CHAPTER KEY TERMS - OTHER TERMS 2 Flashcards
VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER
A 17 DIGIT NUMBER ASSIGNED TO EACH VEHICLE BY THE MANUFACTURER AT THE TIME OF PRODUCTION DESIGNED TO DISTINGUISH EACH VEHICLE FROM ALL OTHERS
WHITE COLLAR CRIME
A NON VIOLENT CRIME COMMITTED FOR FINANCIAL GAIN AND ACCOMPLISHED BY MEANS OF DECEPTION
VEHICLE ROBBERY
A ROBBERY OF A PERSONS DRIVING VEHICLES THAT INCLUDE DELIVERY VEHICLES, TAXICABS, AND BUSES, WHILE THE PEOPLE INVOLVED MAKE EASY TARGET FOR THE ROBBER BECAUSE THEY FREQUENTLY WORK ALONE AND IN SPARSELY POPULATED AREAS OF TOWN
VI CAP
VIOLENT CRIMINAL APPREHENSION PROGRAM, OPERATED BY THE FBI
VICE
GENERALLY ASSOCIATED WITH ORGANIZED CRIME, VICE CRIMES SUPPLY ILLEGAL GOODS AND SERVICES.
VICTIMLESS CRIME
MOST TYPICALLY , A VICE CRIME IN WHICH ALL PARTIES OF THE CRIMINAL ACT ARE WILLING PARTICIPANTS.
VISIBLE FINGERPRINTS
A TYPE OF FINGERPRINT LEFT AT A CRIME SCENE THAT RESULTS FROM BEING ADULTERATED WITH SOME FOREIGN MATTER, SUCH AS BLOOD, FLOUR, OR OIL
VOICE STRESS ANALYZER
TECHNOLOGY THAT RECORDS PSYCHO AND PHYSIOLOGICAL STRETT RESPONSES THAT ARE PRESENT IN HUMAN VOICE, WHEN A PERSON SUFFERS PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS IN RESPONSE TO A STIMULUS AND WHERE THE CONSEQUENCES MAY BE DIRE FOR THE SUBJECT BEING TESTED
VOLUNTARY MANSLAUGHTER
THE KILLING OF A HUMAN BEING IN WHICH THE OFFENDER HAD NO PRIOR INTENT TO KILL AND ACTED DURING THE HEAD OF PASSION, UNDER CIRCUMSTANCES THAT WOULD CAUSE A REASONABLE PERSON TO BECOME EMOTIONALLY OR MENTALLY DISTURBED.
UNDERCOVER
10
A FORM OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION UTILIZING OPERATIVES TO DO NOT APPEAR TO BE LAW ENFORCEMENT
UNDERCOVER OFFICER
WHEN A POLICE OFFICER POSES AS A CRIMINAL TO GAIN EVIDENCE FOR CRIMINAL PROSECUTION
UNDERCOVER OPERATIONS
DISGUISING ONES OWN IDENTITY OR USING AN ASSUMED IDENTITY FOR THE PURPOSES OF GAINING THE TRUST OF AN INDIVIDUAL OR ORGANIZATION TO LEARN SECRET INFORMATION OR TO GAIN THE TRUST OF TARGETED INDIVIDUALS IN ORDER TO GAIN INFORMATION OR EVIDENCE
UNIFORM CHILD CUSTODY JURISTIDTION ACT
LEGISLATION WHICH MADE THE PRACTICE OF MOVING TO ANOTHER STATE FOR THE PURPOSE OF CHANGING CUSTODY ILLEGAL.
TACTICAL INTELLIGENCE
INFORMATION THAT FURNISHES THE POLICE AGENCY WITH SPECIFICS ABOUT INDIVIDUALS, ORGANIZATIONS, AND DIFFERENT TYPES OF CRIMINAL ACTIVITY
TAGGING
A PROCESS OF ALTERING TITLE DOCUMENTS FOR STOLEN AUTOMOBILES.
