CHAPTER KEY TERMS - OTHER TERMS Flashcards
0
Q
ABDUCTION
A
THE PROCESS OF PROPOSING A LIKELY EXPLANATION FOR AN EVENT THAT MUST BE TESTED.
1
Q
ABSOLUTE JUDGEMENT
A
WHEN EYEWITNESSES COMPARE EACH PHOTOGRAPH OR PERSON IN A LINEYP ONLY WITH THEIR MEMORY OF WHAT THE OFFENDER LOOKED LIKE.
2
Q
AQCUAINTANCE STALKING
A
WHEN A STALKER AND VICTIM KNOW EACH OTHER CAUSLLY
3
Q
ACCELERANT
A
ANY SUBSTANCE THAT CAN BOND OR MIX TO INCREASE THE SPEED OF THE PROCESS. USED IN ARSON
4
Q
ACUTE MALTREATMENT
A
WHEN A CHILDS DEATH IS DIRECTLY RELATED TO INJURIES SUFFERED AS A RESULT OF A SPECIFIC INCIDENT OR ABUSE OR ACT OF NEGLIGENCE
5
Q
ADMISSION
A
A SELF INCRIMINATING STATEMENT MADE BY A SUSPECT THAT FALLS SHORT OF AN ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF GUILT
6
Q
ACCIDENTAL DEATH
A
DEATH OF A PERSON THAT IS UNINTENTIONAL.\
7
Q
ACCUSATORY
A
TO ASSERT ONES INVOLVEMENT OR ROLE IN AN EVENT
8
Q
ACQUAINTANCE MOLESTATION
A
THE SEXUAL ABUSE OF CHILDREN BY PERSONS KNOWN TO THEM
9
Q
ACUTE NEGLECT
A
TERM COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH CHILD ABUSE WHEN A PERPETRATOR IS RESPONSIBLE TO PROVIDE CARE FOR A VICTIM WHO IS UNABLE TO CARE FOR HIMSELF , BUT FAILS TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE CARE.
10
Q
ADMISSION
A
A SELF INCRIMINATING STATEMENT MADE BY A SUSPECT THAT FALLS SHORT OF AN ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF GUILT
11
Q
AFIS SYSTEM
A
THE AUTOMATED FINGERPRINT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM
12
Q
AGGRAVATED ARSON
A
THE DELIBERATE BURNING OF PROPERTY WHILE CREATING AN IMMINENT DANGER TO HUMAN LIFE OR RISKING GREAT BODILY HARM
13
Q
AGGRAVATED ASSAULT
A
A PERSONAL CRIME ASSOCIATED WITH A HIGH PROBABILITY OF DEATH, SERIOUS PERMANENT DISFIGUREMENT, PERMANENT OR PROTRACTED LOSS OR IMPAIRMENT OF THE FUNCTION OF ANY BODY MEMBER OR ORGAN, OR OTHER SEVERE BODILY HARM
14
Q
ALCOHOLIC ROBBER
A
A CRIMINAL ROBBER WHOSE JUDGEMENT IS IMPAIRED BY THE CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL
15
Q
ALLIGATORING
A
THE PATTERN OF CREVICES FORMED BY THE BURNING OF A WODDEN STRUCTURE
16
Q
AMBER ALERT
A
A SYSTEM THAT QUICKLY POSTS INFORMATION ABOUT CHILD ABDUCTIONS
17
Q
AMINO BLACK PROTEIN
A
A LIQUID SUBSTANCE USED IN TO STAIN FOR TOTAL PROTEIN ON TRANSFERRED MEMBRANE BLOTS. IT IS TYPICALLY USED IN CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS TO DETECT BLOOD PRESENT WITH LATENT FINGERPRINTS.
18
Q
ANALYSIS
A
A SCIENTIFIC EXAMINATION.
19
Q
ANGER RAPIST
A
GENERAL CATEGORY INCLUDING THE ANGER RETALIATORY RAPIST AND THE ANGER EXCITATION RAPIST
20
Q
ANTICIPATORY SEARCH WARRANT
A
A SEARCH WARRANT ISSUED BEFORE THE EVIDENCE IS ACTUALLY KNOWN TO EXIST BUT IS ANTICIPATED TO EXIST.
