Chapter 7: Respiratory System Flashcards
the organs of the respiratory system are responsible for 3 things
1- bringing fresh air into the lungs
2- exchanging oxygen for carbon dioxide
3- exhaling stale air
organs of the respiratory system
- nasal cavity
- pharynx
- larynx
- trachea
- bronchial tubes
- lungs
aer/o
air
alveol/o
alveolus
anthrac/o
coal
atel/o
incomplete
bronch/o
bronchus
bronchiol/o
bronchiole
coni/o
dust
cyan/o
blue
cyst/o
sac, bladder
diaphragmat/o
diaphragm
epiglott/o
epiglottis
hal/o
to breathe
laryng/o
larynx
lob/o
lobe
muc/o
mucus
nas/o
nose
ox/o, ox/i
oxygen
pharyng/o
pharynx
pleur/o
pleura
pneum/o
lung, air
pneumon/o
lung, air
pulmon/o
lung
rhin/o
nose
sept/o
wall
sinus/o
sinus
somn/o
sleep
spir/o
breathing
trache/o
trachea, windpipe
tuss/o
cough
-capnia
carbon dioxide
-osmia
smell
-phonia
voice
-phylaxis
protection
-pnea
breathing
-ptysis
spitting
-thorax
chest
what 2 systems work together on gas exchange
respiratory and cardiovascular systems
respiration must be
continuous
respiration is divided into 3 parts
1- ventilation
2- external respiration
3- internal respiration
ventilation is the
flow of air between the outside environment and the lungs in 2 stages
2 stages of the ventilation of the lungs
1- inhalation
2- exhalation
inhalation
the flow of air into the lungs, bringing fresh oxygen into the air sacs
exhalation
the flow of air out of the lungs, removing carbon dioxide
external respiration
the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs
oxygen leaves __________ and enters ________________
air sacs/ the bloodstream
carbon dioxide leaves _________________ and enters ______________
the bloodstream/ air sacs
internal respiration
the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the cellular level
oxygen is needed for _______ ________________
cell metabolism
oxygen leaves the _________________ and is delivered to the ___________
bloodstream/ tissues
carbon dioxide is a __________ ______________
waste product
carbon dioxide leaves the _________ and enters the _________________ for ____________ by the lungs
tissues/ bloodstream/ disposal
air enters the nasal cavity at the ________
nares
the nasal cavity is divided by the _________ ____________
nasal septum
the ____________ separates the nasal cavity from the mouth
palate
_______ ______________ lines the cavity and secretes __________
mucous membrane/ mucus
function of mucus
cleans air by trapping particles
_____________ in the membrane warm the air as it passes through
capillaries
______ line nasal opening and filter air
cilia
___________ ___________ aid in sound production and voice resonance
paranasal sinuses
the pharynx has both _________________ and _________________ functions
respiratory and digestive
the pharynx is ___ inches long
5
the pharynx is divided into
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
the _________ are located in the pharynx and capture pathogens
tonsils
the opening of the eustachian tube is in the _____________
nasopharynx
the larynx is a _____________ structure between the ____________ and the __________
muscular/ pharynx/ trachea
the larynx contains the _________ _________
vocal cords
the ________ is an opening between the folds of the larynx
glottis
the _____________ prevents food and liquid from being inhaled into the lungs
epiglottis
the larynx is made of _________________ plates held in place with ligaments and muscles
cartilaginous
the trachea is a tube composed of _________ and _________
smooth muscle and cartilage rings
the trachea carries
air from the larynx to the main bronchi
the trachea is lined with _____________ and ______
mucous membrane and cilia
the mucous membrane within the trachea aids in
cleaning, warming, and moisturizing air as it travels to the lungs
the narrowest branches of the bronchial tubes are
bronchioles
bronchioles terminate in
alveoli
_____________ capillaries encase alveoli
pulmonary
gas exchange occurs in the
pulmonary capillaries
each lung is a total collection of _________, _____________, and ____________
bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
the lungs are protected by the
pleura
outer layer that lines the chest activity
parietal pleura
inner layer that adheres to the lung surface
visceral pleura
the pleura forms a sac around each lung called the
pleural cavity
each lung is divided into
lobes
the right lung has ____ lobes
