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AHS 102 003 Med Term > Chapter 8: Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

the digestive system ____________ and ___________ breaks down food and absorbs nutrients in the body

A

mechanically and chemically

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2
Q

organs and accessory structures of the digestive system include:

A
  • anus
  • esophagus
  • gallbladder
  • large intestine
  • liver
  • mouth
  • oral cavity
  • pancreas
  • pharynx
  • salivary glands
  • small intestine
  • stomach
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3
Q

an/o

A

anus

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4
Q

append/o

A

appendix

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5
Q

appendic/o

A

appendix

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6
Q

bar/o

A

weight

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7
Q

bucc/o

A

cheek

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8
Q

cec/o

A

cecum

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9
Q

cholangi/o

A

bile duct

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10
Q

chol/e

A

bile, gall

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11
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

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12
Q

choledoch/o

A

common bile duct

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13
Q

cirrh/o

A

yellow

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14
Q

col/o

A

colon

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15
Q

colon/o

A

colon

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16
Q

dent/o

A

tooth

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17
Q

diverticul/o

A

pouch

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18
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum

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19
Q

enter/o

A

small intestine

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20
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

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21
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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22
Q

gingiv/o

A

gums

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23
Q

gloss/o

A

tongue

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24
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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25
Q

ile/o

A

ileum

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26
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum

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27
Q

labi/o

A

lip

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28
Q

lapar/o

A

abdomen

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29
Q

lingu/o

A

tongue

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30
Q

lith/o

A

stone

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31
Q

odont/o

A

tooth

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32
Q

or/o

A

mouth

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33
Q

palat/o

A

palate

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34
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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35
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx

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36
Q

polyp/o

A

polyp

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37
Q

proct/o

A

anus and rectum

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38
Q

pylor/o

A

pylorus

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39
Q

pyr/o

A

fire

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40
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

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41
Q

sialaden/o

A

salivary gland

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42
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

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43
Q

-emesis

A

vomit

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44
Q

-emetic

A

pertaining to vomiting

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45
Q

-iatric

A

pertaining to medical treatment

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46
Q

-istry

A

speciality of

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47
Q

-lithiasis

A

condition of stones

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48
Q

-orexia

A

appetite

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49
Q

-pepsia

A

digestion

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50
Q

-phagia

A

eat, swallow

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51
Q

-prandial

A

pertaining to a meal

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52
Q

-tripsy

A

surgical crushing

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53
Q

most digestive organs are actually distinct section of the gut tube and those are:

A
  • oral cavity
  • pharynx
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • small intestine
  • large intestine
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54
Q

accessory organs involved in the digestive process but not part of the continuous gut tube

A
  • salivary glands
  • pancreas
  • liver
  • gallbladder
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55
Q

accessory organs are connected to the gut by

A

ducts

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56
Q

the digestive system has three main functions

A

1- physical and chemical breakdown of food into smaller nutrient molecules
2- absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream
3- elimination of any food that is not digested or absorbed

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57
Q

the ______________ is the first portion of the continuous gut tube

A

oral cavity

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58
Q

the ________ mechanically break down food

A

teeth

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59
Q

the ________ moves food and mixes it with saliva

A

tongue

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60
Q

saliva contains _________________ and __________ food

A

digestive enzymes and lubricates

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61
Q

_______________ detect the five main flavors

A

taste buds

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62
Q

the __________ is the roof of the oral cavity

A

palate

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63
Q

the bony anterior portion is the

A

hard palate

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64
Q

the flexible posterior portion is the

A

soft palate

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65
Q

the _______ hangs from the soft palate, where it is involved in speech production and the gag reflex

A

uvula

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66
Q

the ________ are the lateral walls of the oral cavity

A

cheeks

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67
Q

the ______ are the anterior opening of the oral cavity

A

lips

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68
Q

the entire oral cavity is lined with

A

mucous membrane

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69
Q

a portion of the mucous membrane forms _________ or _________

A

gums or gingiva

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70
Q

the teeth in the front of the mouth ______, ________, and ______ food

A

bite, tear, and cut

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71
Q

the teeth toward the back of the mouth _______ and ______ food into finer pieces

A

grind and crush

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72
Q

teeth in front:

A
  • incisors
  • cuspids (canines)
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73
Q

teeth in back:

A
  • bicuspids (premolars)
  • molars
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74
Q

all teeth consist of 2 main parts

A
  • crown
  • root
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75
Q

the crown lies ________ the gum line

A

above

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76
Q

the root lies _________ the gum line

A

below

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77
Q

the root is anchored in the jaw by ____________ and ____________ ligaments

A

cementum and periodontal

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78
Q

the crown is covered by

A

hard enamel

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79
Q

the bulk of the tooth is made of

A

dentin

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80
Q

the hollow interior is the _______ __________ in the crown and root canal in the root

