Chapter 5: Cardiovascular System Flashcards
functions of the cardiovascular system
- distributing blood to all areas of the body
- delivering needed substances to cells
- removing wastes from cells
angi/o
vessel
aort/o
aorta
arteri/o
artery
arteriol/o
arteriole
ather/o
fatty substance
atri/o
atrium
coron/o
heart
embol/o
plug
fibrin/o
fibers
isch/o
to hold back
myocardi/o
heart muscle
phleb/o
vein
sept/o
wall
son/o
sound
sphygm/o
pulse
steth/o
chest
tele/o
distant
thromb/o
clot
valv/o
valve
valvul/o
valve
varic/o
dilated vein
vascul/o
blood vessel
vas/o
vessel
ven/o
vein
ventricul/o
ventricle
venul/o
venule
-cardia
heart condition
-manometer
instrument to measure pressure
-ole
small
-pressor
to press down
-spasm
involuntary muscle contraction
-tension
pressure
-tonic
pertaining to tone
-ule
small
di-
two
the circulatory system is divided into ________________ and ______________ circulations
pulmonary and systematic
systematic circulation
carries blood from heart to the body and from the body to the heart
pulmonary circulation
carries blood from the heart to the lungs and from the lungs to the heart
relaxation phase is
diastole
contraction phase is
systole
the contraction and relaxation of the heart are regulated by the ____________ system
conduction
the conduction system is under control of the ______________ nervous system
autonomic
the sinoatrial (SA) node
- begins the electrical impulse
- a wave of electricity moves from the SA node through the atria
- causes atria to contract
the atrioventricular (AV) node is _________ after the SA contracts the atria
stimulated
the AV node transfers stimulation to the ______________________
atrioventricular (AV)
the electrical wave travels from the AV bundle down the _______________
bundle branches
the ___________________ in the ventricular myocardium are stimulated after the impulse travels through the atrioventricular bundle branches
Purkinje fibers; this causes the ventricles to contract
3 types of vessels
1- arteries
2- capillaries
3- veins
lumen
the channel within the blood vessels
arteries
- large, thick-walled vessels that contract or relax
- carry blood away from the heart
pulmonary arteries
goes to the lungs
aorta
goes to the body
coronary arteries
go to the myocardium of the heart
capillaries
- a network of tiny, thin-walled blood vessels
- they connect arteries and veins
- oxygenated arterial blood flows in and deoxygenated venous blood flows out
- carbon dioxide and wastes diffuse in and oxygen and nutrients diffuse out
veins
- begin as venules that gradually merge and become larger
- thin-walled, valvular vessels with low pressure
- carry blood toward the heart
blood pressure
measures the force exerted by blood against vessel walls
during systole
blood is under a lot of pressure and gives the highest reading (120)
during diastole
blood is under little pressure and gives the lowest reading (80)
blood pressure may be affected by characteristics of the blood and the blood vessels
- elasticity of arteries
- diameter of blood vessels
- viscosity of the blood
- amount of resistance to blood flow
pulse
the surge of blood caused by the heart contraction
angi/o
vessel
aort/o
aorta
arteri/o
artery
ateriol/o
arteriole
ather/o
fatty substance
atri/o
atrium
coron/o
heart
corpor/o
body
cutane/o
skin
duct/o
to bring
electr/o
electricity
embol/o
plug
esophag/o
esophagus
fibrin/o
fibers
hem/o
blood
isch/o
to hold back
lip/o
fat
my/o
muscle
myocardi/o
heart muscle
orth/o
straight
pector/o
chest
peripher/o
away from center
phleb/o
vein
pulmon/o
lung
scler/o
hard
sept/o
wall
son/o
sound
sphygm/o
pulse
steth/o
chest
tele/o
distant
thromb/o
clot
valv/o
valve
valvul/o
valve
varic/o
dilated wein
vas/o
vessel
vascul/o
blood vessel
ven/o
vein
ventricul/o
ventricle
venul/o
venule
-ac
pertaining to
-al
pertaining to
-ar
pertaining to
-ary
pertaining to
-cardia
heart condition
-eal
pertaining to
-ectomy
surgical removal
-emia
blood condition
-gram
record
-graphy
process of recording
-ia
condition
-ic
pertaining to
-itis
inflammation
-logy
study of
-lytic
destruction
-manometer
instrument to measure pressure
-megaly
enlarged