Chapter 18 Flashcards
Tongue
A thick muscular organ in the mouth
Taste Buds
Bumps on the tongue that contain nerve cells sensitive to sweet, sour, salt, and bitter
Mechanical Digestion
The process of breaking down food into smaller pieces of the same material
Incisor
A type of tooth shaped like a chisel for biting off foods
Cuspid
A type of tooth with one point (cusp) for ripping meat (also called a canine tooth)
Bicuspid
A type of tooth with two points (cusps) for grinding food
Molar
A type of large, broad, flat tooth for crushing food
Chemical Digestion
The process of chemically breaking down foods into simpler substances
Saliva
A secretion from the salivary glands in the mouth which contains amylase
Amylase
The enzyme that begins the digestion of starches
Esophagus
The smooth muscle tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach
Peristalsis
Rhythmic, wave-like, contractions
Stomach
A digestive organ that chemically and mechanically digests food
Pyloric Sphincter
A ring-like muscle that closes the lower end of the stomach
Pepsin
An enzyme in gastric juice that begins the chemical digestion of proteins
Small Intestine
The organ in which digestion is completed and absorption occurs; the longest organ in the body
Liver
The largest organ of the body; produces bile and takes part in other metabolic activities
Bile
A digestive juice produced in the liver that emulsifies fats
Gall Bladder
A balloon-like organ that stores bile
Pancreas
A glandular organ that secretes pancreatic juice, insulin, and glucagon
Villus
A finger-like projection of the lining of the small intestine that increases surface area for absorption of digested nutrients
Lacteal
A small lymph vessel inside a villus that absorbs fatty acids and glycerol
Large Intestine
A short, thick section of the digestive system where water is absorbed
Rectum
The storage area for solid waste at the end of the large intestine
Anus
The opening in the digestive system through which wastes are excreted