21
Q
ARREST
A
THE ACT OF A POLICE OFFICER TAKING A PERSON INTO CUSTODY AFTER MAKING A DETERMINATION THAT HE HAS VIOLATED A CRIME
22
Q
ARSON
A
THE MALICIOUS OR FRAUDULENT BURNING OF PROPERTY
23
Q
ASSAULT
A
TO INTENTIONALLY PUT SOMEONE IN FEAR OF IMMEDIATE BATTERY OR TO THREATEN SOMEONE WHILE HAVING THE APPARENT ABILITY TO CARRY OUT THAT THREAT
24
ASSET FORFEITURE
CONFISCATION OF ASSETS WHICH ARE EITHER ALLEGED PROCEEDS OF A CRIME OR ALLEGED INSTRUMENTALITIES OF CRIME
25
1. ASSOCIATIVE EVIDENCE
EVIDENCE THAT LINKS A SUSPECT WITH A CRIME
26
ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE
INFORMATION AND DATA OF INVESTIGATIVE VALUE THAT IS STORED IN OR TRANSMITTED BY AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE
27
ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE
THE MONITORING OF THE BEHAVIOR, ACTIVITIES, OR OTHER CHANGING INFORMATION, USUALLY OF PEOPLE FOR THE PURPOSE OF INFLUENCING, MANAGING, DIRECTING, OR PROTECTING.
28
ELEMENTS OF A CRIME
THE LEGAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A CRIME
29
ELIMINATION SAMPLES
EVIDENCE USED TO ELIMINATE PERSONS AS SUSPECTS
30
ENTRAPMENT
WHEN AN UNDERCOVER OFFICER CONVINCES A CRIMINAL SUSPECT TO COMMIT A CRIME HE OR SHE WAS NOT PREDISPOSED TO COMMIT
31
EVENT FLOW ANALYSIS
A PROCESS WHEREBY EVENTS ARE DOCUMENTED, THEY ARE CONNECTED BY ARROWS TO INDICATE THE DIRECTION OF THE SEQUENCE
32
EVIDENCE
A STATEMENT , OBJECT, OR OTHER ITEM BEARING ON OR ESTABLISHING THE POINT IN QUESTION IN A COURT OF LAW.
33
EXEMPLARS
SAMPLES OF A SUSPECTS HANDWRITING
34
EXIGENT CIRCUMSTANCES
CIRCUMSTANCES WHEREBY A SEARCH MAY BE LEGALLY CONDUCTED WITHOUT A WARRANT
35
EXPERT SYSTEMS
A PROCESS OF USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGQNCE BY COMPUTERS TO MAKE INFERENCES BASED ON AVAILABLE INFO AND TO DRAW CONCLUSIONS OR MAKE RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE SYSTEMS OPERATOR
36
EXPERT WITNESS
A WITNESS WHOSE KNOWLEDGE EXCEEDS THE KNOWLEDGE OF ANYONE WITH A MODERATE EDUCATION OR EXPERIENCE IN THE FIELD
37
EXPLOITATION
COMMONLY USED IN CONTEXT WITH SEXUAL EXPLOITATION, WHICH IS THE USE OF SEXUAL MATERIAL THAT FOCUSSES ON A PARTICULAR PERSON WHO IS AN UNWILLING CONTRIBUTER.
38
HARDWARE
THE PHYSICAL. COMPUTER AND ANY PERIPHERALS SSOCIATED WITH IT, SUCH AS PRINTERS, ETC
39
HAWALA
AN INFORMAL VALUE TRANSFER SYSTEM BASED ON THE PERFORMANCE AND HONOR OF A HUGE NETWORK OF MONEY BROKERS, WHICH ARE PRIMARILY LOCATED IN THE MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA, THE HORN OF AFTICA, AND SOUTH ASIA
40
WILLIAM HERSCHEL
PIONEER IN THE MID NINETEENTH CENTURY IN THE USE OF FINGERPRINTS FOR PURPOSES OF IDENTIFICATION
41
HOLDUP
THE CRIME OF TAKING OR ATTEMPTING TO TAKE SOMETHING OF VALUE BY FORCE OR THREAT OF FORCE OR BY PUTTING THE VICTIM IN FEAR.
