Chapter 5: Cardiovascular System Flashcards
functions of the cardiovascular system
- distributing blood to all areas of the body
- delivering needed substances to cells
- removing wastes from cells
angi/o
vessel
aort/o
aorta
arteri/o
artery
arteriol/o
arteriole
ather/o
fatty substance
atri/o
atrium
coron/o
heart
embol/o
plug
fibrin/o
fibers
isch/o
to hold back
myocardi/o
heart muscle
phleb/o
vein
sept/o
wall
son/o
sound
sphygm/o
pulse
steth/o
chest
tele/o
distant
thromb/o
clot
valv/o
valve
valvul/o
valve
varic/o
dilated vein
vascul/o
blood vessel
vas/o
vessel
ven/o
vein
ventricul/o
ventricle
venul/o
venule
-cardia
heart condition
-manometer
instrument to measure pressure
-ole
small
-pressor
to press down
-spasm
involuntary muscle contraction
-tension
pressure
-tonic
pertaining to tone
-ule
small
di-
two
the circulatory system is divided into ________________ and ______________ circulations
pulmonary and systematic
systematic circulation
carries blood from heart to the body and from the body to the heart
pulmonary circulation
carries blood from the heart to the lungs and from the lungs to the heart
relaxation phase is
diastole
contraction phase is
systole
the contraction and relaxation of the heart are regulated by the ____________ system
conduction
the conduction system is under control of the ______________ nervous system
autonomic
the sinoatrial (SA) node
- begins the electrical impulse
- a wave of electricity moves from the SA node through the atria
- causes atria to contract
the atrioventricular (AV) node is _________ after the SA contracts the atria
stimulated
the AV node transfers stimulation to the ______________________
atrioventricular (AV)
the electrical wave travels from the AV bundle down the _______________
bundle branches
the ___________________ in the ventricular myocardium are stimulated after the impulse travels through the atrioventricular bundle branches
Purkinje fibers; this causes the ventricles to contract
3 types of vessels
1- arteries
2- capillaries
3- veins
lumen
the channel within the blood vessels
arteries
- large, thick-walled vessels that contract or relax
- carry blood away from the heart
pulmonary arteries
goes to the lungs
aorta
goes to the body
coronary arteries
go to the myocardium of the heart
capillaries
- a network of tiny, thin-walled blood vessels
- they connect arteries and veins
- oxygenated arterial blood flows in and deoxygenated venous blood flows out
- carbon dioxide and wastes diffuse in and oxygen and nutrients diffuse out
veins
- begin as venules that gradually merge and become larger
- thin-walled, valvular vessels with low pressure
- carry blood toward the heart
blood pressure
measures the force exerted by blood against vessel walls
during systole
blood is under a lot of pressure and gives the highest reading (120)
during diastole
blood is under little pressure and gives the lowest reading (80)
blood pressure may be affected by characteristics of the blood and the blood vessels
- elasticity of arteries
- diameter of blood vessels
- viscosity of the blood
- amount of resistance to blood flow
pulse
the surge of blood caused by the heart contraction
angi/o
vessel
aort/o
aorta
arteri/o
artery
ateriol/o
arteriole
ather/o
fatty substance
atri/o
atrium
coron/o
heart
corpor/o
body
cutane/o
skin
duct/o
to bring
electr/o
electricity
embol/o
plug
esophag/o
esophagus
fibrin/o
fibers
hem/o
blood
isch/o
to hold back
lip/o
fat
my/o
muscle
myocardi/o
heart muscle
orth/o
straight
pector/o
chest
peripher/o
away from center
phleb/o
vein
pulmon/o
lung
scler/o
hard
sept/o
wall
son/o
sound
sphygm/o
pulse
steth/o
chest
tele/o
distant
thromb/o
clot
valv/o
valve
valvul/o
valve
varic/o
dilated wein
vas/o
vessel
vascul/o
blood vessel
ven/o
vein
ventricul/o
ventricle
venul/o
venule
-ac
pertaining to
-al
pertaining to
-ar
pertaining to
-ary
pertaining to
-cardia
heart condition
-eal
pertaining to
-ectomy
surgical removal
-emia
blood condition
-gram
record
-graphy
process of recording
-ia
condition
-ic
pertaining to
-itis
inflammation
-logy
study of
-lytic
destruction
-manometer
instrument to measure pressure