TATTOOING
A TERM REFERRING TO THE DEPOSIT OF GUNPOWDER ON THE SKIN OF A SHOOTING ICTIM WHO WAS SHOT AT CLOSE RANGE.
TERRORISM
ACTIONS OR POLICY INTENDED TO INTIMIDATE OR CAUSE TERROR
TERRY STOP
A BRIEF DETENTION OF A PERSON BY POLICE
TESTIMONIAL EVIDENCE
EVIDENCE BASED ON STATEMENTS PROVIDED BY SUSPECTS, WITNESSES, OR VICTIMS OF A CRIME
TESTIMONY
20
A STATEMENT MADE IN RESPONSE TO A QUESTION OR SERIES OF QUESTIONS
TEXAS RANGERS
ONE OF THE EARLIEST LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIVE UNITS, FORMED IN TEXAS BEFORE TEXAS BECAME A STATE
THERMAL IMAGING
TECHNOLOGY THAT IS USED TO IDENTIFY HEAT SOURCES THAT MIGHT REVEAL CRIMINAL ACTIVITY
THEIF CATCHERS
PEOPLE RECRUITED FROM THE RIFFRAFF OF THE STREETS TO AID LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIALS IN LOCATING CRIMINALS DURING THE EUROPEAN INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
THINK ALOUD INTERVIEWING
AN INTERVIEW TECHNIQUE USED TO DESCRIBE A SPECIFIC TYPE OF ACTIVITY IN WHICH SUBJECTS ARE EXPLICITLY INSTRUCTED TO THINK ALOUD AS THEY ANSWER THE SURVEY QUESTIONS
TIN TRUCK
A TRUCK USED TO TRANSPORT PARTS OF A STOLEN VEHICLE
TOLERANCE
A PHYSICAL CONDITION THAT DEVELOPS WHEN A PERSON NEEDS INCREASING DOSES OF A DRUG TO EXPERIENCE ITS INITIAL EFFECTS
TOTALITY OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES
A TERM OF ART THAT REFERS TO AN OFFICERS UNDERSTANDING OF ALL AVAILABLE FACTS AND INFORMATION RELATING TO A PARTICULAR INCIDENT OR CRIME
TOXICOLOGY
A BRANCH OF BIOLOGY, CHEMISTRY, AND MEDICINE CONCERNED WITH THE STUDY OF THE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF CHEMICALS AND POISONS ON LIVING ORGANISMS
TRAILERS
MATERIALS USED IN SPREADING AN ARSON FIRE
TRANSFER OF EVIDENCE THEORY
30
THE THEORY THAT WHENEVER TWO OBJECTS MEET, SOME EVIDENCE, HOWEVER MICROSCOPIC MAY REMAIN TO DEMONSTRATE THAT THE ENCOUNTER DID OCCUR
TRAP DOORS
A TECHNIQUE IN WHICH PROGRAMMERS INSERT DEBUGGING AIDS THAT BREAK SECURITY CODES IN THE COMPUTER AND THEN INSERT AN ADDITIONAL CODE OF THEIR OWN
TRIANGULATION
THE PROCESS OF FINDING ONES POSITION ON A GIVEN PLANE WHEN TWO VISUAL LANDMARKS ARE KNOWN
TRIANGULATION METHOD
A BIRDS EYE VIEW OF CRIME SCENE USING FIXED OBJECTS FROM WHICH TO MEASURE
TRIGGERING CONDITION
AN ANTICIPATED FUTURE EVENT GIVING RISE TO A PROBABLE CAUSE SEARCH
TROJAN HORSE
A CRIMINAL COMPUTER PROGRAM THAT AUTOMATICALLY TRANSFERS MONEY TO AN ILLEGAL ACCOUNT WHENEVER A LEGAL TRANSACTION IS MADE.
QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS
DOCUMENTS THAT ARE SUSPECTED OF BEING ASSOCIATE WITH CRIMINAL ACTIVITY
RAPE
UNLAWFUL SEXUAL INTERCOURSE, ACHIEVED THROUGH FORCE WITHOUT CONSENT.
