Chapter 11: Endocrine System Flashcards
glands of the endocrine system secrete hormones important for
homeostasis
hormones regulate body activities, like
- metabolic rate
- water and mineral balance
- immune reactions
- sexual functioning
hormones are chemicals that act on target organs to
increase or decrease activity level
the endocrine organs are glands and include
- adrenal glands
- ovaries and testes
- pancreas
- parathyroid glands
- pineal gland
- pituitary gland
- thymus gland
- thyroid gland
acr/o
extremities
aden/o
gland
adren/o
adrenal glands
adrenal/o
adrenal glands
andr/o
male
calc/o
calcium
crin/o
to secrete
estr/o
female
gluc/o
glucose
glyc/o
sugar
gonad/o
sex glands
iod/o
iodine
kal/i
potassium
ket/o
ketones
mineral/o
minerals, electrolytes
natr/o
sodium
ovari/o
ovary
pancreat/o
pancreas
parathyroid/o
parathyroid gland
pineal/o
pineal gland
pituit/o
pituitary gland
pituitar/o
pituitary gland
radi/o
ray
somat/o
body
testicul/o
testes
thym/o
thymus
thyr/o
thyroid gland
thyroid/o
thyroid gland
toxic/o
poison
-dipsia
thirst
-emic
pertaining to blood condition
-tropic
pertaining to stimulating
-tropin
to stimulate
the endocrine system is a collection of glands that secretes hormones into the
blood stream
two types of glands
exocrine and endocrine
exocrine glands release their secretions into
a duct
_________ transport exocrine glands
ducts
endocrine glands release their hormones directly into
the bloodstream
endocrine glands are referred to as
ductless glands
the _________ gland is an endocrine gland
thyroid
which gland has both endocrine and exocrine glands
the pancreas
the adrenal glands is composed of two sections
adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla
the adrenal cortex is the outer portion of the gland that secretes
corticosteroids
___________ is a mineralocorticoid that regulates sodium and potassium
aldosterone
___________ is a glucocorticoid that regulates carbohydrates
cortisol
androgens are ___________ _____ ____________ that regulate secondary sex characteristics
steroid sex hormones
the adrenal medulla secretes
epinephrine and norepinephrine
epinephrine and norepinephrine increase
- bp
- heart rate
- respiration levels and help the body perform under stress
ovaries secrete reproductive cells known as
ova
ovaries secrete sex hormones known as
estrogen and progesterone
estrogen is responsible for
secondary sex characteristics and menstrual cycle regulation
progesterone helps maintain
a suitable uterine environment for pregnancy
the pancreas, as an exocrine gland, releases
digestive enzymes into the duodenum via a duct
the pancreas, as an endocrine gland, releases
insulin and glucose into the bloodstream
insulin stimulates
cells to take in glucose and lowers blood sugar levels
glucagon stimulates
the lover to release glucose and raises blood sugar levels
the parathyroid glands release
PTH
PTH regulates
blood calcium levels
when blood calcium falls too low, PTH
increases and stimulates the bone breakdown
the breakdown of blood releases
calcium into the blood
the pineal gland is part of the
thalamus region of the brain
the pineal gland secretes
melatonin
melatonin helps regulate the body’s
circadian rhythm
the pituitary gland is also called
the master gland because it regulates other endocrine glands
the pituitary gland is divided into
anterior and posterior portions
the anterior pituitary secretes
- growth hormone (GH)
- luteinizing hormone (LH)
- follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
- adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
- prolactin (PRL)
- melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
growth hormone
stimulates cells to divide rapidly
thyroid-stimulating hormone
regulates thyroid function
adrenocorticotropic hormone
regulates adrenal cortex
prolactin
stimulates milk production following birth
follicle-stimulating hormone
responsible for sex cell development in both genders and estrogen secretion in females
luteinizing hormone
stimulates secretion of sex hormones in both genders and ova release in females
melanocyte-stimulating hormone
prompts melanocytes to produce more melanin
the posterior pituitary gland secretes
- antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
- oxytocin
antidiuretic hormone
promotes water reabsorption by the kidney tubules
oxytocin
stimulates uterine contractions during labor and delivery and release of milk after childbirth
the testes produce
sperm and testosterone
testosterone produces
male secondary sex characteristics and regulates sperm production
the thymus gland is part of both
the endocrine and immune systems
the thymus as an endocrine gland secretes
thymosin that aids in immune development
the thymus as an immune structure
essential to the development of newborn immunity
the thymus is present at birth and grows to its largest size during
puberty
after puberty, the thymus begins to
shrink and is replaced with connective and adipose tissue
the thyroid gland secretes
thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
T4 and T3 regulates
energy and heat production to adjust metabolism
T4 and T3 are produced from the mineral
iodine
thyroid also secretes
calcitonin
calcitonin is a response to
high levels of blood calcium
calcitonin stimulates deposition of
bone and is the opposite of PTH
acr/o
extremities
aden/o
gland
adren/o
adrenal gland
adrenal/o
adrenal gland
calc/o
calcium
carcin/o
cancer
chem/o
drug
cortic/o
outer layer
