Chapter 6: Blood and the Lymphatic and Immune Systems Flashcards
________________ and ____________ in the blood transport substances in the body
red blood cells and plasma
________ blood cells fight infection
white
___________ initiate the blood clotting process
platelets
blood components include
- plasma
- blood cells:
- erythrocytes
- leukocytes
- platelets
aggluntin/o
clumping
bas/o
base
chrom/o
color
coagul/o
clotting
eosin/o
rosy red
fus/o
pouring
granul/o
granules
hem/o
blood
hemat/o
blood
morph/o
shape
myel/o
bone marrow, spinal cord
neutr/o
neutral
phag/o
eat, swallow
sanguin/o
blood
septic/o
infection
-apheresis
removal
-crit
separation of
-cytic
pertaining to cells
-cytosis
more than the normal number of cells
-emia
blood condition
-globin
protein
-oid
resembling
-penia
too few
-phil
attracted to
-philia
condition of being attracted to
-philic
pertaining to being attracted to
-plastic
pertaining to formation
-plastin
formation
-poiesis
formation
-rrhagic
pertaining to abnormal flow
-stasis
standing still
the average adult has about ___ liters of blood
5
blood cells are produced in ____________________
bone marrow
plasma consists of
90-92% water and 8-10% dissolved substances (proteins)
albumin
transports fatty substances
gamma globulins
act as antibodies
fibrinogen
clotting protein
adults have about __________ red blood cells
35 trillion
_______________ gives erythrocytes their red color
hemoglobin
red blood cells live __________ and are removed from circulation by the liver
120 days
3 types of granulocytes
1- basophils
2- eosinophils
3- neutrophils
basophils
release histamine and heparin to damaged tissue
eosinophils
destroy parasites and increase during allergic reactions
neutrophils
engulf foreign material and dead cells via phagocytosis
2 types of agranulocytes
1- monocytes
2- lymphocytes
monocytes
engulf foreign and damaged cells via phagocytosis
lymphocytes
provide protection during the immune response
bas/o
base
cyt/o
cell
eosin/o
rosy red
erythr/o
red
phleb/o
vein
sanguin/o
blood
septic/o
infection
thromb/o
clot
-al
pertaining to
-aphresis
removal, carry away
-cytic
pertaining to cells
-cytosis
more than the normal number of cells
-ion
action
-oid
resembling
-osis
abnormal condition
-ous
pertaining to
-penia
too few
-plastic
pertaining to formation
-rrhage
abnormal flow
-rrhagic
pertaining to abnormal flow
auto-
self
contra-
against
mono-
one
pan-
all
poly-
many
trans-
across
leukocytic
pertaining to a white blood cell
lymphocytic
pertaining to a WBC formed in lymphatic tissue
monocytic
pertaining to a WBC with a single large nucleus
neutrophilic
pertaining to a WBC that attracts neutral pH stain
sanguineous
pertaining to blood
thrombocytic
pertaining to clotting cells or platelets
thrombotic
pertaining to a clot
clinical laboratory science
healthcare profession is concerned with collecting samples and performing tests to analyze blood, body fluids, tissues, and other substances to determine health or disease
hematology
the branch of medicine specializing in the treatment of diseases and conditions of the blood
phlebotomy
involves puncture of a vein to remove blood for a diagnostic test
acidosis
abnormal condition where pH of blood is too low (too acidic)
alkalosis
an abnormal condition where the pH of blood is too high (too alkaline)
coagulate
to convert a liquid to a solid, as in blood clotting
dyscrasia
general term for disease affecting blood
hematoma
collection of blood under the skin as a result of blood escaping into tissue from damaged blood vessels
hemorrhage
blood flowing out of vessel
thrombus
a hard collection of fibrin, blood vessels, and tissue debris that is the result of blood-clotting process
hemophilia
genetic disorder; blood fails to clot due to lack of one clotting factor
pancytopenia
having too few of all blood cells
septicemia
having bacteria or their toxins in the bloodstream; also called blood poisoning
pernicious anemia (PA)
insufficient absorption of vitamin B12; unable to make RBCs
anemia
a reduction in number of RBCs or the amount of hemoglobin
