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AHS 102 003 Med Term > Chapter 5: Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

functions of the cardiovascular system

A
  • distributing blood to all areas of the body
  • delivering needed substances to cells
  • removing wastes from cells
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2
Q

angi/o

A

vessel

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3
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

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4
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

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5
Q

arteriol/o

A

arteriole

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6
Q

ather/o

A

fatty substance

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7
Q

atri/o

A

atrium

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8
Q

coron/o

A

heart

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9
Q

embol/o

A

plug

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10
Q

fibrin/o

A

fibers

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11
Q

isch/o

A

to hold back

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12
Q

myocardi/o

A

heart muscle

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13
Q

phleb/o

A

vein

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14
Q

sept/o

A

wall

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15
Q

son/o

A

sound

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16
Q

sphygm/o

A

pulse

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17
Q

steth/o

A

chest

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18
Q

tele/o

A

distant

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19
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

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20
Q

valv/o

A

valve

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21
Q

valvul/o

A

valve

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22
Q

varic/o

A

dilated vein

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23
Q

vascul/o

A

blood vessel

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24
Q

vas/o

A

vessel

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25
Q

ven/o

A

vein

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26
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle

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27
Q

venul/o

A

venule

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28
Q

-cardia

A

heart condition

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29
Q

-manometer

A

instrument to measure pressure

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30
Q

-ole

A

small

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31
Q

-pressor

A

to press down

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32
Q

-spasm

A

involuntary muscle contraction

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33
Q

-tension

A

pressure

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34
Q

-tonic

A

pertaining to tone

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35
Q

-ule

A

small

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36
Q

di-

A

two

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37
Q

the circulatory system is divided into ________________ and ______________ circulations

A

pulmonary and systematic

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38
Q

systematic circulation

A

carries blood from heart to the body and from the body to the heart

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39
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

carries blood from the heart to the lungs and from the lungs to the heart

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40
Q

relaxation phase is

A

diastole

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41
Q

contraction phase is

A

systole

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42
Q

the contraction and relaxation of the heart are regulated by the ____________ system

A

conduction

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43
Q

the conduction system is under control of the ______________ nervous system

A

autonomic

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44
Q

the sinoatrial (SA) node

A
  • begins the electrical impulse
  • a wave of electricity moves from the SA node through the atria
  • causes atria to contract
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45
Q

the atrioventricular (AV) node is _________ after the SA contracts the atria

A

stimulated

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46
Q

the AV node transfers stimulation to the ______________________

A

atrioventricular (AV)

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47
Q

the electrical wave travels from the AV bundle down the _______________

A

bundle branches

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48
Q

the ___________________ in the ventricular myocardium are stimulated after the impulse travels through the atrioventricular bundle branches

A

Purkinje fibers; this causes the ventricles to contract

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49
Q

3 types of vessels

A

1- arteries
2- capillaries
3- veins

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50
Q

lumen

A

the channel within the blood vessels

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51
Q

arteries

A
  • large, thick-walled vessels that contract or relax
  • carry blood away from the heart
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52
Q

pulmonary arteries

A

goes to the lungs

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53
Q

aorta

A

goes to the body

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54
Q

coronary arteries

A

go to the myocardium of the heart

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55
Q

capillaries

A
  • a network of tiny, thin-walled blood vessels
  • they connect arteries and veins
  • oxygenated arterial blood flows in and deoxygenated venous blood flows out
  • carbon dioxide and wastes diffuse in and oxygen and nutrients diffuse out
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56
Q

veins

A
  • begin as venules that gradually merge and become larger
  • thin-walled, valvular vessels with low pressure
  • carry blood toward the heart
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57
Q

blood pressure

A

measures the force exerted by blood against vessel walls

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58
Q

during systole

A

blood is under a lot of pressure and gives the highest reading (120)

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59
Q

during diastole

A

blood is under little pressure and gives the lowest reading (80)

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60
Q

blood pressure may be affected by characteristics of the blood and the blood vessels

A
  • elasticity of arteries
  • diameter of blood vessels
  • viscosity of the blood
  • amount of resistance to blood flow
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61
Q

pulse

A

the surge of blood caused by the heart contraction

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62
Q

angi/o

A

vessel

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63
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

