miranda warning

90

A

The legal guidelines to protect the rights of the accused were defined further by the Supreme Court in such cases as Miranda

90
Q

Misdemeanor

A

A less serious crime than a felony, usually punishable by less then one year in the county jail, a fine, or both.

91
Q

Missing children act of 1982

A

Legislation that allowed the entry of missing children into the national crime information center (NCIC) even though the noncustodial parent would not be charged with a crime.

92
Q

Missing children’s assistance act.

A

Legislation that create a national clearinghouse for missing children and authorizing research to determine the extent of the problem within this country.

93
Q

Mobile surveillance

A

Observing a criminal suspect from a moving vehicle

94
Q

Motion

A

A written request or an oral request made to the court anytime before, during , or after court proceedings

95
Q

Motivation

A

Reasons why someone does something

96
Q

Mugging

A

A strong Arm robbery

97
Q

Multilateration

A

A navigation technique based on the measurement of the difference in distance or two or more stations at know locations that broadcast signals at known times.

98
Q

Murder

A

The purposeful , premeditated, and unlawful taking of human life by another person

99
Q

Mutual assault

100

A

When both people involved in an altercation committed assault

detective test (121 decks)

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