Chapter Fifteen: Simple Patterns of Inheritance Flashcards
Who first described the laws of Inheritance?
Gregor Mendel
Mendel learned a (quantitative or qualitative) approach?
Quantitative
What is this term?
a section of DNA that codes for a particular trait
Gene
What is this term?
a variable form of a gene
Allele
What is this term?
the two copies of a gene in a diploid organism are the same
homozygous
What is this term?
the two copies of a gene are for different alleles
Heterozygous
What is this term?
the genetic makeup of an individual
Genotype
What is this term?
the physical expression of the genotype
phenotype
What is this term?
the one allele expressed in a heterozygote
Dominant
What is this term?
the allele not expressed in a heterozygote
Recessive
Mendel’s first law of segregation
1. adults are…and have two copies of each gene
2. the two copies of each gene segregate on to each…
3. …restores the diploid number
diploid
gamete
fertilization
Mendel’s Second Law (Independent Assortment):
alleles of different genes will assort into…independently of one another
gametes
What are these?
small dark-staining bodies in the interphase nuclei of females but not males
Barr Bodies
What type of Hypothesis?
barr bodies are heterochromatic x-chromosomes, with all but one x heterochromatic
Lyon Hypothesis
What kind of dominance?
- only one allele is expressed in a heterozygote
Complete (simple) dominance
What kind of dominance?
- both alleles are expressed in a heterozygote, so an intermediate phenotype is produced
Incomplete Dominance
non-sex chromosomes are called…
autonomies
Complete/Simple Dominance:
- a gene codes for an…which will convert a chemical precursor into a purple pigment
enzyme
Complete/Simple Dominance:
- homozygous dominant has two alleles, both produce functional…and…
enzyme
pigment
Complete/Simple Dominance:
- Heterozygote has…copy of the gene producing functional enzyme, but that functional enzyme is enough to convert the precursor to purple pigment
one
Complete/Simple Dominance:
- homozygous recessive has both copies of the gene producing…enzyme
defective
Complete/Simple Dominance:
- without the functional enzyme, the…is not converted to enzyme
precursor