RAPE KIT
A SET OF ITEMS USED BY MEDICAL PERSONNEL FOR GATHERING AND PRESERVING PHYSICAL EVIDENCE FOLLOWING AN ALLEGATION OF SECUAL ASSAULT, WHICH CAN BE USED IN RAPE INVESTIGATION.
REASONABLE DEADLY FORCE
THE USE OF DEADLY FORCE BY A LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER THAT IS CONSISTENT WITH THE CONSTITUTIONAL STANDARD OF OBJECTIVELY REASONABLE AS IDENTIFIED UNDER GRAHAM VS CONNER
RELATIVE JUDGEMENT
40
WHEN EYEWITNESSES COMPARE LINEUP PHOTOGRAPHS OR MEMBERS WITH EACH OTHER RATHER THEN WITH THEIR MEMORY OF THE OFFENDER
RELEVANCY TEST
PERMITS, IN A COURT OF LAW , THE ADMISSION OF RELEVANT EVIDENCE THAT IS HELPFUL TO THE TRIER OF FACT.
RESIDENTIAL BURGLARY
THE BURGLARY OF ONES RESIDENCE
RESISTANCE
PHYSICAL OR PSYCHOLOGICAL UNWILLINGNESS TO COMPLY
RESTRAINING ORDER
A FORM OF LEGAL INJUNCTION THAT REQUIRES PARTY TO DO, OR TO REFRAIN FROM DOING, CERTAIN ACTS.
RETAIL BURGLARY
THEFT OF A PLACE OF BUSINESS GENERALLY OCCURRING WHEN THE BUSINESS IS UNOCCUPIED
REVERSE DRUG STING OPERATION
AN UNDERCOVER POLICE OPERATION WHEREBY THE POLICE POSE AS CRIMINALS, SUCH AS DRUG DEALERS OR PROSTITUTES , FOR THE PURPOSE OF ARRESTING PERSONS WHO OFFER TO PAY FOR SERVICES OFFERED BY THE UNDERCOVER OFFICER
RICO ACT
THE 1970 RACKETEERING INFLUENCED NAD CORRUPT ORGANIZATIONS ACT.
RIGOR MORTIS
THE PROCESS OF STIFFENING OR CONTRACTION OF THE MUSCLES OF A DECEASED PERSON AFTER THE VITAL FUNCTIONS CEASE
ROBBERY
FACE TO FACE TAKING OF PROPERTY FROM THE VICTIM BY THE OFFENDER
ROGUES GALLERY
50
A COMPILATION OF DESCRIPTIONS, METHODS OF OPERATION, HIDING PLACES, AND THE NAMES OF ASSOCIATES OF KNOWN CRIMINALS IN THE 1850S
ROUGH SKETCH
THE INITIAL CRIME SCENE SKETCH DRAWN BY OFFICERS ON THE CRIME SCENE
RUNAWAY OR LOST CHILD
A CATEGORY OF MISSING CHILDREN THAT IS THE MOST COMMONLY ENCOUNTERED BY LAW ENFORCEMENT
OBJECTION
A PROTEST TO THE JUDGE REGARDING THE FORM OF THE QUESTION BEING ASKED OF THE WITNESS
OLFACTORY SENSES
PERTAINING TO SMELL. A DISTINGUISHABLE ODOR MAY INDICATE A SPECIFIC TYPE OF CRIME
ONE PERCENTER OMG
A TERM THAT REFERS TO OUTLAW MOTORCYCLE GANGS WHOSE MEMBERS CONSIDER MEMBERSHIP A LIFESTYLE THAT IS IMPORTED BY CRIMINAL ACTIVITY
OLFACTORY SENSES
A TERM THAT REFERS TOTHE OPEN FIELDS DOCTRINE WAS FIRST ARTICULATED BY THE US SUPREME COURT IN HESTER MS UNITED STATES WHICH STATED THAT THE SPECIAL PROTECTION ACCORDER BY THE FOURTH AMENDMENT TO THE PEOPLE IN THEIR PERSONS, HOUSES, PAPERS, AND EFFECTS, IS NOT EXTENDED TO OPEN FIELDS.
