Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AHS 102 003 Med Term > Chapter 8: Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

the digestive system ____________ and ___________ breaks down food and absorbs nutrients in the body

A

mechanically and chemically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

organs and accessory structures of the digestive system include:

A
  • anus
  • esophagus
  • gallbladder
  • large intestine
  • liver
  • mouth
  • oral cavity
  • pancreas
  • pharynx
  • salivary glands
  • small intestine
  • stomach
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

an/o

A

anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

append/o

A

appendix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

appendic/o

A

appendix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

bar/o

A

weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

bucc/o

A

cheek

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cec/o

A

cecum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cholangi/o

A

bile duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

chol/e

A

bile, gall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

choledoch/o

A

common bile duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cirrh/o

A

yellow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

col/o

A

colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

colon/o

A

colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

dent/o

A

tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

diverticul/o

A

pouch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

enter/o

A

small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

gingiv/o

A

gums

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

gloss/o

A

tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

ile/o

A

ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

labi/o

A

lip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

lapar/o

A

abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

lingu/o

A

tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

lith/o

A

stone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

odont/o

A

tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

or/o

A

mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

palat/o

A

palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

polyp/o

A

polyp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

proct/o

A

anus and rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

pylor/o

A

pylorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

pyr/o

A

fire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

sialaden/o

A

salivary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

-emesis

A

vomit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

-emetic

A

pertaining to vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

-iatric

A

pertaining to medical treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

-istry

A

speciality of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

-lithiasis

A

condition of stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

-orexia

A

appetite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

-pepsia

A

digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

-phagia

A

eat, swallow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

-prandial

A

pertaining to a meal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

-tripsy

A

surgical crushing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

most digestive organs are actually distinct section of the gut tube and those are:

A
  • oral cavity
  • pharynx
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • small intestine
  • large intestine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

accessory organs involved in the digestive process but not part of the continuous gut tube

A
  • salivary glands
  • pancreas
  • liver
  • gallbladder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

accessory organs are connected to the gut by

A

ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

the digestive system has three main functions

A

1- physical and chemical breakdown of food into smaller nutrient molecules
2- absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream
3- elimination of any food that is not digested or absorbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

the ______________ is the first portion of the continuous gut tube

A

oral cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

the ________ mechanically break down food

A

teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

the ________ moves food and mixes it with saliva

A

tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

saliva contains _________________ and __________ food

A

digestive enzymes and lubricates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

_______________ detect the five main flavors

A

taste buds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

the __________ is the roof of the oral cavity

A

palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

the bony anterior portion is the

A

hard palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

the flexible posterior portion is the

A

soft palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

the _______ hangs from the soft palate, where it is involved in speech production and the gag reflex

A

uvula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

the ________ are the lateral walls of the oral cavity

A

cheeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

the ______ are the anterior opening of the oral cavity

A

lips

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

the entire oral cavity is lined with

A

mucous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

a portion of the mucous membrane forms _________ or _________

A

gums or gingiva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

the teeth in the front of the mouth ______, ________, and ______ food

A

bite, tear, and cut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

the teeth toward the back of the mouth _______ and ______ food into finer pieces

A

grind and crush

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

teeth in front:

A
  • incisors
  • cuspids (canines)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

teeth in back:

A
  • bicuspids (premolars)
  • molars
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

all teeth consist of 2 main parts

A
  • crown
  • root
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

the crown lies ________ the gum line

A

above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

the root lies _________ the gum line

A

below

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

the root is anchored in the jaw by ____________ and ____________ ligaments

A

cementum and periodontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

the crown is covered by

A

hard enamel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

the bulk of the tooth is made of

A

dentin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

the hollow interior is the _______ __________ in the crown and root canal in the root

A

pulp cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

cavities contain soft tissue made up of ___________, _________, and ___________

A

blood vessels, nerves, lymph vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

humans have __ sets of teeth

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

the _______________ teeth erupt between the ages of 6 and 28 months

A

20 deciduous (baby)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

around age 6, the deciduous teeth begin to be replaced by the ____________________

A

32 permanent teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

eruption of the permanent teeth continues until around ages

A

18-20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

after the oral cavity, the next portion of the digestive tract is the

A

pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

food first passes through the _____________, then progresses through the ______________

A

oropharynx/laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

the ___________ is a flap that prevents swallowed food from entering the respiratory tract

