Chapter 14

Question 1

Nutrient

Answer 1

Any substance needed by an organism to live and grow

Question 2

Fat

Answer 2

Giant, high-energy molecules of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with many more hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms

Question 3

Protein

Answer 3

One of the nutrient groups; molecules made of long chains of amino acids

Question 4

Amino Acids

Answer 4

Molecules containing nitrogen which are linked together to form proteins

Question 5

Enzymes

Answer 5

Proteins that help specific chemical reactions to occur

Question 6

Carbohydrate

Answer 6

Any compound consisting of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen with 2 hydrogen atoms for every 1 oxygen atom

Question 7

Glucose

Answer 7

A simple sugar (C6 H12 O6); also called blood sugar

Question 8

Monosaccharide

Answer 8

A simple sugar made of one sugar ring (glucose, fructose)

Question 9

Dissaccharide

Answer 9

A complex sugar made of two sugar rings (sucrose, lactose)

Question 10

Polysaccharide

Answer 10

A molecule made of many sugar rings fastened into a long chain (starch)

Question 11

Glycogen

Answer 11

A starch made of many glucose molecules linked together; used for short term storage of glucose in the liver

Question 12

Vitamin

Answer 12

An organic compound needed by a living system in small amounts

Question 13

Mineral

Answer 13

An inorganic element or compound needed by a living system in small amounts

Question 14

Cellular Respiration

Answer 14

The chemical reaction of glucose and oxygen in a cell to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy

Question 15

Chemosynthesis

Answer 15

The process which uses energy from chemical reactions to produce food energy in the absence of sunlight