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AHS 102 003 Med Term > Chapter 6: Blood and the Lymphatic and Immune Systems > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Blood and the Lymphatic and Immune Systems Flashcards

1
Q

________________ and ____________ in the blood transport substances in the body

A

red blood cells and plasma

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2
Q

________ blood cells fight infection

A

white

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3
Q

___________ initiate the blood clotting process

A

platelets

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4
Q

blood components include

A
  • plasma
  • blood cells:
  • erythrocytes
  • leukocytes
  • platelets
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5
Q

aggluntin/o

A

clumping

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6
Q

bas/o

A

base

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7
Q

chrom/o

A

color

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8
Q

coagul/o

A

clotting

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9
Q

eosin/o

A

rosy red

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10
Q

fus/o

A

pouring

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11
Q

granul/o

A

granules

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12
Q

hem/o

A

blood

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13
Q

hemat/o

A

blood

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14
Q

morph/o

A

shape

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15
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow, spinal cord

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16
Q

neutr/o

A

neutral

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17
Q

phag/o

A

eat, swallow

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18
Q

sanguin/o

A

blood

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19
Q

septic/o

A

infection

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20
Q

-apheresis

A

removal

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21
Q

-crit

A

separation of

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22
Q

-cytic

A

pertaining to cells

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23
Q

-cytosis

A

more than the normal number of cells

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24
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

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25
Q

-globin

A

protein

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26
Q

-oid

A

resembling

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27
Q

-penia

A

too few

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28
Q

-phil

A

attracted to

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29
Q

-philia

A

condition of being attracted to

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30
Q

-philic

A

pertaining to being attracted to

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31
Q

-plastic

A

pertaining to formation

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32
Q

-plastin

A

formation

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33
Q

-poiesis

A

formation

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34
Q

-rrhagic

A

pertaining to abnormal flow

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35
Q

-stasis

A

standing still

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36
Q

the average adult has about ___ liters of blood

A

5

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37
Q

blood cells are produced in ____________________

A

bone marrow

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38
Q

plasma consists of

A

90-92% water and 8-10% dissolved substances (proteins)

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39
Q

albumin

A

transports fatty substances

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40
Q

gamma globulins

A

act as antibodies

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41
Q

fibrinogen

A

clotting protein

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42
Q

adults have about __________ red blood cells

A

35 trillion

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43
Q

_______________ gives erythrocytes their red color

A

hemoglobin

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44
Q

red blood cells live __________ and are removed from circulation by the liver

A

120 days

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45
Q

3 types of granulocytes

A

1- basophils
2- eosinophils
3- neutrophils

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46
Q

basophils

A

release histamine and heparin to damaged tissue

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47
Q

eosinophils

A

destroy parasites and increase during allergic reactions

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48
Q

neutrophils

A

engulf foreign material and dead cells via phagocytosis

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49
Q

2 types of agranulocytes

A

1- monocytes
2- lymphocytes

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50
Q

monocytes

A

engulf foreign and damaged cells via phagocytosis

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51
Q

lymphocytes

A

provide protection during the immune response

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52
Q

bas/o

A

base

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53
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

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54
Q

eosin/o

A

rosy red

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55
Q

erythr/o

A

red

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56
Q

phleb/o

A

vein

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57
Q

sanguin/o

A

blood

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58
Q

septic/o

A

infection

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59
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

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60
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

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61
Q

-aphresis

A

removal, carry away

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62
Q

-cytic

A

pertaining to cells

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63
Q

-cytosis

A

more than the normal number of cells

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64
Q

-ion

A

action

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65
Q

-oid

A

resembling

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66
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition

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67
Q

-ous

A

pertaining to

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68
Q

-penia

A

too few

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69
Q

-plastic

A

pertaining to formation

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70
Q

-rrhage

A

abnormal flow

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71
Q

-rrhagic

A

pertaining to abnormal flow

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72
Q

auto-

A

self

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73
Q

contra-

A

against

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74
Q

mono-

A

one

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75
Q

pan-

A

all

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76
Q

poly-

A

many

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77
Q

trans-

A

across

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78
Q

leukocytic

A

pertaining to a white blood cell

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79
Q

lymphocytic

A

pertaining to a WBC formed in lymphatic tissue

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80
Q

monocytic

A

pertaining to a WBC with a single large nucleus

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81
Q

neutrophilic

A

pertaining to a WBC that attracts neutral pH stain

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82
Q

sanguineous

A

pertaining to blood

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83
Q

thrombocytic

A

pertaining to clotting cells or platelets

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84
Q

thrombotic

A

pertaining to a clot

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85
Q

clinical laboratory science

A

healthcare profession is concerned with collecting samples and performing tests to analyze blood, body fluids, tissues, and other substances to determine health or disease

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86
Q

hematology

A

the branch of medicine specializing in the treatment of diseases and conditions of the blood

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87
Q

phlebotomy

A

involves puncture of a vein to remove blood for a diagnostic test

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88
Q

acidosis

A

abnormal condition where pH of blood is too low (too acidic)

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89
Q

alkalosis

A

an abnormal condition where the pH of blood is too high (too alkaline)

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90
Q

coagulate

A

to convert a liquid to a solid, as in blood clotting

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91
Q

dyscrasia

A

general term for disease affecting blood

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92
Q

hematoma

A

collection of blood under the skin as a result of blood escaping into tissue from damaged blood vessels

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93
Q

hemorrhage

A

blood flowing out of vessel

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94
Q

thrombus

A

a hard collection of fibrin, blood vessels, and tissue debris that is the result of blood-clotting process

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95
Q

hemophilia

A

genetic disorder; blood fails to clot due to lack of one clotting factor

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96
Q

pancytopenia

A

having too few of all blood cells

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97
Q

septicemia

A

having bacteria or their toxins in the bloodstream; also called blood poisoning

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98
Q

pernicious anemia (PA)

A

insufficient absorption of vitamin B12; unable to make RBCs

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99
Q

anemia

A

a reduction in number of RBCs or the amount of hemoglobin

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100
Q

erythrocytosis

A

condition of having too many RBCs

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101
Q

erythropenia

A

condition of having too few RBCs

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102
Q

leukocytosis

A

condition of having too many WBCs

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103
Q

leukopenia

A

condition of having too few WBCs

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104
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

condition of having too few platelets

105
Q

thrombocytosis

A

condition of having too many platelets

106
Q

blood culture and sensitivity (C&S)

A

incubation of blood to identify bacteria and determine the best antibiotic to use against them

107
Q

C-reactive protein (CRP) test

A

blood test for information

108
Q

complete blood count (CBC)

A

set of tests that includes RBC count, WBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell differential, and platelet count

109
Q

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

A

determines the rate at which RBCs settle in a test tube

110
Q

hematocrit (HCT, Hct, crit)

A

measures volume of RBCs

111
Q

hemoglobin (Hgb, hb, HGB)

A

measures amount of hemoglobin present

112
Q

prothrombin time (pro-time, PT)

A

measures how long it takes for blood to coagulate and form a clot

113
Q

white blood cell differential (diff)

A

determines the number of each variety of white blood cell

114
Q

bone marrow aspiration

A

sample of bone marrow removed by aspiration and examined for diseases such as leukemia and aplastic anemia

115
Q

bone marrow transplant (BMT)

A

patient receives red bone marrow from donor after patient’s own bone marrow has been destroyed