A

epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

the _____________ is a muscular tube that is about 10 inches long in most adults

A

esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

the esophagus carries food through the ______________ cavity and into the _______________ cavity, where it enters the ___________

A

thoracic cavity/ abdominal cavity/ stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

food is propelled through the esophagus by wavelike contractions called

A

peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

the stomach churns food with ________________ and other gastric juices to form _________

A

hydrochloric acids/ chyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

the stomach consists of 3 parts

A

1- fundus (upper portion)
2- body (main portion)
3- antrum (lower portion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

folds called _______ line the entire stomach

A

rugae

96
Q

2 muscular valves called sphincters control the flow of food through the stomach

A
  • cardiac sphincter
  • pyloric sphincter
97
Q

the _________________ allows food to pass from the esophagus to the fundus

A

cardiac sphincter

98
Q

the _________________ regulates passage of chyme from the antrum to the small intestine

A

pyloric sphincter

99
Q

the __________________ is the longest part of the gut tube, extending from the pyloric sphincter in the colon

A

small intestine

100
Q

the small intestine is the

A

major site of digestion and absorption of nutrients

101
Q

projections called _______ make the lining in the small intestines highly efficient at absorption

A

villi

102
Q

__________ on the surface of individual cells further increase absorptive ability

A

microvilli

103
Q

the small intestine has 3 sections

A

1- duodenum
2- jejunum
3- ileum

104
Q

the duodenum is _______ inches long and begins at the ___________ sphincter

A

10-12 inches/ pyloric

105
Q

the jejunum is _________ feet long and extends from the _____________ to the ileum

A

8 / duodenum

106
Q

the ileum is _________ long and connects to the coloin via the _______________

A

12 feet long/ ileocecal valve

107
Q

from the small intestine, any remaining fluid enters the

A

large intestine

108
Q

the remaining material is solid waste– also called

A

feces or stool

109
Q

feces are evacuated from the body via

A

bowel movements

110
Q

the large intestine is _________ long

A

5 feet

111
Q

the large intestine begins at the ____________ and ends at the ________

A

ileocecal valve/ anus

112
Q

the ________ is a saclike area in the first 2-3 inches of the large intestine

A

cecum

113
Q

the ___________ appendix is located at the end of the cecum

A

vermiform

114
Q

the colon consists of four regions

A
  • ascending colon
  • transverse colon
  • descending colon
  • sigmoid colon
115
Q

__________________ extends upward on the right side of the abdomen

A

ascending colon

116
Q

__________________ travels horizontally across the upper abdomen

A

transverse colon

117
Q

_________________ travels down the left side of the abdomen

A

descending colon

118
Q

______________ curves in an S-shape to the midline of the body

A

sigmoid colon

119
Q

the rectum stores

A

feces

120
Q

the rectum leads to the _____________, which ends at the anal sphincter

A

anal canal

121
Q

the _______________ is the external opening of the digestive tract

A

anal sphincter

122
Q

the anal sphincter consists of rings of __________ that control the process of defecation

A

muscles

123
Q

accessory organs include

A
  • salivary glands
  • liver
  • pancreas
  • gallbladder
124
Q

the salivary glands produce

A

saliva

125
Q

saliva mixes with chewed food to form a _________ that is easier to swallow

A

bolus

126
Q

saliva also contains _________, an enzyme that begins the breakdown of carbohydrates

A

amylase

127
Q

3 pairs of salivary glands

A
  • parotid glands
  • sublingual glands
  • submandibular glands
128
Q

the parotid glands are located

A

in front of the ears

129
Q

the sublingual glands are located

A

in the floor of the mouth

130
Q

the submandibular glands are located

A

in the floor of the mouth

131
Q

the liver is located in which quadrant?

A

right upper quadrant of the abdomen

132
Q

functions of the liver

A
  • processing absorbed nutrients
  • detoxifying harmful substances
  • producing bile
133
Q

the gallbladder lies under the ________ and stores ________

A

liver/bile

134
Q

bile reaches the gallbladder by way of the _________ and _________ ducts

A

hepatic and cystic

135
Q

the pancreas connects to the duodenum via the

A

pancreatic duct

136
Q

pancreatic enzymes chemically digest _______________, ________, and ______________

A

carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

137
Q

the pancreas is also an endocrine gland that produces _________ and _________, which regulate blood glucose levels