A

pulp cavity

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81
Q

cavities contain soft tissue made up of ___________, _________, and ___________

A

blood vessels, nerves, lymph vessels

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82
Q

humans have __ sets of teeth

A

2

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83
Q

the _______________ teeth erupt between the ages of 6 and 28 months

A

20 deciduous (baby)

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84
Q

around age 6, the deciduous teeth begin to be replaced by the ____________________

A

32 permanent teeth

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85
Q

eruption of the permanent teeth continues until around ages

A

18-20

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86
Q

after the oral cavity, the next portion of the digestive tract is the

A

pharynx

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87
Q

food first passes through the _____________, then progresses through the ______________

A

oropharynx/laryngopharynx

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88
Q

the ___________ is a flap that prevents swallowed food from entering the respiratory tract

A

epiglottis

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89
Q

the _____________ is a muscular tube that is about 10 inches long in most adults

A

esophagus

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90
Q

the esophagus carries food through the ______________ cavity and into the _______________ cavity, where it enters the ___________

A

thoracic cavity/ abdominal cavity/ stomach

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91
Q

food is propelled through the esophagus by wavelike contractions called

A

peristalsis

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92
Q

the stomach churns food with ________________ and other gastric juices to form _________

A

hydrochloric acids/ chyme

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93
Q

the stomach consists of 3 parts

A

1- fundus (upper portion)
2- body (main portion)
3- antrum (lower portion)

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94
Q

folds called _______ line the entire stomach

A

rugae

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95
Q

2 muscular valves called sphincters control the flow of food through the stomach

A
  • cardiac sphincter
  • pyloric sphincter
96
Q

the _________________ allows food to pass from the esophagus to the fundus

A

cardiac sphincter

97
Q

the _________________ regulates passage of chyme from the antrum to the small intestine

A

pyloric sphincter

98
Q

the __________________ is the longest part of the gut tube, extending from the pyloric sphincter in the colon

A

small intestine

99
Q

the small intestine is the

A

major site of digestion and absorption of nutrients

100
Q

projections called _______ make the lining in the small intestines highly efficient at absorption

A

villi

101
Q

__________ on the surface of individual cells further increase absorptive ability

A

microvilli

102
Q

the small intestine has 3 sections

A

1- duodenum
2- jejunum
3- ileum

103
Q

the duodenum is _______ inches long and begins at the ___________ sphincter

A

10-12 inches/ pyloric

104
Q

the jejunum is _________ feet long and extends from the _____________ to the ileum

A

8 / duodenum

105
Q

the ileum is _________ long and connects to the coloin via the _______________

A

12 feet long/ ileocecal valve

106
Q

from the small intestine, any remaining fluid enters the

A

large intestine

107
Q

the remaining material is solid waste– also called

A

feces or stool

108
Q

feces are evacuated from the body via

A

bowel movements

109
Q

the large intestine is _________ long

A

5 feet

110
Q

the large intestine begins at the ____________ and ends at the ________

A

ileocecal valve/ anus

111
Q

the ________ is a saclike area in the first 2-3 inches of the large intestine

A

cecum

112
Q

the ___________ appendix is located at the end of the cecum

A

vermiform

113
Q

the colon consists of four regions

A
  • ascending colon
  • transverse colon
  • descending colon
  • sigmoid colon
114
Q

__________________ extends upward on the right side of the abdomen

A

ascending colon

115
Q

__________________ travels horizontally across the upper abdomen

A

transverse colon

116
Q

_________________ travels down the left side of the abdomen

A

descending colon

117
Q

______________ curves in an S-shape to the midline of the body

A

sigmoid colon

118
Q

the rectum stores

A

feces

119
Q

the rectum leads to the _____________, which ends at the anal sphincter

A

anal canal

120
Q

the _______________ is the external opening of the digestive tract

A

anal sphincter

121
Q

the anal sphincter consists of rings of __________ that control the process of defecation

A

muscles

122
Q

accessory organs include

A
  • salivary glands
  • liver
  • pancreas
  • gallbladder
123
Q

the salivary glands produce

A

saliva

124
Q

saliva mixes with chewed food to form a _________ that is easier to swallow

A

bolus

125
Q

saliva also contains _________, an enzyme that begins the breakdown of carbohydrates

A

amylase

126
Q

3 pairs of salivary glands

A
  • parotid glands
  • sublingual glands
  • submandibular glands
127
Q

the parotid glands are located

A

in front of the ears

128
Q

the sublingual glands are located

A

in the floor of the mouth

129
Q

the submandibular glands are located

A

in the floor of the mouth

130
Q

the liver is located in which quadrant?