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64
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

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65
Q

ateriol/o

A

arteriole

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66
Q

ather/o

A

fatty substance

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67
Q

atri/o

A

atrium

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68
Q

coron/o

A

heart

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69
Q

corpor/o

A

body

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70
Q

cutane/o

A

skin

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71
Q

duct/o

A

to bring

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72
Q

electr/o

A

electricity

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73
Q

embol/o

A

plug

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74
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

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75
Q

fibrin/o

A

fibers

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76
Q

hem/o

A

blood

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77
Q

isch/o

A

to hold back

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78
Q

lip/o

A

fat

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79
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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80
Q

myocardi/o

A

heart muscle

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81
Q

orth/o

A

straight

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82
Q

pector/o

A

chest

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83
Q

peripher/o

A

away from center

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84
Q

phleb/o

A

vein

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85
Q

pulmon/o

A

lung

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86
Q

scler/o

A

hard

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87
Q

sept/o

A

wall

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88
Q

son/o

A

sound

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89
Q

sphygm/o

A

pulse

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90
Q

steth/o

A

chest

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91
Q

tele/o

A

distant

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92
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

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93
Q

valv/o

A

valve

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94
Q

valvul/o

A

valve

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95
Q

varic/o

A

dilated wein

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96
Q

vas/o

A

vessel

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97
Q

vascul/o

A

blood vessel

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98
Q

ven/o

A

vein

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99
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle

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100
Q

venul/o

A

venule

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101
Q

-ac

A

pertaining to

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102
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

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103
Q

-ar

A

pertaining to

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104
Q

-ary

A

pertaining to

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105
Q

-cardia

A

heart condition

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106
Q

-eal

A

pertaining to

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107
Q

-ectomy

A

surgical removal

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108
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

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109
Q

-gram

A

record

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109
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording

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110
Q

-ia

A

condition

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111
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

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112
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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113
Q

-logy

A

study of

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114
Q

-lytic

A

destruction

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115
Q

-manometer

A

instrument to measure pressure

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116
Q

-megaly

A

enlarged

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117
Q

-metry

A

process of measuring

118
Q

-ole

A

small

119
Q

-oma

A

mass

120
Q

-ose

A

pertaining to

121
Q

-ous

A

pertaining to

122
Q

-pathy

A

disease

123
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

124
Q

-pressor

A

to press down

125
Q

-rrhexis

A

surgical fixation

126
Q

-sclerosis

A

hardening

127
Q

-scope

A

instrument for viewing

128
Q

-spasm

A

involuntary muscle contraction

129
Q

-stenosis

A

narrowing

130
Q

-tension

A

pressure

131
Q

-therapy

A

treatment

132
Q

-tic

A

pertaining to

133
Q

-tonic

A

pertaining to tone

134
Q

-ule

A

small

135
Q

a-

A

without

136
Q

anti-

A

against

137
Q

brady-

A

slow

138
Q

de-

A

without

139
Q

endo-

A

inner

140
Q

extra-

A

outside of

141
Q

hyper-

A

excessive

142
Q

hypo-

A

insufficient

143
Q

inter-

A

between

144
Q

intra-

A

within

145
Q

per-

A

through

146
Q

peri-

A

around

147
Q

poly-

A

many

148
Q

pre-

A

before

149
Q

re-

A

again

150
Q

tachy-

A

fast

151
Q

tetra-

A

four

152
Q

trans-

A

across

153
Q

ultra-

A

beyond

154
Q

aortic

A

pertaining to the aorta

155
Q

aterial

A

pertaining to an artery

156
Q

ateriolar

A

pertaining to an arteriole

157
Q

atrial

A

pertaining to an atrium

158
Q

atrioventricular (AV, A-V)

A

pertaining to the atrium and ventricle

159
Q

cardiac

A

pertaining to the heart

160
Q

coronary

A

pertaining to the heart

161
Q

corporeal

A

pertaining to the body

162
Q

interatrial

A

pertaining to between the atria

163
Q

interventricular

A

pertaining to between the ventricles

164
Q

myocardial

A

pertaining to the heart muscle

165
Q

valvular

A

pertaining to a valve

166
Q

vascular

A

pertaining to a blood vessel

167
Q

venous

A

pertaining to a vein

168
Q

ventricular

A

pertaining to a ventricle

169
Q

venular

A

pertaining to a venule

170
Q

cardiology

A

study of the heart

171
Q

cardiovascular technologist/technician

A

healthcare professionals trained to perform a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures

172
Q

angiitis

A

inflammation of a vessel

173
Q

angiospasm

A

involuntary muscle contraction of smooth muscle in wall of a vessel; narrows vessel

174
Q

angiostenosis

A

narrowing of a vessel

175
Q

bruit

A

a harsh, abnormal sound heard during oscillation over an artery

176
Q

embolus

A

obstruction of blood vessel by blood clot

177
Q

hyperlipidemia

A

condition of having excessive levels of lipids (fats) in the bloodstream

178
Q

infarct

A

area of necrotic tissue due to blood loss of blood supply

179
Q

ischemia

A

local and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to a circularity obstruction

180
Q

murmur

A

a sound in addition to normal heart sounds; may or may not indicate abnormality

181
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up suddenly

182
Q

palpitations

A

pounding, racing heartbeats

183
Q

plaque

A

yellow, fatty deposit of lipids in an artery

184
Q

regurgitation

A

to flow backwards

185
Q

thrombus

A

blood clot within a blood vessel; map partially or completely occlude blood vessel

186
Q

angina pectoris

A

severe pain and sensation of constriction around heart

187
Q

cardiomegaly

A

an abnormally enlarged heart

188
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

myocardial disease

189
Q

congenital septal defect (CSD)

A

hole, present at birth, in heart septum

190
Q

congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

left ventricle muscle is too weak to efficiently pump blood

191
Q

coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

poor blood supply to heart muscle due to obstruction of coronary arteries

192
Q

endocarditis

A

inflammation of membranes lining the heart

193
Q

myocardial infarction (MI)

A

occlusion of coronary artery; heart attack

194
Q

myocarditis

A

inflammation of heart muscle layer

195
Q

pericarditis

A

inflammation of pericardial sac

196
Q

valvulitis

A

inflammation of a heart valve

197
Q

arrhythmia

A

irregularity in heartbeat or action

198
Q

bradycardia

A

condition of having a slow heart rate

199
Q

bundle branch block (BBB)

A

the electrical impulse is blocked from traveling down the bundle of HIS or bundle branches

200
Q

premature ventricular contraction (PVC)

A

ventricles contract earlier than they should

201
Q

fibrillation

A

serious arrhythmia characterized by abnormal quivering or contraction of heart fibers; may result in cardiac arrest

202
Q

premature atrial contraction (PAC)

A

atria contract earlier than they should

203
Q

aneurysm

A

weakness and ballooning of arterial wall

204
Q

tachycardia

A

condition of having a fast heart rate

205
Q

arteriorrhexis

A

a ruptured artery

206
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

hardening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls

207
Q

atheroma

A

deposit of a fatty substance in wall of artery, bulges into and narrows artery

208
Q

atherosclerosis

A

most common form of arteriosclerosis

209
Q

coarctation of the aorta (CoA)

A

severe congenital narrowing of aorta

210
Q

deep vein thrombosis

A

formation of blood clot in a vein deep in the body

211
Q

hemorrhoid

A

varicose veins in the anal region

212
Q

hypertension (HTN)

A

high blood pressure

213
Q

hypotension

A

decrease in blood pressure

214
Q

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

A

congenital heart anomaly where fetal connection between pulmonary artery and aorta fails to close at birth

215
Q

peripheral vascular disease (PVD)

A

abnormal condition affecting any blood vessel outside the heart

216
Q

phlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein

217
Q

auscultation

A

listening to sounds within body using stethoscope

218
Q

sphygmomanometer

A

blood pressure cuff

219
Q

stethoscope

A

instrument for listening to body sounds

220
Q

cardiac biomarkers

A

blood test determines level of proteins specific to heart muscles in the blood

221
Q

lipid panel

A

blood test to measure amount of lipids and triglycerides in blood

222
Q

angiography

A

x-rays taken after injection of opaque dye into blood vessel

223
Q

carotid ultrasonography

A

process of recording blood flow through the large carotid artery

224
Q

digital subtraction angiography

A

process of recording blood vessels after injection of contrast medium into bloodstream