three
the left lung has ____ lobes
two
the ________ _______ is the entry and exit point for bronchi, vessels, and nerves
medial hilum
measurement of the volume of air within the lungs determines
lung capacity
a respiratory therapist measures lung volume using
pulmonary function tests
tidal volume (TV)
volume of air moving in and out of lungs in a single relaxed breath
inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal inhalation
expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal exhalation
residual volume (RV)
volume of air remaining in lungs after a forced exhalation
inspiratory capacity (IC)
the volume of air inhaled after a normal exhalation
functional residual capacity (FRC)
amount of air that remains in the lungs after a normal exhalation
vital capacity (VC)
volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation; equal to TV+IRV+ERV
total lung capacity (TLC)
volume of air in the lungs after a maximal inhalation
the diaphragm produces a difference in ___________ and _________ pressure
atmospheric and thoracic
when the diaphragm contracts, it increases __________ ________ and decreases _________ _________
thoracic volume/ thoracic pressure
unforced breaths are
passive
forced breaths are
active
respiratory rate in breaths per minute is one of the
vital signs
rate is regulated by _____________ in the blood
CO
when the carbon dioxide level is high, breathing is _______ to expel the waste
rapid
newborn’s RPM
30-60
1-year-old’s RPM
18-30
16-year-old’s RPM
16-20
adult’s RPM
12-20
aer/o
air
alveol/o
alveolus
angi/o
vessel
anthrac/o
coal
arteri/o
artery
atel/o
incomplete
bar/o
weight
bi/o
life
bronch/o
bronchus
bronchi/o
bronchus
bronchiol/o
bronchiole
carcin/o
cancer
cardi/o
heart
coni/o
dust
cortic/o
outer layer
cyan/o
blue
cyst/o
cyst, bladder
cyt/o
cell
diaphragmat/o
diaphragm
embol/o
plug
epiglott/o
epiglottis
fibr/o
fibers
hem/o
blood
hist/o
tissue
laryng/o
larynx
lob/o
lobe
muc/o
mucus
myc/o
fungus
nas/o
nose
orth/o
straight
ot/o
ear
ox/i
oxygen
ox/o
oxygen
pharyng/o
pharynx
pleur/o
pleura
pneum/o
air
pneumon/o
lung
pulmon/o
lung
py/o
pus
rhin/o
nose
sept/o
wall
sinus/o
sinus
somn/o
sleep
spir/o
breathing
thorac/o
chest
trache/o
trachea
tuss/o
cough
-al
pertaining to
-algia
pain
-ar
pertaining to
-ary
pertaining to
-capnia
carbon dioxide
-centesis
puncture to withdraw fluid
-dynia
pain
-eal
pertaining to
-ectasis
dilation
-ectomy
surgical removal
-emia
blood condition
-genic
produced by
-gram
record
-graphy
process of recording
-ia
condition
-ic
pertaining to
-ism
state of
-itis
inflammation
-logy
study of
-lytic
destruction
-meter
instrument to measure
-metry
process of measuring
-oma
tumor
-ory
pertaining to
-osis
abnormal condition
-osmia
smell
-ostomy
surgically create opening
-otomy
cutting into
-ous
pertaining to
-phonia
voice
-phylaxis
protection
-plasm
formation
-plasty
surgical repair
-plegia
paralysis
-pnea
breathing
-ptysis
spitting
-rrhagia
abnormal flow condition
-rrhea
discharge
-scope
instrument for viewing
-scopy
process of visually examining
-spasm
involuntary muscle contraction
-stenosis
narrowing
-thorax
chest
-tic
pertaining to
dis-
apart from
endo-
within
eu-
normal
alveolar
pertaining to the alveoli
bronchial
pertaining to the bronchus
bronchiolar
pertaining to a bronchiole
diaphragmatic
pertaining to the diaphragm
epiglottic
pertaining to the epiglottis
laryngeal
pertaining to the larynx
lobar
pertaining to the lobe of the lung
mucous
pertaining to mucus
nasal
pertaining to the nose
nasopharyngeal
pertaining to the nose and pharynx
paranasal
pertaining to beside the nose
pharyngeal
pertaining to the pharynx
pleural
pertaining to the pleura
pulmonary
pertaining to the lung
septal
pertaining to the nasal septum
thoracic
pertaining to the chest
tracheal
pertaining to the trachea
epistaxis
a nosebleed
hemothorax
the presence of blood in the chest cavity
pertussis
whooping cough
adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
acute respiratory failure
cystic fibrosis (CF)
produces very thick mucus that causes severe congestion
pneumonia
inflammatory condition of the lungs
pulmonary edema
accumulation of an excessive amount of fluid in the lung tissues
pulmonary embolism (PE)
obstruction of the pulmonary artery by a floating blood clot
arterial blood gases (ABG)
test of oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood
CXR
chest x-ray