42
HOME INVASION
THE ACT OF ILLEGALLY ENTERING A PRIVATE AND OCCUPIED DWELLING WITH VIOLENT INTENT FOR THE PURPOSES OF COMMITTING A CRIME AGAINST THE OCCUPANTS SUCH AS ROBBERY, ASSAULT, RAPE, MURDER, OR KIDNAPPING
43
HOMICIDE
THE UNLAWFUL KILLING OF ONE HUMAN BEING BY ANOTHER
44
HOMICIDE INVESTIGATION TRACKING SYSTEM
A SYSTEM DEVELOPED OUT OF A RESEARCH PROJECT FUNDED BY THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF JUSTICE INITIALLY DESIGNED TO RECORD INFORMATION ON HOMICIDES IN WASHINGTON STATE
45
HOT LIST
A CANCELLATION BULLETIN FOR STOLEN CREDIT CARDS
46
HYBRID GANGS
CRIMINAL GANGS WHOSE MEMBERS COMPOSITION IS THAT OF MORE THEN ONE RACIAL OR ETHNIC GROUP
47
CSI EFFECT
ANY OF SEVERAL WAYS IN CHICH THE EXAGGERATED PORTRAYAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCE ON A CRIME TELEVISION SHOWS SUCH AS CSI INFLUENCES THE PUBLIC PERCEPTION
48
CARJACKING
WHEN AN ARMED ROBBER FORCES THE DRIVER OF AN AUTOMOBILE OUT OF THE VEHICLE BEFORE STEALING IT
49
CARNAL KNOWLEDGE
A SPECIFIC SEX ACT SUCH AS CONTACT BETWEEN A PENIS AND A VAGINA, SOME LAWS ELABRATING ON THIS TO INCLUDE EVEN SLIGHT PENILE PENETRATION OF FEMALE SEX ORGANS. THE TERM SOMETIMES INCLUDES A SET OF SEX ACTS THAT INCLUDE SODOMY AND OR ORAL SEX, WHILE SOME STATUTES SPECIFICALLY EXCLUDE SUCH ACTS
50
CASE LINKAGE
ALSO CALLED LINKING ANALYSIS. REFERS TO THE PROCESS OF DETERMINING WHETHER OR NOT THERE ARE DISCRETE CONNECTIONS BETWEEN TWO OR MORE PREVIOUSLY UNRELATED CASES THROUGH CRIME SCENE ANALYSIS
51
CHAIN OF CUSTODY
DOCUMENTATION OF ALL WHO HANDLE EVIDENCE IN A CRIMINAL CASE
52
CHECK KITING
DRAWING CASH ON ACCOUNTS MADE UP OF UNCOLLECTED FUNDS
53
CHILD ABDUCTION
THE UNAUTHORIZED REMOVAL OF A MINOR FROM THE CUSTODY OF THE CHILDS NATURAL PARENTS OR LEGALLY APPOINTED GUARDIAN
54
CHILD ABUSE
THE PHYSICAL, SEXUAL , OR EMOTIONAL ABUSE OF CHILDREN
55
CHILD PROTECTION ACT OF 2003
LEGISLATION THAT CREATED THE AMBER ALERTS
56
CHILD PROTECTIVE SERVICES
THE NAME OF THE GOVERNMENTAL AGENCY IN MANY STATES THAT RESPOND TO REPORTS OF CHILD ABUSE OR NEGLECT.
57
CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE
EVIDENCE THAT TENDS TO INCRIMINATE A PERSON WITHOUT OFFERING POSITIVE PROOF
58
CODE ADAM
AN INTERNATIONALLY RECOGNIZED MISSING CHILD SAFETY PROGRAM IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA ORIGINALLY CREATED BY WALMART IN 1994
59
COERCED COMPLAINT CONFESSIONS
THE USE OF FEAR TACTTICS THAT INCLUDE DIRECT THREATS, INTIMIDATION OR ACTIAL PHYSICAL ABUSE
60
COERCED INTERNALIZATION
WHEN HIGHLY SUGGESTIBLE AND CONFUSED SUSPECTS WHO ACTUALLY BEGIN TO BELIEVE THAT THEY ARE GUILTY OF THE CRIME THEY DIDNT COMMIT
61
COERCION
THE USE OR THREAT OF ILLEGAL PHYSICAL MEANS TO INDUCE A SUSPECT TO MAKE AN ADMISSION OR CONFESSION.
62
COLD CASE
A CRIME OR AN ACCIDENT THAT HAS NOT YET BEEN SOLVED.
