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book 3 Flashcards

0
Q

What are the benefits of taking crime scene photographs. 3

A
  1. Provide easy storage and retrieval of data on the crime scene.
  2. Remove many inferences by practically placing the judge and jury at the crime scene.
  3. Gives the investigator a source of reference as to the location of evidence at the scene.
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1
Q

The 5 steps in writing a report.

A
  1. Collect informs on the crime scene , informants , and witnesses.
  2. Take complete notes.
  3. Organize the information.
  4. Prepare the report.
  5. Proofread and evaluate the report
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2
Q

What are the disadvantages of crime scene photographs. 3.

A
  1. Do not show true actual distances.

2 can distort and color perceptions.

  1. Can be ruined by mechanical errors in processing
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3
Q

What are the 9 elements of a report.

A
  1. Who the officer was met by at the crime scene.
  2. What the officer found.
  3. What the officer did at the scene.
  4. Description of injuries to victim or suspect.
  5. Type of weapon used
    6 description of evidence.
  6. Names and identifiers of suspects arrested.
  7. Name of witnesses.
  8. Copies of written statements given by witnesses.
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4
Q

2 reasons why report writing is important.

3 reasons officers are in need to record accurate notes.

A
  1. Qualifications for promotion.
  2. Ability to present a thorough investigation and understandable case to a prosecuted
  3. To record conversations.
  4. To record events.
  5. To record observations.
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5
Q
  1. When should information be written down.
  2. Why.
  3. What must notes at a crime scene adequately reflect.
A
  1. As it is learned.
  2. Because info will get confused or forgotten.
  3. It may be difficult or impossible to re locate witnesses or victims fir a second interview.
  4. They must adequately reflect the condition and state of the location at the time of the crime scene search.
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6
Q

When does the investigative process begin.

When does the note taking process begin.

What are the specifics to write down at a crime scene.

What 6 certain specifics should be included in the note taking process

A
  1. As soon as an officer gets the call to a scene of a crime.
  2. The same time.
  3. Who what where when how and why.
  4. Date, time , and locations.
  5. Description of victim.
  6. Overall description of the crime scene.
  7. Notes on photos taken on the scene.
  8. Type and location of each piece of evidence.
  9. Absence of items.
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7
Q

What type of notes should officers be careful to never use.

Why.

What makes note taking convenient

What is a disadvantage.

A
  1. Never use short hand.
  2. It makes it difficult for others to interpret.
  3. A tape recorder
  4. Allows more detailed memos to be taken.
  5. The difficulty to redirect in on short notice.
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8
Q
  1. Is it acceptable for a person who didn’t prepare the notes to testify about their reliability.
  2. When can this be done.
A
  1. Yes.

2. If that person was present at the time they were written

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9
Q

What case deals with the BEST EVIDENCE RULE and that original notes must be provided whenever provided.

A

CHEADLE vs BARWELL

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10
Q

What case deals with original notes being ache type from which other documents are copied or duplicated.

A

ARENSON vs. JACKSON.

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11
Q

What is the three pronged rule of thumb to remember when taking official notes. They should be

A

Factual
Thorough.
And to the point.

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12
Q

The investigators notes should be based on what

If the information is verified the officer should put what in front of it

If the information cannot be verified. What should be put

What language should officers use in the report.

A
  1. Facts.
  2. Validated.
  3. Alleged.

Simple snd every day language.

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13
Q

The face sheet/ initial page - the complainant depicts and ……….summary.

Which usually includes.

A

At a glance.

Includes :  
1. Type of crime. 
2. Date. 
3. Case number. 
4. Officers name. 
5. Suspects info. 
6. Victims Ito. 
7. Witness info. 
8. Synopsis of the crime. No longer then a paragraph. 
9 details of the crime. 
10. Attachments.
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14
Q

Both what are necessary at a crime scene.

A

Photos and sketches.

Because photos may distort distance , color , and so on

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15
Q
  1. How many stages are crime scene photos taken in.

2. What are the stages of crime scene photos.

A
  1. Three stages.
  2. The general view.
  3. The medium range view.
  4. The close up view.
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16
Q
  1. What is the GENERAL photograph

2. How should those photos be taken and why.

A
  1. Is a sweeping view of the crime scene

2. At a distance to reveal the natural surrounds of the location.

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17
Q
  1. What is the purpose of MEDIUM RANGE photos of the crime scene
  2. At what distance should medium range photos be taken.
  3. What is the medium ranges purpose.
  4. What kind of lenses should be used
A
  1. To allow jurors to link each print with the general crime scene.
  2. At a distance no greater them 20 feet away from the subject or item being photo.
  3. To depict specific items or objects in the scene.
  4. Wide angle lenses for a panoramic view.
18
Q
  1. What is the purpose of the CLOSE UP phase.
  2. At what distance should close up photos be taken.