116
Q

ALL

A

acute lymphocytic leukemia

117
Q

polycythemia vera

A

condition of having too many RBCs

118
Q

AML

A

acute myelogenous leukemia

119
Q

basos

A

basophils

119
Q

BMT

A

bone marrow transplant

120
Q

BMP

A

basic metabolic panel

121
Q

CBC

A

complete blood count

122
Q

CLL

A

chronic lymphocytic leukemia

123
Q

CML

A

chronic myelogenous leukemia

124
Q

CMP

A

comprehensive metabolic panel

125
Q

CRP

A

C-reactive protein

126
Q

diff

A

differential

127
Q

eosins, eos

A

eosinophils

128
Q

ESR, sed rate

A

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

129
Q

HCT, Hct, crit

A

hematocrit

130
Q

HDN

A

hemolytic disease of the newborn

131
Q

Hbg, Hb

A

hemoglobin

132
Q

lymphs

A

lymphocytes

133
Q

monos

A

monocytes

134
Q

PA

A

pernicious anemia

135
Q

PRP

A

platelet-rich plasma

136
Q

PT, pro-time

A

prothrombin time

137
Q

Rh+

A

Rh-positive

138
Q

Rh-

A

Rh-negative

139
Q

the lymphatic system is a network of vessels that

A

picks up excess tissue fluid and absorbed fats

140
Q

organs within the lymphatic system

A
  • lymph nodes
  • lymphatic vessels
  • spleen
  • thymus gland
  • tonsils
141
Q

adenoid/o

A

adenoids

142
Q

axill/o

A

axilla or underarm

143
Q

immun/o

A

protection

144
Q

inguin/o

A

groin region

145
Q

lymph/o

A

lymph

146
Q

lymphaden/o

A

lymph node

147
Q

lymphangi/o

A

lymph vessel

148
Q

nucle/o

A

nucleus

149
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

150
Q

thym/o

A

thymus gland

151
Q

tonsill/o

A

tonsils

152
Q

-edema

A

swelling

153
Q

-globulin

A

protein

154
Q

-phage

A

to eat

155
Q

-toxic

A

pertaining to poison

156
Q

the lymphatic system serves 3 diverse purposes

A

1- collects and purifies excess tissue fluid, called lymph
2- assists with fat absorption
3- forms the body’s defense against pathogens

157
Q

lymph nodes are

A

small organs made of lymphatic tissue

158
Q

lymph nodes house

A

lymphocytes and antibodies that remove pathogens and cell debris from lymph

159
Q

lymph nodes are particularly

A

concentrated in several body regions

160
Q

lymph nodes are located

A
  • axillary
  • cervical
  • inguinal
  • mediastinal
161
Q

tonsils act as

A

filters to protect the body from pathogen invasion

161
Q

3 sets of tonsils

A

1- palatine tonsils
2- pharyngeal tonsils
3- lingual tonsils

162
Q

the spleen

A

destroys RBCs, recycles iron, and stores blood

163
Q

the thymus gland secretes

A

thymosin

164
Q

2 forms of immunity

A

1- natural immunity
2- acquired immunity

165
Q

natural immunity

A

non-specific and does not require prior pathogen exposure

166
Q

acquired immunity/adaptive immunity

A

the body’s response to a specific pathogen and may be passive or active

167
Q

passive acquired immunity results when a person receives protective substances

A

produced by another human or animal
- example:
- maternal antibodies crossing placenta

168
Q

active acquired immunity develops

A

following direct exposure to a pathogen

169
Q

immune response involves 2 distinct and different processes

A

1- humoral or antibody-mediated immunity
2- cellular or cell-mediated immunity

170
Q

humoral immunity

A

production of B lymphocytes or B cells and they respond to antigens by producing antibodies

171
Q

antibodies combine with the antigen to form an __________________complex

A

antigen-antibody

172
Q

cellular immunity involves

A

production of T cells and NK cells and they physically attack and destroy pathogenic cells

