Book 1 Flashcards
A system based on the idea that certain aspects of the human bossy remain the same after maturity
What are those aspects
Who invented it
The Bertillon System.
- Skeletal size.
- Ear shaping.
- Eye color.
Alphonse Bertillon
The science of tracking the path of a bullet
Ballistics
- What was England’s first PAID full time police force called.
- How many uniformed officers did they have.
- When were they established and by whom.
- What was their actual department name.
- Who did they replace
- BOBBIES.
- 1,000.
- By Sir Robert Peel.
- The London metropolitan police Dept.
- The ild constables and the Bow Street Runners.
- What was the FIRST known investigative body in England called.
- Who did they consist of and what were their duties.
- What was their function and who did they consist of.
- How were they paid.
- What were they originally called.
- The Bow Street Runners.
- Consisted of appointed parish constables acclimated to night watchman duties.
- To perform criminal investigations by using their ties with Londons criminal underworld. Consisted of thief takers.
- Not paid as officers. But got paid by getting a percentage of fines resulting from successful prosecution of thrives. “ thief taker rewards “
- Mr fieldings people
- The ability to draw conclusions based on critical thinking. Based on specific pieces of evidence to establish proof that a suspect is guilty of an offense
- Example
- Deductive reasoning.
2. Identifying muddy footprints outside the window of a burglary. R they the burglars or the owners.
- Reasoning that’s takes us beyond what we know to conclusions about what we don’t know.
- Example.
- Inductive reasoning.
- This ice is cold …….therefore all ice is cold.
All of John Wayne gacys victims found to date were male ……..therefore gacy did not kill females
Ability to identify teeth and bite marks
Forensic Dentistry.
Investigative personal from all jurisdictions were called
Major case squads.
- What is the response when when the Prevention of crime is through deterrence.
- How is it achieved
- Preventive response.
2. Achieved by arresting the criminal by aggressive prosecution
- What is the response when The investigation is conducted before the crime is committed and the suspect is identified and arrested before he commits the crime
Proactive response.
- What was the prohibition act called.
- What did it prohibit.
- What DIDNT THE ACT PROHIBIT.
- The Volstead act.
- The act prohibited only the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol.
- IT DID NOT PROHIBIT the purchase or consumption.
The response of addressing crimes that have already occurred.
Reactive response.
What are the 3 different responses for modes of criminal investigation.
- Preventive response.
- Proactive response.
- Reactive response.
A compilation of descriptions , methods of operations , hiding places , and names of associates is known as what
Rogues gallery
What is the the headquarters of Londons metropolitan police and where the first criminal investigative body originally formed at.
Scotland Yard
- What is the scientific analysis of blood called
2. What blood does it distinguish
- Serology.
2. Distinguishes between human blood stains and blood from most other animals
What were recruits from riff raff off the streets to aid law enforcement officials in locating criminals. Known as
Thief catchers
What are the two classes of thief catchers.
- Hirelings.
2. Social climbers.
What are HIRELINGS.
Motives were mercenary in nature
What are SOCIAL CLIMBERS
Would implicate their accomplices in order to move up the social ladder
These 4 recommendations were came from what study.
- Coordinate police investigations more closely with prosecutors.
- Expand the investigative role of patrol officers. ( greater police responsibilities in conducting preliminary investigations ).
- Provide additional resources to process, organize , and search for latent prints. ( increase forensic resources for patent prints and to effectively organize and search for them )
- Distinguish between cases which can be handled clerk ally and those that require specially trained investigators
THE RAND STUDY.
What are the 4 recommendations from the RAND STUDY.
- Coordinate police investigations more closely with prosecutors.
- Expand the investigative role of patrol officers. ( greater police responsibilities in conducting preliminary investigations ).
- Provide additional resources to process, organize , and search for latent prints. ( increase forensic resources for patent prints and to effectively organize and search for them )
- Distinguish between cases which can be handled clerk ally and those that require specially trained investigators
Where were the first professional police forces established in America.
What year did all other cities have police depts by
Boston , New York, and Philadelphia
1870’s
What 3 significant elements emerged that had an impact on criminal investigation.
- Municipal police were supplemented by county sheriffs in rural areas.
- Establishment of the Texas Rangers.
- Expansion of police functions with the establishment of the US marshals,
- What was the FIRST organization of its type in the US.
- Who founded it.
- Who adopted its structure.
- PINKERTONS NATIONAL DETECTIVE AGENCY.
- Allan Pinkerton 1850.
- The FBI.
What was the most significant development in criminal investigation in the US.
The creation of the FBI. 1924.
What organization includes specific areas of expertise in pathology , biology , toxicology, criminalistics , questioned documents , forensic odontology, and anthropology.
The American academy of forensic sciences.
What was the goal of the Rand study.
- To determine how police investigations were organized and managed.
- To assess various activities as they relate to the effectiveness of overall police functions.
What crimes were the focus of the rand study.
- Murder.
- Robbery.
- Rape.
- Serious crimes.
What did the rand study analyze.
What was used to determine the outcome of investigations.
By whom.
Used case samples to determine how specific cases were solved
UCRs.
The FBI.
- What was the PERF study.
2. Who did the PERF STUDY consider the roles of and in what crimes
- A police executive research forum.
2. Considered the roles played by detectives and patrol officers in the crimes of burglary and robbery investigations
- What did the PERF study conclude
- That detectives and officers contributed equally to the resolution of burglary and robbery cases
- That they were too reliant ok victim Info for identification purposes as opposed to checking leads.
- Showed there wasn’t as much waste and mismanagement in investigations as earlier thought.
- The value of follow up investigations was thought to be greater.
What 4 things did the PERF study recommend
- Greater emphasis be placed on the collection and use of physical evidence.
- Police dept to develop policies and guidelines regulating the use of evidence techs in routine cases such as burglary and robbery Where there is no physical injury to victim.
- Patrol officers to dedicate greater effort to locating witnesses thru the use of neighborhood canvas
- Patrol off offs make more extensive use of department records and informants to develop and identify suspects
What study concluded the following 4 statements
- That detectives and officers contributed equally to the resolution of burglary and robbery cases
- That they were too reliant on victim Info for identification purposes as opposed to checking leads.
- Showed there wasn’t as much waste and mismanagement in investigations as earlier thought.
- The value of follow up investigations was thought to be greater.
The PERF study.
What are the 6 objectives of criminal investigations
- Deter crime.
- Locate and identify suspects in crime.
- Locate, document , and preserve evidence.
- Arrest suspects
- Recover stolen property.
- Prepare sound criminal cases for prosecutions
3 various resources the investigator should use.
- Witnesses , informants , and firsthand knowledge.
- Technological advances in evidence collection and preservation.
- Their own training experience.
4 types of investigation a criminal investigator will confront in their rebuilt duties.
- Personal background.
- Suspected violations of civil law.
- Infractions of civil law.
- Vice.
What unit will provide support services in the form of crime processing , fingerprint ID, and forensic photography.
The crime scene unit
The following are traits of who.
- Motivation.
- Intuition.
- Stability.
- Teamwork.
- Intelligence.
- Street knowledge.
- Judgement.
- Persistence.
- Reliability.
- Integrity.
- Dedication.
Traits of an investigator
4 Tasks performed by a detective.
What are in the departments computer and manual files
- Rapid arrival.
- Searching the area.
- Identifying, collect, and preserve evidence.
- Be familiar with the departments computer and manual records.
- Mug shots
- Fingerprints.
- Intelligence.
- Stolen property files.
