Chapter 9 The Urinary System Medical Terms

Question 1

the removal of a body part or the destruction of its function

Answer 1

ablation

Question 2

sudden onset of kidney failure that may be caused by the kidneys not receiving enough blood to filter

Answer 2

acute renal failure

Question 3

the absence of urine formation by the kidneys

Answer 3

anuria

Question 4

abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland often found in men over 50

Answer 4

benign prostatic hyperplasia (benign prostatic hypertrophy or enlarged prostate)

Question 5

behavioral training in which the patient learns to urinate on a schedule with increasingly longer time intervals between scheduled urination

Answer 5

bladder retraining

Question 6

the use of a handheld ultrasound transducer to measure the amount of urine remaining in the bladder after urination

Answer 6

bladder ultrasound

Question 7

the progressive loss of renal function over months or years

Answer 7

chronic kidney disease (chronic renal disease or kidney failure)

Question 8

an imaging technique that uses a thin, fan-shaped x-ray beam to produce multiple cross-sectional views of the body

Answer 8

computed tomography

Question 9

pain in the urinary bladder

Answer 9

cystalgia (cystodynia)

Question 10

the surgical removal of all or part of the urinary bladder

Answer 10

cystectomy

Question 11

inflammation of the bladder

Answer 11

cystitis

Question 12

a hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall

Answer 12

cystocele (prolapsed bladder)

Question 13

a radiographic examination of the bladder after instillation of a contrast medium via a urethral catheter

Answer 13

cystography

Question 14

a stone located within the urinary bladder

Answer 14

cystolith

Question 15

the surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall

Answer 15

cystopexy

Question 16

surgical suturing of a wound or defect in the bladder

Answer 16

cystorrhaphy

Question 17

the visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope

Answer 17

cystoscopy

Question 18

a procedure to remove waste products from the blood of patients whose kidneys no longer function

Answer 18

dialysis

Question 19

a diagnostic technique that combines angiography with computerized components to clarify the view of the area of interest by removing soft tissue and bone from the image

Answer 19

digital subtraction angiography

Question 20

the increased output of urine

Answer 20

diuresis

Question 21

medication administered to increase urine secretion to rid the body of excess salt and water

Answer 21

diuretics

Question 22

difficult or painful urination

Answer 22

dysuria

Question 23

swelling caused by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in cells, tissues, or cavities of the body

Answer 23

edema

Question 24

the final stage of chronic kidney disease

Answer 24

end-stage renal disease

Question 25

the involuntary discharge of urine

Answer 25

enuresis

Question 26

a congenital abnormality of the urethral opening, in the male this opening is located on the upper surface of the penis; in the female the urethral opening is in the region of the clitoris

Answer 26

epispadias

Question 27

the destruction of kidney stones using high-energy ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel

Answer 27

extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy

Question 28

the most common type of indwelling catheter

Answer 28

foley catheter

Question 29

a type of nephritis caused by inflammation of the glomeruli

Answer 29

glomerulonephritis

Question 30

a process by which waste products are filtered directly from the patient's own blood

Answer 30

hemodialysis

Question 31

the dilation of one or both kidneys

Answer 31

hydronephrosis

Question 32

the distention of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because the ureter is blocked

Answer 32

hydroureter

Question 33

the presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood

Answer 33

hypoproteinuria

Question 34

the congenital abnormality of the urethral opening. in the male the urethral opening is on the underside of the penis; in the female the urethra opens into the vagina

Answer 34

hypospadias

Question 35

use of a small piece of intestine to convey urine to the ureters and to a stoma in the abdomen

Answer 35

ileal conduit (ileostomy)

Question 36

a catheter that remains inside the body for a prolonged time based on need

Answer 36

indwelling catheter

Question 37

the inability to control the excretion of urine and/or feces

Answer 37

incontinence

Question 38

a chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder

Answer 38

interstitial cystitis

Question 39

a radiographic study of the kidneys and ureters

Answer 39

intravenous pyelogram (excretory urography)

Question 40

a series of pelvic muscle exercises used to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor

Answer 40

Kegel exercises

Question 41

a radiographic study without the use of a contrast medium, used to detect bowel obstructions and nephroliths

Answer 41

KUB (flat-plate of the abdomen)

Question 42

a surgical incision for the removal of a stone from the bladder

Answer 42

lithotomy

Question 43

bladder replacement using part of the small intestine

Answer 43

neobladder

Question 44

inflammation of the kidney or kidneys

Answer 44

nephritis

Question 45

a stone located in the kidney

Answer 45

nephrolith (kidney stone or renal calculus)

Question 46

the presence of stones in the kidney

Answer 46

nephrolithiasis

Question 47

the surgical freeing of a kidney from adhesions

Answer 47

nephrolysis

Question 48

any disease of the kidney

Answer 48

nephropathy

Question 49

the surgical fixation of nephroptosis

Answer 49

nephropexy (nephrorrhaphy)

Question 50

the prolapse of a kidney into the pelvic area when the patient stands

Answer 50

nephroptosis (floating kidney)

Question 51

suppuration of the kidney

Answer 51

nephropyosis (pyonephrosis)