63
COLLATION
THE PROCESS OF COMPARING TEXTS CAREFULLY TO CLARIFY OF GIVE MEANING TO INFORMATION
64
COMMERCIAL BURGLARY
BURGLARIES OF BUSSINESSES AND OTHER COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENTS
65
COMMERCIAL ROBBERY
ROBBERY OF STORES AND BUSINESSES LOCATED CLOSE TO MAJOR THOROUGH FARES SUCH AS MAIN STREETS, HIGHWAYS, AND INTESTATES
66
COMMODITY FLOW ANALYSIS
CHARTING THE LOGICAL FLOW OF SUCH COMMODITIES AS DRUGS, MONEY, AND ILLEGAL ARMS SHIPMENTS
67
COMPOSITE
A FREEHAND DRAWING OF A SUSPECTED CRIMINAL
68
COMPUTER CRIME
A VIOLATION OF CRIMINAL LAW THAT REQUIRES SOME KNOWLEDGE OF COMPUTERS.
69
COMPUTER ERRORS EXCEPTION
AN EXCEPTION TO THE EXCLUSIONARY THAT HOLDS THAT A VEHICLE STOP BASED ON AN ARREST WARRANT STORED IMPROPERLY IS STILL LAWFUL
70
COMPUTER VIRUS
A SET OF ILLEGAL COMPUTER INSTRUCTIONS DESIGNED TO RUIN COMPUTER HARDWARE OR SOFTWARE WHILE REPRODUCING ITSELF IN THE COMPUTER PROGRAM WHEN IT IS EXECUTED
71
COMPUTER HACKING
A COMPULSIVE COMPUTER PROGRAMMER WHO EXPLORES, TESTS, AND PUSHES THE COMPUTER TO ITS LIMITS, REGARDLESS OF ITS CONSEQUENCES
72
COMFESSION
DIRECT ACKNOWLEDGMENT BY THE SUSPECT OF HIS OR HER GUILT IN THE COMMISSION OF A SPECIFIC CRIME OR AS AN INTEGRAL PART OF A SPECIFIC CRIME
73
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMANT
A PERSON WHO PROVIDES PRIVILEGED INFORMATION ABOUT A PERSON OR ORGANIZATION TO AN AGENCY. THE TERM USUALLY USED WITHIN THE LAW ENFORCEMENT WORLD, WHERE THEY ARE OFFICIALLY KNOWN AS CONFIDENTIAL OR CRIMINAL INFORMANTS, AND CAN OFTEN REFER PEJORATIVELY TO THE SUPPLY OF INFORMATION WITHOUT THE CONSENT OF OTHER PARTIES WITH THE INTENT OF MALICIOUS, PERSONAL, OR FINANCIAL GAIN
74
CONSENT SEARCH
WHEN POLICE GAIN PERMISSION TO SERCH WITHOUT A WARRANT
75
CONFIDENCE GAME
THE CRIMINAL PRACTICE OF GAINING THE CONFIDENCE OF A WOULD BE VICTIM FOR THE SOLE PURPOSE OF SWINDLING MONEY FROM THEM
76
CONTACT WOUND
A GUNSHOT WOUND INCURRED WHILE THE MUZZLE OF THE FIREARM IS IN DIRECT CONTACT WITH THE BODY AT THE MOMENT OF DISCHARGE.
77
CONSPIRACY
AN AGREEMENT BETWEEN TWO OR MORE PERSONS TO COMMIT A CRIMINAL ACT, ACCOMPANIED BY THE COMMISSION OF AT LEAST ONE OVERT ACT IN FURTHERANCE OF THE CRIME
78
CONSTABLE
A TERM GIVEN TO PEACE OFFICERS DURING THE EARLY FORMATION OF POLICING IN ENGLAND
79
CONTAMINATION OF EVIDENCE
THE ACT OF ADVERSELY AFFECTING EVIDENCE BY ALLOWING IT TO BE TAMPERED WITH OR BY NOT PROTECTING THE CHAIN OF CUSTODY
80
CONVENIENCE STORE ROBBERY
THE ARMED ROBBERY OF A CONVENIENCE STORE
81
COOPERATING WITNESS
A PERSON WHOSE RELATIONSHIP WITH THE GOVERNMENT IS CONCEALED UNTIL TESTIMONY AT TRIAL IS REQUIRED AND WHO CONTRIBUTES SUBSTANTIAL OPERATIONS ASSISTANCE TO THE RESOLUTION OF A CASE THROUGH ACTIVE PARTICIPATION IN AN INVESTIGATION.