OPPORTUNISTIC ROBBER
A ROBBER WHO STEALS TO OBTAIN SMALL AMOUNTS OF MONEY WHEN HE OR SHE IDENTIFIES WHAT SEEMS TO BE A VULNERABLE TARGET
OUTLAW MOTORCYCLE GANGS
CRIMINAL GANGS COMMONLY AFFILIATED WITH MOTORCYCLES
OUTSIDE TEAM
THE ARREST TEAM IN A SURVEILLANCE
PAPER TRAIL
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EVIDENCE IN AN ARSON CASE THAT SHOWS MOTIVE. THIS INCLUDES FINANCIAL RECORDS, INFLATED INSURANCE COVERAGE, LITTLE OR NO INVENTORY, AND EXCESSIVE DEBTS.
PARENTAL KIDNAPPING PREVENTION ACT
A LAW THAT ESTABLISHES NATIONAL STANDARDS FOR THE ASSERTION OF CHILD CUSTODY JURISDICTION.
PAT DOWN SEARCH
A SEARCH OF A PERSONS OUTER CLOTHING WHERIN A PERSON RUNS HIS OR HER HANDS ALONG THE OUTER GARMENTS TO DETECT ANY CONCEALED WEAPONS OR CONTRABAND.
PATENT FINGERPRINT
A LATENT FINGERPRING
PEDOPHILIA
THE BASIS OF SEXUAL MISCONDUCT WITH CHILDREN
PERSONALITY PROFILE
A MEANS OF IDENTIFYING THE TYPE OF PERSON RESPONSIBLE FOR A PARTICULAR CRIME. THIS IS ACCOMPLISHED BY IDENTIFYING THE PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS SURROUNDING THE CRIME AS WEL AS THE MANNER IN WHICH IT WAS COMMITTED.
PHOTO LINEUP
THE USE OF PHOTOGRAPHS THAT ARE SHOWN TO A VICTIM OR WITNESS IN THE IDENTIFICATION PROCESS
PHYSICAL ABUSE
A TERM REFERRING TO THE PHYSICAL ASSAULT OR OTHER HARMFUL PHYSICAL CONTACT BETWEEN A SUSPECT AND A UNDERAGED CHILD
PHYSICAL EVIDENCE
ANY TYPE OF EVIDENCE HAVING SHAPE, SIZE OR DIMENSION
PHYSICAL SURVEILLANCE
THE ACT OF LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS VISUALLY OBSERVING A SUSPECT OR LOCATION
PRISON GANG
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CRIMINAL ORGANIZATIONS THAT ORIGINATED WITHIN THE PENAL SYSTEM AND OPERTE WITHIN CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES
PROFESSIONAL ROBBER
A ROBBER WHO HAS LONG TERM COMMITMENT TO CRIME AS A SOURCE OF LIVELIHOOD, PLANNING AND ORGANIZING CRIMES BEFORE COMMITTING THEM, AND PURSUING MONEY TO SUPPORT A PARTICULAR LIFESTYLE.
PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILING
A BEHAVIORAL AND INVESTIGATIVE TOOL THAT IS INTENDED TO HELP INVESTIGATORS TO ACCURATELY PREDICT AND PROFILE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF UNKNOWN CRIMINAL SUBJECTS OR OFFENDERS
PILFERAGE
THE STEALING OF MERCHANDISE
PINKERTON NATIONAL DETECTIVE AGENCY
FOUNDED BY ALLEN PINKERTON IN 1850, THIS WAS ONE OF THE FIRST CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIVE BODIES TO EXIST IN THE UNITED STATES
PLAIN VIEW DOCTRINE
A LEGAL DOCTRINE WHEREBY POLICE OFFICERS HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO CONFISCATE EVIDENCE, WITHOUT A WARRANT, BASED ON WHAT THEY FIND IN PLAIN VIEW AND OPEN TO PUBLIC INSPECTION
POINT OF ORIGIN
THE LOCATION OF AN ARSON SCENE WHERE THE FIRE ORIGINATED
POLYGRAPH
A MECHANICAL DEVICE DESIGNED TO AID INVESTIGATORS IN OBTAINING INFORMATION
POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION
A PROCESS IN WHICH DNA STRIPS CAN BE RAPIDLY REPRODUCED FOR SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS
POSTMORTEM LIVIDITY
A PURPLISH COLORATION OF THE SKIN OF A DECEASED PERSON
POWER ASSERTIVE RAPIST.
