Chapter 2 The Human Body in Health and Disease Medical Terms Flashcards
surgical removal of a gland
adenectomy
inflammation of a gland
adenitis
carcinoma derived from glandular tissue
adenocarcinoma
benign tumor that arises from, or resembles, glandular tissue
adenoma
abnormal softening of a gland
adenomalacia
abnormal hardening of a gland
adenosclerosis
any disease or condition of a gland
adenosis
occurs through contact with contaminated respiratory droplets spread by a cough or sneeze
airborne transmission
a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other
anaplasia
a deviation from what is regarded as normal
anomaly
the defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue
aplasia
the spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids that are contaminated with blood
bloodborne transmission
any condition that is transmitted from one person to another by either direct or indirect contact with contaminated objects
communicable disease (contagious disease)
an abnormal condition that exists at the time before birth
congenital disorder
a life threatening genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus
cystic fibrosis
disorder than can result in an anomaly or malformation such as the absence of a limb or the presence of any extra toe
development disorder (birth defect)
a genetic variation that is associated with characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, and physical abnormalities such as heart valve disease
down syndrome
abnormally development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs
dysplasia
refers to the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area
endemic
a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area
epidemic
the study of the causes of diseases
etiology
condition characterized by growth abnormalities, mental retardation, brain damage, and socialization difficulties, caused by the mother’s consumption of alcohol during the pregnancy
fetal alcohol syndrome
caused by eating or drinking contaminated food or water that has not been properly treated to remove contamination or kill pathogens that are present
food-born and waterborne transmission (fecal-oral transmission)
a condition that produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified
function disorder
a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene
genetic disorder (hereditary disorder)
a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing
hemophilia
the process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment
homeostasis
a genetic disorder that causes nerve degeneration with symptoms that most often appear in midlife
Huntington’s disease
the enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells
hyperplasia
a general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ due to an increase in the size, but not in the number, of cells in the tissue
hypertrophy
the incomplete development of an organ or tissue
hypoplasia
an unfavorable response due to a prescribed medical treatment
iatrogenic illness
an illness with out known cause
idiopathic disorder
refers to situations in which a susceptible person is infected by contact with a contaminated surface
indirect contact transmission
an illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses
infectious disease
a group of more than 30 genetic disorders that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles without affecting the nervous system
muscular dystropy
a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting
nosocomial infection
a disorder that produces symptoms caused by detectable changes in the body
organic disorder
an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide
pandemic
a disease-producing microorganism
pathogen
inflammation of the peritoneum
peritonitis
a genetic disorder in which an essential digestive enzyme is missing
phenylketonuria
the mother’s health, behavior, and the prenatal medical care she does or does not receive before delivery
prenatal influences
a viral infection characterized by a low-grade fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes, and a fine, pink rash
rubella
a fatal genetic disorder in which harmful quantities of a fatty substance build up in tissues and nerve cells in the brain
Tay-Sachs disease
the spread of certain disease due to the bite of a vector (insect or animals that are capable of transmitting a disease)
vector-born transmission