82
COORDINATE METHOD
MEASURING AN OBJECT FROM TWO FIXED POINT OF REFERENCE
83
COPPING AREAS
AREAS KNOWN FOR OPEN AIR DRUG TRAFFICKING
84
CORPORATE CRIME
A FORM OF WHITE COLLAR CRIME WHEREBY TRUSTED EXECUTIVES WORKING WITHIN A COMPANY MISHANDLE FUNDS OR OTHERWISE BETRAY THE TRUST OF CUSTOMERS OR OTHER CONSUMERS
85
CORROBORATION
SUPPORTIVE EVIDENCE THAT TENDS TO PROVE THAT A CRIME WAS COMMITTED
86
COVER STORY
A FICTITIOUS STORY CONTRIVED BY A UNDERCOVER INVESTIGATION TO EXPLAIN HIS OR HER PRESENCE AS A DRUG BUYER TO CRIMINAL SUSPECTS.
87
COVERT INFORMATION COLLECTION
A CLANDESTINE PROCESS OF DATA COLLECTION ON A CRIMINAL ACTS THAT HAVE NOT YET OCCURRED BUT FOR WHICH THE INVESTIGATOR MUST PREPARE
88
CRACK
A FREEBASE FORM OF COCAINE
89
CRACK HOUSE
ABANDONED BUILDINGS OR APARTMENTS IN PUBLIC HOUSING PROJECTS LOCATED NEAR COPPING AREAS.
90
CREDIBILITY
ONES ABILITY TO BE BELIEVED
91
CRIME
ANY ACT PROHIBITED UNDER CRIMINAL LAW THAT IS PUNISHABLE BY A FINE, IMPRISONMENT, OR DEATH
92
CRIME SCENE
THE LOCATION WHERE THE CRIME TOOK PLACE.
93
CRIME SCENE EVIDENCE
PHYSICAL, TRACE, BIOLOGICAL, OR OTHER EVIDENCE LOCATED AT THE SCENE OF A CRIME
94
CRIME SCENE REPORT
A POLICE DRAWING THAT LOCATES EVIDENCE IN RELATION TO OTHER FACTORS.
95
CRIME SCENE WALK THROUGH
THE INVESTIGATIVE ACT OF INVESTIGATORS WALKING THROUGH A SCENE OF A CRIME FOR THE PURPOSE TO GIVE INVESTIGATORS PERSPECTIVE IN RELATION TO A CIRME.
96
CRIME STOPPERS
A PROGRAM SEPARATE FROM THE EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBER SYSTEM THAT ALLOWS A MEMBE OF THE COMMUNITY TO PROVIDE ANONYMOUS INFORMATION ABOUT CRIMINAL ACIVITY
97
CRIMINAL INTELLIGENCE
DOCUMENTED INFORMATION REGARDING PAST, PRESENT , AND FUTURE CRIMINAL ACTIVITY
98
CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIVE ANALYSIS
IDENTIFYING PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS SURROUNDING THE CRIME AS WELL AS THE MANNER IN WHICH IT WAS COMMITTED
99
CURRENCY EXCHANGE
A BROKERAGE HOUSE FOR FACILLITATIONG MOVEMENT OF ILLICTI MONEY
100
CURTILAGE
THE AREA SURROUNDING BUILDINGS AND HOUSES
101
CUSTODIAL PARENT
TERMS WHICH ARE USED TO DESCRIBE THE LEGAL AND PRACTICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A PARENT AND HIS OR HER CHILD, SUCH AS THE RIGHT OF THE PARENT TO MAKE DECISIONS FOR THE CHILD
102
CYBERCRIME
THE DESTRUCTION, THEFT, OR UNAUTHORIZED USE, MODIFICATION, OR COPYING OF INFORMATION, PROGRAMS, SERVICES, EQUIPMENT, OR COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
103
CYBER EXTORTION
WHEN A COMPUTER CRIMINAL EXTORTS MONEY FROM A VICTIM
104
CYBER STALKING
PREYING ON A VICTIM THROUGH HIS COMPUTER.
