Chapter 9: Urinary System Flashcards
the urinary system is responsible for four things
1- maintaining a stable internal environment
2- removing waste products from blood
3- adjusting water and electrolyte levels
4- maintaining the correct pH
organs of the urinary system
- 2 kidneys
- 2 ureters
- bladder
- urethra
azot/o
nitrogenous waste
bacteri/o
bacteria
corpor/o
body
cyst/o
urinary bladder
genit/o
genitals
glomerul/o
glomerulus
glycos/o
sugar, glucose
home/o
sameness
hydr/o
water
iatr/o
physician, medicine, treatment
idi/o
distinctive
keton/o
ketones
meat/o
meatus
nephr/o
kidney
noct/i
night
olig/o
scanty
protein/o
protein
pyel/o
renal pelvis
ren/o
kidney
tox/o
poison
ur/o
urine
ureter/o
ureter
urethr/o
urethra
urin/o
urine
-lith
stone
-lysis
to destroy
-ptosis
drooping
-uria
urine condition
the urinary system is also called the
genitourinary/GU system
a build-up of wastes is called
uremia
wastes are removed from the body by a system of _______________ and ___________
blood vessels and tubules
filtration of the blood takes place in the
nephrons
urine drains from the ____________ and the ureters carry it to the _____________
kidney/bladder
when the ______________ empties, urine moves through the _____________ and out
bladder/urethra
the two kidneys are behind the _______________ and are _______________
peritoneum/retroperitoneal
the concave hilum is the entry point for the _________ _________ and the exit point for the ______ _______
renal artery/ renal vein
the renal artery brings in
waste-filled blood
the renal vein takes out
clean blood
the ______ also exits at the hilum
ureter
the outer portion of the kidney is the _________ and is like the kidney’s shell
cortex
the inner area of the kidney is called the
medulla
the medulla contains _____________ that point inward toward the hilum
pyramids
the tip or __________ of each pyramid opens into a ________
papilla/calyx
the __________ collect urine and empty into the renal pelvis
calyces
the __________ is the working unit of the kidney
nephron
each nephron has a renal _____________ and a renal _________
corpuscle/tubule
the corpuscle filters the blood using ______________ capsule and ____________
glomerular/glomerulus
____________ _________ carry blood to the glomeruli
afferent arterioles
___________ __________ carry blood away
efferent arterioles
water and substances removed from the blood in the corpuscle flow into the __________ ____________
renal tubules
the _____________ complete urine production
tubules
the tubules are divided into 4 parts
1- proximal convoluted tubule
2- nephron loop
3- distal convoluted tubule
4- collecting tubule
the _________ carry urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder
ureters
the ureters are tubes less than a quarter inch wide and between ___ and ___ inches long
10 and 12
ureters are lined with
mucous membrane
the bladder is an _________ _____________ ______ in the base of the pelvis
elastic muscular sac
the bladder is composed of three layers of __________ __________ lined with ____________
smooth muscle/rugae
the bladder receives and stores urine from the __________
ureters
the bladder can hold between _____ and _____ mL of urine
300 and 400
the bladder signals the urge to
empty
_____________ ___________ cause the bladder to contract and the ____________ __________ to relax
involuntary muscles/internal sphincter
______________ ___________ control the external sphincter for intentional emptying
voluntary muscles
bladder control is developed sometime after a person reaches age
2
the __________ is a tubular canal that carries urine out of the bladder
urethra
the female urethra is __ to __ inches long
1 to 2
the male urethra is __ inches long
8
in women, the urethra serves to
ONLY carry urine out of the body
in men, the urethra serves to
carry BOTH urine and semen out of the body
the kidneys are responsible for
homeostasis- balance in the body
the urinary system continually maintains the proper balance of __________ and __________ in the body
water and chemicals
if the body has too little water, the kidneys
conserve it
if the body has excess water, the kidneys
excrete it
the kidneys also regulate the level of
electrolytes- small, biologically important molecules
the kidneys also help maintain the correct ___ within the body
pH
as nephrons remove wastes, many ___________ ___________ are also initially removed from the blood
desirable molecules
to prevent the desirable molecules being excreted, urine is produced in stages
- filtration
- reabsorption
- secretion
filtration is the ___ stage
first
filtration occurs in the _________ __________ as pressure forces material out of the blood and into the _________ _________
renal capsule/renal tubules
filtration material is a fluid called
glomerular filtrate
filtrate contains
- water
- electrolytes
- nutrients
- wastes
- toxins
reabsorption is the __ stage
second
reabsorption occurs as filtrate passes through the
four sections of the renal tubule