173
Q

cross-infection

A

pathogen is acquired from another person

174
Q

reinfection

A

person becomes infected again with same pathogen

175
Q

self-inoculation

A

pathogen spreads from one body site to another

176
Q

conjuctiv/o

A

conjunctiva

177
Q

cortic/o

A

outer layer

178
Q

inguin/o

A

groin

179
Q

lymph/o

A

lymph

180
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow

181
Q

nas/o

A

nose

182
Q

nucle/o

A

nucleus

183
Q

path/o

A

disease

184
Q

pneumon/o

A

lung

185
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

186
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh

187
Q

tonsill/o

A

tonsils

188
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

189
Q

-ar

A

pertaining to

190
Q

-ary

A

pertaining to

191
Q

-atic

A

pertaining to

192
Q

-ectomy

A

surgical removal

193
Q

-gram

A

record

194
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording

195
Q

-ia

A

condition

196
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition

197
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

198
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

199
Q

-logy

A

study of

200
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

201
Q

-oma

A

tumor

202
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition

203
Q

-pathy

A

disease

204
Q

-therapy

A

treatment

205
Q

anti-

A

against

206
Q

auto-

A

self

207
Q

mono-

A

one

208
Q

vaccines are ___________ _____________ ____________

A

active acquired immunity

209
Q

axillary

A

pertaining to the underarm region

210
Q

inguinal

A

pertaining to the groin region

211
Q

lymphangial

A

pertaining to the lymph vessels

212
Q

lymphatic

A

pertaining to lymph

213
Q

splenic

A

pertaining to the spleen

214
Q

thymic

A

pertaining to the thymus

215
Q

tonsillar

A

pertaining to the tonsils

216
Q

lymphedema

A

edema in the extremities due to an obstruction of lymph flow through lymphatic vessels

217
Q

splenomegaly

A

an enlarged spleen

218
Q

allergic asthma

A

inflammation and narrowing of airways triggered by inhaling allergens

219
Q

allergic conjunctivitis

A

inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by allergens in the air

220
Q

allergic rhinitis

A

an allergic reaction caused by inhaling an allergen

221
Q

anaphylactic shock

A

life-threatening condition from severe allergic reaction

222
Q

contact dermatitis

A

skin irritation caused by the skin coming in direct contact with an allergen

223
Q

adenoiditis

A

inflammation of the adenoids

224
Q

elephantiasis

A

inflammation and obstruction of lymph vessels

225
Q

Hodgkin’s disease HD

A

cancer of the lymphatic cells found in concentration in lymph nodes

226
Q

lymphadenitis

A

inflammation of lymph nodes

227
Q

lymphadenopathy

A

general term for lymph node disease

228
Q

lymphangioma

A

tumor in lymphatic vessel

229
Q

lymphoma

A

tumor in lymphatic tissue

230
Q

mononucleosis (mono)

A

acute viral infection with a large number of atypical lymphocytes

231
Q

non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL)

A

cancer of the lymphatic tissue other than Hodgkin’s lymphoma

232
Q

thymoma

A

tumor of the thymus gland

233
Q

tonsilitis

A

inflammation of the tonsils

234
Q

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

A

defect in cell-mediated immunity

235
Q

AIDS-related complex (ARC)

A

early stage of AIDS

236
Q

graft versus host disease (GVHD)

A

complication of bone marrow transplant

237
Q

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

A

virus that causes AIDS

238
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS)

A

skin cancer seen in AIDS patients

239
Q

multiple myeloma

A

cancer that originates in plasma cells

240
Q

pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)

A

common in AIDS patients

241
Q

severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)

A

genetic; individuals are born without a functioning immune system

242
Q

carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infection

A

infection by a group of bacteria with resistance to antibiotics

243
Q

clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection

A

infection causes inflammation of the colon

244
Q

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection

A

infection with bacteria resistant to many common antibiotics

245
Q

antinuclear antibody test (ANA)

A

blood test to diagnose autoimmune disease

246
Q

lymphangiogram

A

x-ray record of lymphatic vessels

247
Q

lymphangiography

A

x-ray taken of lymphatic vessels after injection of dye

248
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

images of soft tissues created using electromagnetic energy

249
Q

monospot

A

blood test infectious mononucleosis

250
Q

immunotherapy

A

injection of immunoglobulin or antibodies to treat a disease

251
Q

vaccination

A

exposure to weakened pathogen to stimulate immune response

252
Q

adenoidectomy

A

surgical removal of the adenoids

253
Q

lymphadenectomy

A

surgical removal of a lymph node

254
Q

splenectomy

A

surgical removal of the spleen

255
Q

thymectomy

A

surgical removal of the thymus

256
Q

tonsillectomy

A

surgical removal of the tonsils

257
Q
A

AHS 102 003 Med Term (13 decks)

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