A

insulin and glucagon

138
Q

an/o

A

anus

139
Q

append/o

A

appendix

140
Q

appendic/o

A

appendix

141
Q

bar/o

A

weight

142
Q

bucc/o

A

cheek

143
Q

carcin/o

A

cancer

144
Q

cec/o

A

cecum

145
Q

chol/e

A

bile

146
Q

cholangi/o

A

bile duct

147
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

148
Q

choledoch/o

A

common bile duct

149
Q

cirrh/o

A

yellow

150
Q

col/o

A

colon

151
Q

colon/o

A

colon

152
Q

cutane/o

A

skin

153
Q

cyst/o

A

sac

154
Q

dent/o

A

tooth

155
Q

diverticul/o

A

pouch

156
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum

157
Q

enter/o

A

small intestine

158
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

159
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

160
Q

gingiv/o

A

gums

161
Q

gloss/o

A

tongue

162
Q

hem/o

A

blood

163
Q

hemat/o

A

blood

164
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

165
Q

ile/o

A

ileum

166
Q

inguin/o

A

groin

167
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum

168
Q

labi/o

A

lip

169
Q

lapar/o

A

abdomen

170
Q

lingu/o

A

tongue

171
Q

lith/o

A

stone

172
Q

mandibul/o

A

mandible

173
Q

nas/o

A

nose

174
Q

ordont/o

A

straight

175
Q

or/o

A

mouth

176
Q

orth/o

A

straight

177
Q

palat/o

A

palate

178
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

179
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx

180
Q

polyp/o

A

polyp

181
Q

proct/o

A

anus and rectum

182
Q

pylor/o

A

pylorus

183
Q

pyr/o

A

fire

184
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

185
Q

sialaden/o

A

salivary gland

186
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

187
Q

ven/o

A

vein

188
Q

-iatric

A

pertaining to medical treatment

189
Q

-istry

A

speciality of

190
Q

-lithiasis

A

condition of stones

191
Q

-orexia

A

appetite

192
Q

-ostomy

A

surgically create an opening

193
Q

-pepsia

A

digestion

194
Q

-pexy

A

surgical fixation

195
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

196
Q

-prandial

A

pertaining to a meal

197
Q

-ptosis

A

drooping

198
Q

-tripsy

A

surgical crushing

199
Q

retro-

A

backward

200
Q

anal

A

pertaining to the anus

201
Q

buccal

A

pertaining to the cheeks

202
Q

buccolabial

A

pertaining to the cheeks and lips

203
Q

cecal

A

pertaining to the cecum

204
Q

cholecystic

A

pertaining to the gallbladder

205
Q

colonic

A

pertaining to the colon

206
Q

colorectal

A

pertaining to the colon and rectum

207
Q

cystic

A

pertaining to the gallbladder

208
Q

dental

A

pertaining to the teeth

209
Q

duodenal

A

pertaining to the duodenum

210
Q

enteric

A

pertaining to the small intestine

211
Q

esophageal

A

pertaining to the esophagus

212
Q

gastric

A

pertaining to the stomach

213
Q

jejunal

A

pertaining to the jejunum

214
Q

labial

A

pertaining to the lips

215
Q

lingual

A

pertaining to the tongue

216
Q

nasogastric

A

pertaining to the nose and stomach

217
Q

oral

A

pertaining to the mouth

218
Q

pancreatic

A

pertaining to the pancreas

219
Q

periodontal

A

pertaining to around the teeth

220
Q

pharyngeal

A

pertaining to the pharynx

221
Q

pyloric

A

pertaining to the pylorus

222
Q

rectal

A

pertaining to the rectum

223
Q

sigmoidal

A

pertaining to the sigmoid colon

224
Q

sublingual

A

pertaining to under the tongue

225
Q

submandibular

A

pertaining to under the mandible

226
Q

hematochezia

A

passing bright red blood in the stool

227
Q

melena

A

passage of dark tarry stool due to digested blood

228
Q

jaundice

A

yellow cast to skin due to failure of the liver

229
Q

polyphagia

A

excessive eating

230
Q

postprandial

A

after a meal

231
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

condition in which acid from the stomach flows backward into the esophagus, causing inflammation and pain

232
Q

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A

disturbance in the function of the intestine from unknown causes

233
Q

esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

A

use of flexible fiberoptic scope to visualize the esophagus, stomach, and beginning, of the duodenum

234
Q

body mass index (BMI)

A

method of determining whether a person’s weight is healthy

235
Q

GI

A

gastrointestinal

236
Q

IBD

A

inflammatory bowel disease

AHS 102 003 Med Term (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions