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AHS 102 003 Med Term > Chapter 2: Body Organization and Medical Care > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Body Organization and Medical Care Flashcards

1
Q

Levels in the body

A
  • cell
  • tissue
  • organ
  • organ system
  • body
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2
Q

abdomin/o

A

abdomen

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3
Q

adip/o

A

fat

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4
Q

aer/o

A

air

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5
Q

anter/o

A

front

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6
Q

brachi/o

A

arm

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7
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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8
Q

caud/o

A

tail

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9
Q

cephal/o

A

head

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10
Q

cervic/o

A

neck

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11
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

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12
Q

crani/o

A

skull

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13
Q

crin/o

A

to secrete

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14
Q

crur/o

A

leg

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15
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

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16
Q

dermat/o

A

skin

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17
Q

dist/o

A

away from

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18
Q

dors/o

A

back of body

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19
Q

epitheli/o

A

epithelium

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20
Q

eti/o

A

cause

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21
Q

glute/o

A

buttock

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22
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

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23
Q

infer/o

A

below

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24
Q

inguin/o

A

groin

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25
Q

later/o

A

side

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26
Q

lumb/o

A

loin or low back

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27
Q

lymph/o

A

lymph

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28
Q

medi/o

A

middle

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29
Q

muscul/o

A

muscle

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30
Q

nucle/o

A

nucleus

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31
Q

orth/o

A

straight, upright

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32
Q

ox/o

A

oxygen

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33
Q

pariet/o

A

cavity wall

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34
Q

ped/o

A

child, foot

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35
Q

pelv/o

A

pelvis

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36
Q

peritone/o

A

peritoneum

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37
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura

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38
Q

poster/o

A

back

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39
Q

proct/o

A

rectum and anus

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40
Q

proxim/o

A

near to

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41
Q

pub/o

A

genital region

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42
Q

pulmon/o

A

lung

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43
Q

somat/o

A

body

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44
Q

spin/o

A

spine

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45
Q

super/o

A

above

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46
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

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47
Q

ur/o, urin/o

A

urine

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48
Q

vascul/o

A

blood vessel

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49
Q

ventr/o

A

belly

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50
Q

vertebr/o

A

vertebrae

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51
Q

viscer/o

A

internal organ

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52
Q

Individual cells perform functions

A
  • reproduction
  • hormone secretion
  • energy production
  • excretion
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53
Q

Special cells carry out these functions

A

muscle contraction and nerve pulse transmission

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54
Q

2 types of mature cells

A

1- somatic cells
2- gametes

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55
Q

Somatic cells

A

the vast majority of cells in the body; each carries the full 46 chromosomes

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56
Q

Gametes

A

reproductive cells; carry only 23 chromosomes

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57
Q

Stem cells

A

the ability to differentiate into any other type of cell in the body

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58
Q

4 types of tissue

A
  • muscle
  • epithelial
  • connective
  • nervous
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59
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A
  • skeletal muscle is attached to bone
  • smooth muscle (visceral) is found in organs
  • cardiac muscle is found in the heart
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60
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

forms the lining of internal organs and the skin

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61
Q

Epithelial tissue is made of close-packed cells that do 4 things

A
  • protect (skin)
  • absorb (lining of intestine)
  • secrete (sweat glands)
  • excrete wastes (kidney tubules)
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62
Q

Connective Tissue

A

supports and protects the body

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63
Q

Different forms of connective tissue

A
  • adipose
  • bone
  • cartilage
  • tendons
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64
Q

Nervous tissue

A

composed of cells called neurons, form in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves

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65
Q

Integumentary system

A

forms a two-way barrier, aids in temperature regulation

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66
Q

Organs in the integumentary system

A
  • skin
  • hair
  • nails
  • sweat glands
  • sebaceous glands
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67
Q

Musculoskeletal System

A

supports and protects the body; forms blood cells and stores minerals; produces movement

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68
Q

Organs in the musculoskeletal system include

A
  • bones
  • joints
  • muscles
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69
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

pumps blood to transport nutrients, oxygen, and wastes

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70
Q

Organs in the cardiovascular system include

A
  • heart
  • arteries
  • veins
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71
Q

Blood (Hematic) System

A

transports oxygen, protects against pathogens, and controls bleeding

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72
Q

Blood system includes

A
  • plasma
  • erythrocytes
  • leukocytes
  • platelets
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73
Q

Lymphatic system

A

protects the body from disease and invasion by pathogens

74
Q

Organs in the lymphatic system include

A
  • lymph nodes
  • lymphatic vessels
  • spleen
  • thymus gland
  • tonsils
75
Q

Respiratory system

A

brings oxygen into and takes carbon dioxide out of the body

76
Q

Organs in the respiratory system include

A
  • nasal cavity
  • pharynx
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • bronchial tubes
  • lungs
77
Q

Gastrointestinal system

A

ingests, digests, and absorbs nutrients

78
Q

Organs in the gastrointestinal system include

A
  • oral cavity
  • pharynx
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • small and large intestine
  • liver
  • gallbladder
  • pancreas
  • salivary glands
79
Q

Urinary system

A

filters wastes from blood and removes them from the body

80
Q

Organs in the urinary system include

A
  • kidneys
  • ureters
  • urinary bladder
  • urethra
81
Q

Female Reproductive system

A

produces eggs and provides for the growing baby; nourishes infant

82
Q

Organs in the female reproductive system include

A
  • ovaries
  • fallopian tubes
  • uterus
  • vagina
  • vulva
  • breasts
83
Q

Male reproductive system

A

produces sperm

84
Q

Organs in the male reproductive system include

A
  • testes
  • epididymis
  • vas deferens
  • penis
  • seminal vesicles
  • prostate gland
  • bulbourethral gland
85
Q

Endocrine system

A

regulates metabolic activity

86
Q

Organs in the endocrine system include

A
  • pituitary gland
  • pineal gland
  • thyroid gland
  • parathyroid gland
  • thymus
  • adrenal glands
  • pancreas
  • ovaries
  • testes
87
Q

Nervous system

A

receives sensory information from the body; coordinates response to that information

88
Q

Organs in the nervous system include

A
  • brain
  • spinal cord
  • nerves
89
Q

The anatomical position

A
  • standing erect and looking ahead
  • has hands at sides and palms forward
  • has legs parallel and feet and toes forward
90
Q

3 body planes

A
  • sagittal plane
  • frontal plane
  • transverse plane
91
Q

Sagittal plane (median plane or midsagittal plane)

A

divides the body into left and right portions

92
Q

Frontal plane (coronal plane)

A

divides the body into front and back portions

93
Q

Transverse plane

A

divides the body into upper and lower portions

94
Q

Cross-section

A

produced by a slice perpendicular to the long axis of a structure

95
Q

Longitudinal section

A

produced by a lengthwise slice along the long axis of a structure

96
Q

Abdominal

A

abdomen; on anterior side of trunk

97
Q

Brachial

A

upper extremities or arms

98
Q

Cephalic

A

head

99
Q

Cervical

A

neck; connects head to trunk

100
Q

Crural

A

lower extremities or legs

101
Q

Dorsum

A

back; on posterior side of trunk

102
Q

Gluteal

A

buttocks; on posterior side of trunk

103
Q

Pelvic

A

pelvis; on anterior side of trunk

104
Q

Pubic

A

region containing external genitals; on anterior side of trunk

105
Q

Thoracic

A

chest; on anterior side of trunk; also called thorax

106
Q

Trunk

A

contains all body regions other than head, neck, and extremities; also called torso

107
Q

Vertebral

A

overlies spinal column or vertebrae; on posterior side

108
Q

2 dorsal cavities

A
  • cranial cavity contains the brain
  • The spinal cavity contains the spinal cord
109
Q

Thoracic cavity

A
  • lungs
  • mediastinum
  • contains the heart, aorta, esophagus, trachea, and thymus gland
110
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A
  • divided into the abdominal and pelvic cavities
  • contains the digestive, excretory, and reproductive organs
111
Q

Parietal layer

A

lines the cavities

112
Q

Visceral layer

A

contacts the viscera

113
Q

The abdominopelvic cavity sac is known as

A

the peritoneum

114
Q

Pleural cavity

A

surrounds the lungs

115
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

surrounds the heart

116
Q

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)