Question 52

the placement of a catheter to maintain an opening between the pelvis of one or both kidneys to the exterior of the body

Answer 52

nephrostomy

Question 53

a group of conditions in which excessive amounts of protein are lost in the urine

Answer 53

nephrotic syndrome (nephrosis)

Question 54

a urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination

Answer 54

neurogenic bladder

Question 55

frequent and excessive urination during the night

Answer 55

nocturia

Question 56

urinary incontinence during sleep

Answer 56

nocturnal enuresis (bed-wetting)

Question 57

scanty urination

Answer 57

oliguria

Question 58

a condition that occurs when the muscles of the bladder contract involuntarily even though the bladder is not full

Answer 58

overactive bladder (urge incontinence)

Question 59

continuous leaking from the bladder either because it is full or because it does not empty completely

Answer 59

overflow incontinence

Question 60

surgical removal of a kidney stone through a small incision in the back

Answer 60

percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Question 61

dialysis in which the lining of the peritoneal cavities acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood

Answer 61

peritoneal dialysis

Question 62

a genetic disorder characterized by growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidney

Answer 62

polycystic kidney disease

Question 63

excessive urination

Answer 63

polyuria

Question 64

cancer beginning in the prostate

Answer 64

prostate cancer

Question 65

a diagnostic blood test that is used to screen for prostate cancer

Answer 65

prostate-specific antigen

Question 66

a disorder resulting from compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatic hyperplasia

Answer 66

prostatism

Question 67

inflammation of the renal pelvis

Answer 67

pyelitis

Question 68

inflammation of the renal pelvis and of the kidney

Answer 68

pyelonephritis

Question 69

the surgical repair of the ureter and renal pelvis

Answer 69

pyeloplasty

Question 70

a surgical incision into the renal pelvis

Answer 70

pyelotomy

Question 71

the treatment of cancers through the use of x-rays

Answer 71

radiation therapy

Question 72

acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during passage of a kidney stone

Answer 72

renal colic

Question 73

the inability of one or both of the kidneys to perform their function

Answer 73

renal failure (kidney failure)

Question 74

the grafting of a donor kidney into the body to replace the recipient's failed kidneys

Answer 74

renal transplantation (kidney transplant)

Question 75

when an orgasm results in semen flowing backward into the bladder instead of out through the penis

Answer 75

retrograde ejaculation

Question 76

a radiograph of the urinary system taken after a contrast medium has been placed in the urethra and caused to flow upward through the urinary tract

Answer 76

retrograde urography

Question 77

an abnormal mineral deposit that has formed within the body

Answer 77

stone

Question 78

the inability to control the voiding of urine under physical stress such as running, sneezing, laughing, or coughing

Answer 78

stress incontinence

Question 79

the placement of a catheter into the bladder through a small incision made through the abdominal wall just above the pubic bone

Answer 79

suprapubic catheterization

Question 80

the removal of excess tissue from an enlarged prostate gland with the use of a resectoscope

Answer 80

transurethral prostatectomy (TURP)

Question 81

a toxic condition in which urea and other waste products normally excreted in the urine are retained in the blood

Answer 81

uremia (uremic poisoning)

Question 82

the distention of a ureter

Answer 82

ureterectasis

Question 83

the surgical removal of a ureter

Answer 83

ureterectomy

Question 84

a stone located anywhere along the ureter

Answer 84

ureterolith

Question 85

the surgical repair of a ureter

Answer 85

ureteroplasty

Question 86

the discharge of blood from the ureter

Answer 86

ureterorrhagia

Question 87

surgical suturing of a ureter

Answer 87

ureterorrhaphy

Question 88

a treatment for a stone lodged in the ureter

Answer 88

ureteroscopy

Question 89

the insertion of a tube through the urethra and into the bladder

Answer 89

urethral catheterization

Question 90

inflammation of the urethra

Answer 90

urethritis

Question 91

surgical fixation of the urethra to nearby tissue

Answer 91

urethropexy

Question 92

bleeding from the urethra

Answer 92

urethrorrhagia

Question 93

abnormal discharge from the urethra

Answer 93

urethrorrhea

Question 94

abnormal narrowing of the urethra

Answer 94

urethrostenosis

Question 95

a surgical incision into the urethra

Answer 95

urethrotomy

Question 96

the examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements

Answer 96

urinalysis

Question 97

the insertion of a tube into the bladder in order to obtain a sterile specimen or drain urine

Answer 97

urinary catheterization (cathing)

Question 98

difficulty in starting a urinary stream

Answer 98

urinary hesitancy

Question 99

the inability to control the voiding of urine

Answer 99

urinary incontinence

Question 100

the inability to completely empty the bladder when attempting to urinate

Answer 100

urinary retention (ischuria)

Question 101

an infection involving the structures of the urinary system that usually begins in the bladder

Answer 101

urinary tract infection

Question 102

a diagnostic procedure in which a fluoroscope is used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder and through the urethra

Answer 102

voiding cystourethrography

Question 103

a rare type of malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in young children

Answer 103

Wilms tumor