225
Q

echocardiography (ECHO)

A

use of ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures

226
Q

thallium stress test

A

nuclear medicine procedure

227
Q

transesophageal echocardiography

A

process of recording cardiac structures taken through the esophagus by a swallowed ultrasound device

228
Q

catheter

A

flexible tube inserted in body to move fluids into or out of body

229
Q

electrocardiography

A

process of recording electrical activity of heart

230
Q

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A

procedure to restore cardiac output and oxygenated air for a person in cardiac arrest

231
Q

sclerotherapy

A

injection of salt solution to treat varicose veins

232
Q

thrombolytic therapy

A

use of drugs to dissolve clots and restore blood flow

233
Q

aneurysmectomy

A

surgical removal of an aneurysm

234
Q

atherectomy

A

surgical removal of an atheroma

235
Q

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

A

blood vessel from another location is grafted to route blood around a blocked coronary artery

236
Q

embolectomy

A

surgical removal of an embolus

237
Q

endarterectomy

A

surgical removal of diseased or damaged inner lining of artery

238
Q

extracorporeal circulation (ECC)

A

during open-heart surgery, the routing of blood outside of body to cardiopulmonary bypass machine so it can be oxygenated and pumped back into the rest of the body

239
Q

implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)

A

surgical procedure to place an electrical device that delivers electrical shock to heart to restore normal heart rhythm

240
Q

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

A

balloon catheter is inserted through skin into coronary artery

241
Q

valvoplasty

A

surgical repair of a heart valve

242
Q

AED

A

automated external defibrillator

243
Q

AF, A-fib

A

atrial fibrillation

244
Q

AMI

A

acute myocardial infarction

245
Q

AS

A

arteriosclerosis

246
Q

ASD

A

atrial septal defect

247
Q

ASHD

A

arteriosclerotic heart disease

248
Q

AV, A-V

A

atrioventricular

249
Q

BBB

A

bundle branch block

250
Q

BP

A

blood pressure

251
Q

bpm

A

beats per minute

252
Q

CABG

A

coronary artery bypass graft

253
Q

CAD

A

coronary artery disease

254
Q

cath

A

catheterization

255
Q

CCU

A

coronary care unit

256
Q

CHF

A

congestive heart failure

257
Q

CK

A

creatine kinase

258
Q

CoA

A

coarctation of the aorta

259
Q

CP

A

chest pain

260
Q

CPR

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

261
Q

CSD

A

congenital septal defect

262
Q

CV

A

cardiovascular

263
Q

DSA

A

digital subtraction angiography

264
Q

DVT

A

deep vein thrombosis

265
Q

ECC

A

extracorporeal circulation

266
Q

ECG, EKG

A

electrocardiogram

267
Q

ECHO

A

echocardiogram

268
Q

fib

A

fibrillation

269
Q

HDL

A

high-density lipoprotein

270
Q

health cath

A

cardiac catheterization

271
Q

HTN

A

hypertension

272
Q

ICD

A

implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

273
Q

ICU

A

intensive care unit

274
Q

LDL

A

low-density lipoprotein

275
Q

MI

A

myocardial infarction, mitral insufficiency

276
Q

mm Hg

A

millimeters of mercury

277
Q

MR

A

mitral regurgitation

278
Q

MS

A

mitral stenosis

279
Q

MVP

A

mitral valve prolapse

280
Q

P

A

pulse

281
Q

PAC

A

premature atrial contraction

282
Q

PDA

A

patent ductus arteriosus

283
Q

PTCA

A

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

284
Q

PVC

A

premature ventricular contraction

285
Q

PVD

A

peripheral vascular disease

286
Q

S1

A

first heart sound

287
Q

S2`

A

second heart sound

288
Q

SA, S-A

A

sinoatrial

289
Q

TEE

A

transesophageal echocardiography

290
Q

tPA

A

tissue plasminogen activator

291
Q

VF, V-fib

A

ventricular fibrillation

292
Q

VSD

A

ventricular septal defect

293
Q

VT, V-tech

A

ventricular tachycardia

AHS 102 003 Med Term (13 decks)

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