What should the close up photos include some of.

A
  1. To focus on small segments of a larger surface or on specific objects on the scene
  2. A distance less then 5 feet.
  3. Some items from the medium range photos to link the objects.
19
Q
  1. When can items in a crime scene be examined adequately

2. How do you depict the area of a crime scene when photographing.

A
  1. Only after they are photographed from every angle.

2. By overlapping photos from one scene to the next and working in one direction around the room

20
Q
  1. When photographing a body at a crime scene how many photos should be taken and at what angle.
  2. How should the camera be placed for these photos.
A
  1. At least two photos of the body should be taken. At 90 degree angles to each other
  2. As high as possible pointing downward toward the body.
21
Q

What 5 should the investigator consider when photograph a body at a crime scene

A
  1. approach to and from the scene.
  2. Surrounding areas.
  3. Close up of the exit and entrance.
  4. A general scenario shot showing the location of the body and its position in relation to the room or area in whichever was found.
  5. At least 2 photos of the body.
22
Q

When photographing a crime scene how should u photo an item that is less them 6 inches.

Why.

A
  1. First photo should be at close range.
  2. Second photo should be from at least 6 feet away.
  3. It shows perspective.
23
Q
  1. What are MATERIALITY photos
  2. What are the two categories of material photos.

What does each mean

A
  1. They must be material and relevant to the case and serve a purpose.
  2. Material photo.
  3. Relevant

Material photo makes a contribution to the specific case in question

Is used to support testimony.

24
Q

What are prejudicial photos.

A

Photos that appear prejudice it appear unfairly to the jury.

25
Q

What are the three types of distorted photos.

A
  1. Incorrect point of view.
  2. Perspective.
  3. Misrepresentation of tone or color.
26
Q

What are the three types of photograph category when determining admissibility of photo evidence

A
  1. Material photos.
  2. Prejudicial photos.
  3. Distorted photos.
27
Q

For identification of crime scene photos. How are they logged.

What else is included

A
  1. According to date , time , and sequence number.
  2. Type of case
  3. Description of subject in photo.
  4. Location.
  5. Names or persons handling evidence.
  6. Assigned case number.
  7. Any other info
28
Q

What is Locards exchange principle.

A

The theory of evidence transfer.

29
Q

What are the 4 search patterns for searching a crime scene

A
  1. Spiral search method.
  2. Grid method.
  3. Strip or like search.
  4. Quadrant or search zone
30
Q

What type of search is best for INDOOR SEARCHES

A

The quadrant or Zone search method

31
Q

What type of search is best for OUTDOOR SEARCHES

A

The grid search method.

32
Q

What is a quadrant or zone search.

A

Two officers are used.

Divide the room in half and have each person search half the room. After done switch halves

33
Q

What is a grid search

A

For outdoor searches.

Rope off the scene into a grid.
Each square about 6 square feet is a specific area

34
Q

What are the 3 methods used for sketching s crime scene

A
  1. The coordinate method.
  2. The triangulation method.
  3. The cross projection method.
35
Q

What is the coordinate method for sketching a scene.

What technique does the coordinate method use.

A
  1. Sketching by measuring an object from two fixed points of reference.
  2. The baseline technique.
36
Q

What is the baseline technique.

A
  1. A line is drawn between two known points, usually a wall or mathematically derived point along a designated area.

A line is drawn from left to right along the baseline to a point at right angles to the object.

37
Q
  1. What is the TRIANGULATION METHOD for sketching
  2. How many points of reference are required
  3. How is the item located
  4. What scene is the triangulation method best used for
A

Is a birds eye view of the scene that uses fixed objects from which to measure.

  1. Two or more points of reference are required
  2. By measuring a straight line from the reference points
  3. Outdoor scenes
38
Q
  1. What is the cross projection method for sketching a crime scene
  2. What is this sketch used for finding
  3. How is this sketch drawn
  4. What crime scenes is the cross projection method best used for
A
  1. A top down view of the crime scene. Where all the walls of the room folded down to reveal locations on the wall
  2. Bullet holes , blood spatter , Etc.
  3. They are made from a point drawn on the floor to the area on the wall.
  4. Best used for indoor crime scenes
39
Q

A documentation of who handled evidence in a criminal case is known as

A

Chain of custody.

40
Q

An interview technique used to document names , addresses , and other pertinent into when something appears suspicious but there is not sufficient evidence to arrest is known as

A

Field interview

41
Q

An investigators most personal and readily available record of the crime scene is know as

A

Field notes

42
Q

Rulers , tape , coins, and so on used to identify objects in a photo are known as

43
Q

A sketch drawn at s crime scene that is not drawn to scale but does depict accurate dimensions and distances between objects of importance is known as

A

Rough sketch

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