Chapter Five Flashcards
Cell
The basic unit of structure and function in living things
Protoplasm
All the living material which makes up a cell
Cell Wall
The stiff box of non-living material that surrounds plant, fungal. and most of bacterial cells
Organelle
The tiny structures in a cell, each with their own function
Chloroplast
An organelle in plant cells which contains chlorophyll
Chlorophyll
The green chemical that captures sunlight for the process of photosynthesis
Cell Membrane
A semipermeable, double layer of lipids and proteins that surrounds the cell
Cytoplasm
The protoplasm outside the cell nucleus
Nucleus of a Cell
The dense round structure in a cell that controls cell activity
Nucloplasm
The protoplasm within the cell nucleus
Nuclear Membrane
The thin, semipermeable film that controls what enters or leaves the nucleus
Semipermeable
Able to be penetrated by some molecules but not by others
Passive Transport
The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy
Active Transport
The movement of substances across a cell membrane that requires the cell’s use of energy
Diffusion
The passive transport of substances from the high to the low concentration (no energy used)
Osmosis
The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane from the higher to the lower concentration of water
Mitochondrion
An organelle containing a folded membrane where energy is produced through cellular respiration
Vacuoles
A bubble-like space in a cell that may contain air or food
Endoplasmic Reticulum
An organelle made of tube-like membranes which provide a surface for chemical reactions
Centrioles
A pair of spherical organelles in animal cells which assist in cell division
Chromosomes
A double strand of DNA with the information to operate a cell
Golgi Bodies/Golgi Complex
An organelle that transports, modifies, and stores protiens
Lysosome
A bubble-like organelle that contains digestive enzymes that break down food
Ribosomes
A dot-like organelle on the endoplasmic reticulum where proteins are made