A
  • liver (majority)
  • right kidney
  • colon
  • pancreas (small portion)
  • gall bladder
  • small intestine
117
Q

Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)

A
  • liver (small portion)
  • spleen
  • left kidney
  • stomach
  • colon
  • pancreas (majority)
  • small intestine
118
Q

Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)

A
  • colon
  • small intestine
  • right ureter
  • appendix
  • right ovary
  • right fallopian tube
119
Q

Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

A
  • colon
  • small intestine
  • left ureter
  • left ovary
  • left fallopian tube
120
Q

Midline area

A
  • bladder
  • uterus
  • prostate
121
Q

Superior or cephalic

A

more toward the head or above another structure

122
Q

Inferior or caudal

A

more toward the feet or below another structure

123
Q

Anterior or ventral

A

more toward the front or belly-side of the body

124
Q

Posterior or dorsal

A

more toward the back or spinal cord side of the body

125
Q

Medial

A

more toward the middle or midline of the body

126
Q

Lateral

A

more toward the side of the body

127
Q

Proximal

A

nearer to the point of attachment to the body

128
Q

Distal

A

farther away from the point of attachment to the body

129
Q

Apex

A

the tip or summit of an organ

130
Q

Base

A

the bottom or lower part of an organ

131
Q

Superficial

A

more toward the surface of the body

132
Q

Deep

A

further away from the surface of the body

133
Q

Supine

A

lying horizontally facing upward

134
Q

Prone

A

lying horizontally facing downward

135
Q

Etiology

A

describing what causes a disease

136
Q

Pathogenesis

A

describing how the disease develops

137
Q

Disease

A

characterized by an abnormal and harmful functioning of cells, tissues, organs, or body systems

138
Q

Disorder

A

an irregularity in normal functioning as a result of having a disease

139
Q

Syndrome

A

a group of signs and symptoms occurring together that may point to a particular disease

140
Q

Signs

A

objective evidence of abnormalities

141
Q

Symptoms

A

subjective and felt only by the patient

142
Q

Diagnosis

A

identifying a disease

143
Q

Diagnostic procedures

A

clinical laboratory tests or diagnostic images

144
Q

Prognosis

A

expected course and outcome for a given diagnosis; therapeutic procedures

145
Q

AP

A

anteriorposterior

146
Q

CV

A

cardiovascular

147
Q

Derm, derm

A

dermatology

148
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

149
Q

DX, Dx, dx

A

diagnosis

150
Q

ENT

A

ear, nose, and throat

151
Q

GI

A

gastrointestinal

152
Q

GYN

A

gynecology

153
Q

lat

A

lateral

154
Q

LE

A

lower extremity

155
Q

LLQ

A

left lower quadrant

156
Q

LUQ

A

left upper quadrant

157
Q

MS

A

musculoskeletal

158
Q

OB

A

obstetrics

159
Q

PA

A

posterioranterior

160
Q

Path

A

pathology

161
Q

PX, Px

A

prognosis

162
Q

RLQ

A

right lower quadrant

163
Q

RUQ

A

right upper quadrant

164
Q

S/S, S/Sx

A

signs and symptoms

165
Q

SX, Sx

A

symptoms

166
Q

UE

A

upper extremity

167
Q

Integumentary system specialty

A

dermatology

168
Q

Musculoskeletal system specialty

A

orthopedics

169
Q

Cardiovascular system specialty

A

cardiology

170
Q

Hematic system specialty

A

hematology

171
Q

Lymphatic system specialty

A

immunology

172
Q

Respiratory system specialty

A
  • otorhinolaryngology
  • pulmonology
  • thoracic surgery
173
Q

Gastrointestinal system specialty

A
  • gastroenterology
  • proctology
174
Q

Urinary system specialty

A
  • nephrology
  • urology
175
Q

Female Reproductive system specialty

A
  • gynecology
  • obstetrics
176
Q

Male reproductive system specialty

A

urology

177
Q

Endocrine system specialty

A

endocrinology

178
Q

Nervous system specialty

A
  • neurology
  • neurosurgery
179
Q

Special sense: eyes specialty

A

ophthalmology

180
Q

Special sense: ear specialty

A

otorhinolaryngology

AHS 102 003 Med Term (4 decks)

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