erythrocytosis
condition of having too many RBCs
erythropenia
condition of having too few RBCs
leukocytosis
condition of having too many WBCs
leukopenia
condition of having too few WBCs
thrombocytopenia
condition of having too few platelets
thrombocytosis
condition of having too many platelets
blood culture and sensitivity (C&S)
incubation of blood to identify bacteria and determine the best antibiotic to use against them
C-reactive protein (CRP) test
blood test for information
complete blood count (CBC)
set of tests that includes RBC count, WBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell differential, and platelet count
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
determines the rate at which RBCs settle in a test tube
hematocrit (HCT, Hct, crit)
measures volume of RBCs
hemoglobin (Hgb, hb, HGB)
measures amount of hemoglobin present
prothrombin time (pro-time, PT)
measures how long it takes for blood to coagulate and form a clot
white blood cell differential (diff)
determines the number of each variety of white blood cell
bone marrow aspiration
sample of bone marrow removed by aspiration and examined for diseases such as leukemia and aplastic anemia
bone marrow transplant (BMT)
patient receives red bone marrow from donor after patient’s own bone marrow has been destroyed
ALL
acute lymphocytic leukemia
polycythemia vera
condition of having too many RBCs
AML
acute myelogenous leukemia
basos
basophils
BMT
bone marrow transplant
BMP
basic metabolic panel
CBC
complete blood count
CLL
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
CML
chronic myelogenous leukemia
CMP
comprehensive metabolic panel
CRP
C-reactive protein
diff
differential
eosins, eos
eosinophils
ESR, sed rate
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
HCT, Hct, crit
hematocrit
HDN
hemolytic disease of the newborn
Hbg, Hb
hemoglobin
lymphs
lymphocytes
monos
monocytes
PA
pernicious anemia
PRP
platelet-rich plasma
PT, pro-time
prothrombin time
Rh+
Rh-positive
Rh-
Rh-negative
the lymphatic system is a network of vessels that
picks up excess tissue fluid and absorbed fats
organs within the lymphatic system
- lymph nodes
- lymphatic vessels
- spleen
- thymus gland
- tonsils
adenoid/o
adenoids
axill/o
axilla or underarm
immun/o
protection
inguin/o
groin region
lymph/o
lymph
lymphaden/o
lymph node
lymphangi/o
lymph vessel
nucle/o
nucleus
splen/o
spleen
thym/o
thymus gland
tonsill/o
tonsils
-edema
swelling
-globulin
protein
-phage
to eat
-toxic
pertaining to poison
the lymphatic system serves 3 diverse purposes
1- collects and purifies excess tissue fluid, called lymph
2- assists with fat absorption
3- forms the body’s defense against pathogens
lymph nodes are
small organs made of lymphatic tissue
lymph nodes house
lymphocytes and antibodies that remove pathogens and cell debris from lymph
lymph nodes are particularly
concentrated in several body regions
lymph nodes are located
- axillary
- cervical
- inguinal
- mediastinal
tonsils act as
filters to protect the body from pathogen invasion
3 sets of tonsils
1- palatine tonsils
2- pharyngeal tonsils
3- lingual tonsils
the spleen
destroys RBCs, recycles iron, and stores blood
the thymus gland secretes
thymosin
2 forms of immunity
1- natural immunity
2- acquired immunity
natural immunity
non-specific and does not require prior pathogen exposure
acquired immunity/adaptive immunity
the body’s response to a specific pathogen and may be passive or active
passive acquired immunity results when a person receives protective substances
produced by another human or animal
- example:
- maternal antibodies crossing placenta
active acquired immunity develops
following direct exposure to a pathogen
immune response involves 2 distinct and different processes
1- humoral or antibody-mediated immunity
2- cellular or cell-mediated immunity
humoral immunity
production of B lymphocytes or B cells and they respond to antigens by producing antibodies
antibodies combine with the antigen to form an __________________complex
antigen-antibody
cellular immunity involves