-megaly
enlarged
-metry
process of measuring
-ole
small
-oma
mass
-ose
pertaining to
-ous
pertaining to
-pathy
disease
-plasty
surgical repair
-pressor
to press down
-rrhexis
surgical fixation
-sclerosis
hardening
-scope
instrument for viewing
-spasm
involuntary muscle contraction
-stenosis
narrowing
-tension
pressure
-therapy
treatment
-tic
pertaining to
-tonic
pertaining to tone
-ule
small
a-
without
anti-
against
brady-
slow
de-
without
endo-
inner
extra-
outside of
hyper-
excessive
hypo-
insufficient
inter-
between
intra-
within
per-
through
peri-
around
poly-
many
pre-
before
re-
again
tachy-
fast
tetra-
four
trans-
across
ultra-
beyond
aortic
pertaining to the aorta
aterial
pertaining to an artery
ateriolar
pertaining to an arteriole
atrial
pertaining to an atrium
atrioventricular (AV, A-V)
pertaining to the atrium and ventricle
cardiac
pertaining to the heart
coronary
pertaining to the heart
corporeal
pertaining to the body
interatrial
pertaining to between the atria
interventricular
pertaining to between the ventricles
myocardial
pertaining to the heart muscle
valvular
pertaining to a valve
vascular
pertaining to a blood vessel
venous
pertaining to a vein
ventricular
pertaining to a ventricle
venular
pertaining to a venule
cardiology
study of the heart
cardiovascular technologist/technician
healthcare professionals trained to perform a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures
angiitis
inflammation of a vessel
angiospasm
involuntary muscle contraction of smooth muscle in wall of a vessel; narrows vessel
angiostenosis
narrowing of a vessel
bruit
a harsh, abnormal sound heard during oscillation over an artery
embolus
obstruction of blood vessel by blood clot
hyperlipidemia
condition of having excessive levels of lipids (fats) in the bloodstream
infarct
area of necrotic tissue due to blood loss of blood supply
ischemia
local and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to a circularity obstruction
murmur
a sound in addition to normal heart sounds; may or may not indicate abnormality
orthostatic hypotension
sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up suddenly
palpitations
pounding, racing heartbeats
plaque
yellow, fatty deposit of lipids in an artery
regurgitation
to flow backwards
thrombus
blood clot within a blood vessel; map partially or completely occlude blood vessel
angina pectoris
severe pain and sensation of constriction around heart
cardiomegaly
an abnormally enlarged heart
cardiomyopathy
myocardial disease
congenital septal defect (CSD)
hole, present at birth, in heart septum
congestive heart failure (CHF)
left ventricle muscle is too weak to efficiently pump blood
coronary artery disease (CAD)
poor blood supply to heart muscle due to obstruction of coronary arteries
endocarditis
inflammation of membranes lining the heart
myocardial infarction (MI)
occlusion of coronary artery; heart attack
myocarditis
inflammation of heart muscle layer
pericarditis
inflammation of pericardial sac
valvulitis
inflammation of a heart valve
arrhythmia
irregularity in heartbeat or action
bradycardia
condition of having a slow heart rate
bundle branch block (BBB)
the electrical impulse is blocked from traveling down the bundle of HIS or bundle branches
premature ventricular contraction (PVC)
ventricles contract earlier than they should
fibrillation
serious arrhythmia characterized by abnormal quivering or contraction of heart fibers; may result in cardiac arrest
premature atrial contraction (PAC)
atria contract earlier than they should
aneurysm
weakness and ballooning of arterial wall
tachycardia
condition of having a fast heart rate
arteriorrhexis
a ruptured artery
arteriosclerosis
hardening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls
atheroma
deposit of a fatty substance in wall of artery, bulges into and narrows artery
atherosclerosis
most common form of arteriosclerosis
coarctation of the aorta (CoA)
severe congenital narrowing of aorta
deep vein thrombosis
formation of blood clot in a vein deep in the body
hemorrhoid
varicose veins in the anal region
hypertension (HTN)
