Chapter Fifteen: Simple Patterns of Inheritance

Question 1

Who first described the laws of Inheritance?

Answer 1

Gregor Mendel

Question 2

Mendel learned a (quantitative or qualitative) approach?

Answer 2

Quantitative

Question 3

What is this term?
a section of DNA that codes for a particular trait

Answer 3

Gene

Question 4

What is this term?
a variable form of a gene

Answer 4

Allele

Question 5

What is this term?
the two copies of a gene in a diploid organism are the same

Answer 5

homozygous

Question 6

What is this term?
the two copies of a gene are for different alleles

Answer 6

Heterozygous

Question 7

What is this term?
the genetic makeup of an individual

Answer 7

Genotype

Question 8

What is this term?
the physical expression of the genotype

Answer 8

phenotype

Question 9

What is this term?
the one allele expressed in a heterozygote

Answer 9

Dominant

Question 10

What is this term?
the allele not expressed in a heterozygote

Answer 10

Recessive

Question 11

Mendel’s first law of segregation
1. adults are…and have two copies of each gene
2. the two copies of each gene segregate on to each…
3. …restores the diploid number

Answer 11

diploid
gamete
fertilization

Question 12

Mendel’s Second Law (Independent Assortment):
alleles of different genes will assort into…independently of one another

Answer 12

gametes

Question 13

What are these?
small dark-staining bodies in the interphase nuclei of females but not males

Answer 13

Barr Bodies

Question 14

What type of Hypothesis?
barr bodies are heterochromatic x-chromosomes, with all but one x heterochromatic

Answer 14

Lyon Hypothesis

Question 15

What kind of dominance?
- only one allele is expressed in a heterozygote

Answer 15

Complete (simple) dominance

Question 16

What kind of dominance?
- both alleles are expressed in a heterozygote, so an intermediate phenotype is produced

Answer 16

Incomplete Dominance

Question 17

non-sex chromosomes are called…

Answer 17

autonomies

Question 18

Complete/Simple Dominance:
- a gene codes for an…which will convert a chemical precursor into a purple pigment

Answer 18

enzyme

Question 19

Complete/Simple Dominance:
- homozygous dominant has two alleles, both produce functional…and…

Answer 19

enzyme
pigment

Question 20

Complete/Simple Dominance:
- Heterozygote has…copy of the gene producing functional enzyme, but that functional enzyme is enough to convert the precursor to purple pigment

Answer 20

one

Question 21

Complete/Simple Dominance:
- homozygous recessive has both copies of the gene producing…enzyme

Answer 21

defective

Question 22

Complete/Simple Dominance:
- without the functional enzyme, the…is not converted to enzyme

Answer 22

precursor