production of T cells and NK cells and they physically attack and destroy pathogenic cells
cross-infection
pathogen is acquired from another person
reinfection
person becomes infected again with same pathogen
self-inoculation
pathogen spreads from one body site to another
conjuctiv/o
conjunctiva
cortic/o
outer layer
inguin/o
groin
lymph/o
lymph
myel/o
bone marrow
nas/o
nose
nucle/o
nucleus
path/o
disease
pneumon/o
lung
rhin/o
nose
sarc/o
flesh
tonsill/o
tonsils
-al
pertaining to
-ar
pertaining to
-ary
pertaining to
-atic
pertaining to
-ectomy
surgical removal
-gram
record
-graphy
process of recording
-ia
condition
-iasis
abnormal condition
-ic
pertaining to
-itis
inflammation
-logy
study of
-megaly
enlargement
-oma
tumor
-osis
abnormal condition
-pathy
disease
-therapy
treatment
anti-
against
auto-
self
mono-
one
vaccines are ___________ _____________ ____________
active acquired immunity
axillary
pertaining to the underarm region
inguinal
pertaining to the groin region
lymphangial
pertaining to the lymph vessels
lymphatic
pertaining to lymph
splenic
pertaining to the spleen
thymic
pertaining to the thymus
tonsillar
pertaining to the tonsils
lymphedema
edema in the extremities due to an obstruction of lymph flow through lymphatic vessels
splenomegaly
an enlarged spleen
allergic asthma
inflammation and narrowing of airways triggered by inhaling allergens
allergic conjunctivitis
inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by allergens in the air
allergic rhinitis
an allergic reaction caused by inhaling an allergen
anaphylactic shock
life-threatening condition from severe allergic reaction
contact dermatitis
skin irritation caused by the skin coming in direct contact with an allergen
adenoiditis
inflammation of the adenoids
elephantiasis
inflammation and obstruction of lymph vessels
Hodgkin’s disease HD
cancer of the lymphatic cells found in concentration in lymph nodes
lymphadenitis
inflammation of lymph nodes
lymphadenopathy
general term for lymph node disease
lymphangioma
tumor in lymphatic vessel
lymphoma
tumor in lymphatic tissue
mononucleosis (mono)
acute viral infection with a large number of atypical lymphocytes
non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL)
cancer of the lymphatic tissue other than Hodgkin’s lymphoma
thymoma
tumor of the thymus gland
tonsilitis
inflammation of the tonsils
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
defect in cell-mediated immunity
AIDS-related complex (ARC)
early stage of AIDS
graft versus host disease (GVHD)
complication of bone marrow transplant
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
virus that causes AIDS
Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS)
skin cancer seen in AIDS patients
multiple myeloma
cancer that originates in plasma cells
pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)
common in AIDS patients
severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
genetic; individuals are born without a functioning immune system
carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infection
infection by a group of bacteria with resistance to antibiotics
clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection
infection causes inflammation of the colon
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection
infection with bacteria resistant to many common antibiotics
antinuclear antibody test (ANA)
blood test to diagnose autoimmune disease
lymphangiogram
x-ray record of lymphatic vessels
lymphangiography
x-ray taken of lymphatic vessels after injection of dye
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
images of soft tissues created using electromagnetic energy
monospot
blood test infectious mononucleosis
immunotherapy
injection of immunoglobulin or antibodies to treat a disease
vaccination
exposure to weakened pathogen to stimulate immune response
adenoidectomy
surgical removal of the adenoids
lymphadenectomy
surgical removal of a lymph node
splenectomy
surgical removal of the spleen
thymectomy
surgical removal of the thymus
tonsillectomy
surgical removal of the tonsils