high blood pressure
hypotension
decrease in blood pressure
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
congenital heart anomaly where fetal connection between pulmonary artery and aorta fails to close at birth
peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
abnormal condition affecting any blood vessel outside the heart
phlebitis
inflammation of a vein
auscultation
listening to sounds within body using stethoscope
sphygmomanometer
blood pressure cuff
stethoscope
instrument for listening to body sounds
cardiac biomarkers
blood test determines level of proteins specific to heart muscles in the blood
lipid panel
blood test to measure amount of lipids and triglycerides in blood
angiography
x-rays taken after injection of opaque dye into blood vessel
carotid ultrasonography
process of recording blood flow through the large carotid artery
digital subtraction angiography
process of recording blood vessels after injection of contrast medium into bloodstream
echocardiography (ECHO)
use of ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures
thallium stress test
nuclear medicine procedure
transesophageal echocardiography
process of recording cardiac structures taken through the esophagus by a swallowed ultrasound device
catheter
flexible tube inserted in body to move fluids into or out of body
electrocardiography
process of recording electrical activity of heart
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
procedure to restore cardiac output and oxygenated air for a person in cardiac arrest
sclerotherapy
injection of salt solution to treat varicose veins
thrombolytic therapy
use of drugs to dissolve clots and restore blood flow
aneurysmectomy
surgical removal of an aneurysm
atherectomy
surgical removal of an atheroma
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
blood vessel from another location is grafted to route blood around a blocked coronary artery
embolectomy
surgical removal of an embolus
endarterectomy
surgical removal of diseased or damaged inner lining of artery
extracorporeal circulation (ECC)
during open-heart surgery, the routing of blood outside of body to cardiopulmonary bypass machine so it can be oxygenated and pumped back into the rest of the body
implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)
surgical procedure to place an electrical device that delivers electrical shock to heart to restore normal heart rhythm
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)
balloon catheter is inserted through skin into coronary artery
valvoplasty
surgical repair of a heart valve
AED
automated external defibrillator
AF, A-fib
atrial fibrillation
AMI
acute myocardial infarction
AS
arteriosclerosis
ASD
atrial septal defect
ASHD
arteriosclerotic heart disease
AV, A-V
atrioventricular
BBB
bundle branch block
BP
blood pressure
bpm
beats per minute
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft
CAD
coronary artery disease
cath
catheterization
CCU
coronary care unit
CHF
congestive heart failure
CK
creatine kinase
CoA
coarctation of the aorta
CP
chest pain
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
CSD
congenital septal defect
CV
cardiovascular
DSA
digital subtraction angiography
DVT
deep vein thrombosis
ECC
extracorporeal circulation
ECG, EKG
electrocardiogram
ECHO
echocardiogram
fib
fibrillation
HDL
high-density lipoprotein
health cath
cardiac catheterization
HTN
hypertension
ICD
implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
ICU
intensive care unit
LDL
low-density lipoprotein
MI
myocardial infarction, mitral insufficiency
mm Hg
millimeters of mercury
MR
mitral regurgitation
MS
mitral stenosis
MVP
mitral valve prolapse
P
pulse
PAC
premature atrial contraction
PDA
patent ductus arteriosus
PTCA
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
PVC
premature ventricular contraction
PVD
peripheral vascular disease
S1
first heart sound
S2`
second heart sound
SA, S-A
sinoatrial
TEE
transesophageal echocardiography
tPA
tissue plasminogen activator
VF, V-fib
ventricular fibrillation
VSD
ventricular septal defect
VT, V-tech
ventricular tachycardia