A

right upper quadrant of the abdomen

131
Q

functions of the liver

A
  • processing absorbed nutrients
  • detoxifying harmful substances
  • producing bile
132
Q

the gallbladder lies under the ________ and stores ________

A

liver/bile

133
Q

bile reaches the gallbladder by way of the _________ and _________ ducts

A

hepatic and cystic

134
Q

the pancreas connects to the duodenum via the

A

pancreatic duct

135
Q

pancreatic enzymes chemically digest _______________, ________, and ______________

A

carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

136
Q

the pancreas is also an endocrine gland that produces _________ and _________, which regulate blood glucose levels

A

insulin and glucagon

137
Q

an/o

A

anus

138
Q

append/o

A

appendix

139
Q

appendic/o

A

appendix

140
Q

bar/o

A

weight

141
Q

bucc/o

A

cheek

142
Q

carcin/o

A

cancer

143
Q

cec/o

A

cecum

144
Q

chol/e

A

bile

145
Q

cholangi/o

A

bile duct

146
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

147
Q

choledoch/o

A

common bile duct

148
Q

cirrh/o

A

yellow

149
Q

col/o

A

colon

150
Q

colon/o

A

colon

151
Q

cutane/o

A

skin

152
Q

cyst/o

A

sac

153
Q

dent/o

A

tooth

154
Q

diverticul/o

A

pouch

155
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum

156
Q

enter/o

A

small intestine

157
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

158
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

159
Q

gingiv/o

A

gums

160
Q

gloss/o

A

tongue

161
Q

hem/o

A

blood

162
Q

hemat/o

A

blood

163
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

164
Q

ile/o

A

ileum

165
Q

inguin/o

A

groin

166
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum

167
Q

labi/o

A

lip

168
Q

lapar/o

A

abdomen

169
Q

lingu/o

A

tongue

170
Q

lith/o

A

stone

171
Q

mandibul/o

A

mandible

172
Q

nas/o

A

nose

173
Q

ordont/o

A

straight

174
Q

or/o

A

mouth

175
Q

orth/o

A

straight

176
Q

palat/o

A

palate

177
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

178
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx

179
Q

polyp/o

A

polyp

180
Q

proct/o

A

anus and rectum

181
Q

pylor/o

A

pylorus

182
Q

pyr/o

A

fire

183
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

184
Q

sialaden/o

A

salivary gland

185
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

186
Q

ven/o

A

vein

187
Q

-iatric

A

pertaining to medical treatment

188
Q

-istry

A

speciality of

189
Q

-lithiasis

A

condition of stones

190
Q

-orexia

A

appetite

191
Q

-ostomy

A

surgically create an opening

192
Q

-pepsia

A

digestion

193
Q

-pexy

A

surgical fixation

194
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

195
Q

-prandial

A

pertaining to a meal

196
Q

-ptosis

A

drooping

197
Q

-tripsy

A

surgical crushing

198
Q

retro-

A

backward

199
Q

anal

A

pertaining to the anus

200
Q

buccal

A

pertaining to the cheeks

201
Q

buccolabial

A

pertaining to the cheeks and lips

202
Q

cecal

A

pertaining to the cecum

203
Q

cholecystic

A

pertaining to the gallbladder

204
Q

colonic

A

pertaining to the colon

205
Q

colorectal

A

pertaining to the colon and rectum

206
Q

cystic

A

pertaining to the gallbladder

207
Q

dental

A

pertaining to the teeth

208
Q

duodenal

A

pertaining to the duodenum

209
Q

enteric

A

pertaining to the small intestine

210
Q

esophageal

A

pertaining to the esophagus

211
Q

gastric

A

pertaining to the stomach

212
Q

jejunal

A

pertaining to the jejunum

213
Q

labial

A

pertaining to the lips

214
Q

lingual

A

pertaining to the tongue

215
Q

nasogastric

A

pertaining to the nose and stomach

216
Q

oral

A

pertaining to the mouth

217
Q

pancreatic

A

pertaining to the pancreas

218
Q

periodontal

A

pertaining to around the teeth

219
Q

pharyngeal

A

pertaining to the pharynx

220
Q

pyloric

A

pertaining to the pylorus

221
Q

rectal

A

pertaining to the rectum

222
Q

sigmoidal

A

pertaining to the sigmoid colon

223
Q

sublingual

A

pertaining to under the tongue

224
Q

submandibular

A

pertaining to under the mandible

225
Q

hematochezia

A

passing bright red blood in the stool

226
Q

melena

A

passage of dark tarry stool due to digested blood

227
Q

jaundice

A

yellow cast to skin due to failure of the liver

228
Q

polyphagia

A

excessive eating

229
Q

postprandial

A

after a meal

230
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

condition in which acid from the stomach flows backward into the esophagus, causing inflammation and pain

231
Q

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A

disturbance in the function of the intestine from unknown causes

232
Q

esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

A

use of flexible fiberoptic scope to visualize the esophagus, stomach, and beginning, of the duodenum

233
Q

body mass index (BMI)

A

method of determining whether a person’s weight is healthy

234
Q

GI

A

gastrointestinal

235
Q

IBD

A

inflammatory bowel disease

AHS 102 003 Med Term (13 decks)

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