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A RAPIST WHO ATTEMPTS TO DEMONSTRATE HIS MANHOOD TO THE VICTIM THROUGH SEXUAL ASSAULT.
POWER REASSURANCE RAPIST
A RAPIST WHO HAS THE PRIMARY MOTIVATION OF POWER OVER HIS VITIM
PREFERENTIAL MOLESTER
A CHILD MOLESTER WHO HAS SEXUAL DESIRES FOCUSING ON CHILDREN AND TYPICALLY HAS A MORE IDENTIFIABLE PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER
PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION
A TERM REFERRING TO THE EARLY STAGES OF CRIME SCENE PROCESSING , USUALLY CONDUCTED BY THE FIRST OFFICER ON THE CRIME SCENE
PREMEDITATION
PLANNING BEFOREHAND THAT SHOWS INTENT TO COMMIT A CRIMINAL ACT
PRETRIAL CONFERENCE
A MEETING BETWEEN THE PROSECUTOR AND THE INVESTIGATOR AT WHICH THE PROSECUTION STRATEGY TO A CRIMINAL CASE IS DISCUSSED
PRIMARY PHYSICAL AGGRESSOR
IF THE POLICE HAVE SUFFICIENT REASON TO BELIEVE THAT A PERSON, WITHIN THE PRECEDING FOUR HOURS, COMMITTED AN ACTIVE DOMESTIC VIOLENCE OR SPOUSAL BATTERY, THE OFFICER IS REQUIRED TO ARREST A PERSON. THIS PERSON IS KNOWN AS THE PRIMARY PHYSICAL AGGRESSOR
PROACTIVE PATROL
AN EFFECTIVE POLICE PATROL FOOL TO PREVENT BURGLARY AS WELL AS MANY OTHER CRIMES
PROBABLE CAUSE
THE MINIMUM AMOUNT OF INFORMATION NECESSARY TO CAUSE A REASONABLE PERSON TO BELIEVE THAT A CRIME HAS BEEN OR IS BEING COMMITTED
PROFILE
A METHOD USED TO IDENTIFY AN OFFENDERS MOTIVAIONS
PROOF
90
THE END OR NET RESULT OF THE EVIDENCE COLLECTION PROCESS
PROPERTY CRIME
A TYPE OF CRIME WHEREBY THE CRIMINAL IS MORE CONCERNED WITH FINANCIAL GAIN AND LESS PREPARED FOR A VIOLENT ALTERCATION WITH THE VICTIM
PROTECTION ORDER
A LEGAL DOCUMENT THAT ORDERS ONE PERSON TO STAY AWAY FORM ANOTHE
PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDANCE
FEELING THAT A DRUG IS NECESSARY TO ONES WELL BEING
PUBLIC SAFETY EXCEPTION
SUPREME COURT RULING THAT FOUND THAT POLICE OFFICERS WHO ARE REASONABLY CONCERNED FOR PUBLIC SAFETY MAY QUESTION PERSONS WHO ARE IN CUSTODY AND WHO HAVE NOT BEEN READ THE MIRANDA WARNTING
PYROMANIAC
A PERSON WITH A PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER IN WHICH SEXUAL GRATIFICATION IS OBTAINED THROUGH THE SETTING OF FIRES.
