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► Med Terminology > Chapter 13 The Endocrine System A&P > Flashcards

Chapter 13 The Endocrine System A&P Flashcards

1
Q

is the process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment

A

homeostasis

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2
Q

are chemical messengers that are secreted by endocrine glands directly into the blood stream

A

hormones

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3
Q

which produce hormones, do not have ducts

A

endocrine glands

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4
Q

what are the 13 glands that make up the Endocrine system

A 
pituitary gland
pineal gland thyroid gland
thyroid gland
parathyroid gland (4)
thymus
pancreas (pancreatic islets)
adrenal glands (2)
gonads (2)
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5
Q

or hypophysis, is a pea-sized gland that is divided into two parts, the anterior and posterior lobe

A

pituitary gland

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6
Q

what hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary

A 
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
growth hormone (GH)
interstitial cell-stimulating hormone  (ICSH)
lactogenic (prolactin) hormone (LTH)
luteinizing hormone (LH)
melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
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7
Q

stimulates the growth and secretions of the adrenal cortex

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

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8
Q

stimulates the secretion of estrogens and the growth of ova in the ovaries of the female. in the male, it stimulates the production of sperm in the testicles

A

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

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9
Q

also known as somatotropic hormone, regulates the growth of bone, muscle, and other body tissues

A

growth hormone (GH)

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10
Q

stimulates ovulation in females. in the male, it stimulates the secretion of testosterone

A 
interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH)
luteinizing hormone (LH)
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11
Q

also known as prolactin, stimulates and maintains the secretions of breast milk in the mother after childbirth

A

lactogenic hormone (LTH)

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12
Q

increases the production of melanin in melanocytes, thereby causing darkening of skin pigmentation

A

melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

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13
Q

stimulates the secretion of hormones by the thyroid gland

A

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

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14
Q

what two hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland

A

antidiuretic (ADH)

oxytocin (OXT)

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15
Q

is secreted by the hypothalamus and stored and released in the pituitary gland, helps control blood pressure by reducing the amount of water that is excreted through the kidneys

A

antidiuretic (ADH)

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16
Q

stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth. stimulates flow of milk from mammary glands

A

oxytocin

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17
Q

is a very small endocrine gland, also known as the pineal body

A

pineal gland

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18
Q

influences the sleep-wakefullness portions of the circadian cycle

A

melatonin

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19
Q

refers to the biological functions that occur within a 24-hour period

A

circadian rhythm

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20
Q

lies on either side of the larynx, just below the thyroid cartilage

A

thyroid gland

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21
Q

describes all of the body processes involved in the body’s use of nutrients, including the rate at which they are used

A

metabolism

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22
Q

the hormones that regulate metabolism

A

thyroxine (T4)

triiodothyronine (T3)

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23
Q

produced by the thyroid gland, is a hormone that works with the parathyroid hormone to decrease calcium levels in the blood

A

calcitonin

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24
Q

each of which is about the size of a grain of rice, are embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid

A

parathyroid glands

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25
Q

works with the hormone calcitonin that is secreted by the thyroid gland

A

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

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26
Q

is located near the midline in the anterior portion of the thoracic cavity

A

thymus

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27
Q

plays an important part in the immune system by stimulating the maturation of lymphocytes into T cells

A

thymosin

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28
Q

is a feather shaped organ located posterior to the stomach that functions as part of both the digestive and the endocrine systems

A

pancreas

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29
Q

are those part of the pancreas that have endocrine function

A

pancreatic islets

30
Q

known as blood sugar, basic form of energy by the body

31
Q

is a hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets in response to low levels of glucose. increases the glucose level

32
Q

hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets in response to high levels of glucose.

33
Q

which are known as the suprarenals, are so named because they are located on top of each kidney

A

adrenal glands

34
Q

are mineral substances, such as sodium and potassium, that are normally found in the blood

A

electrolytes

35
Q

are sex hormones secreted by the gonads, the adrenal cortex, and fat cells

36
Q

are the steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex.

A

corticosteroids

37
Q

is a corticosteroid that regulates the salt and water levels in the body by increasing sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion by the kidneys

A

aldosterone

38
Q

has an anti-inflammatory action. regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates. stress hormone

39
Q

known as adrenaline, stimulates the sympathetic nervous system in response to physical injury or mental stress such as fear

A

epinephrine

40
Q

is both a hormone and a neurohormone. it is released as a hormone by the adrenal medulla and as a neurohormone by the sympathetic nervous system. raises blood pressure, strengthens heartbeat, and stimulating muscle contractions

A

norepinephrine

41
Q

are gamete-producing glands

42
Q

refer to the features that distinguish the two sexes, but are not directly related to reproduction

A

secondary sex characteristics

43
Q

is the process of physical changes by which a child’s body becomes an adult

44
Q

is the early onset of the changes of puberty, usually before age 8 in girls and age 9 in boys

A

precocious puberty

45
Q

is a hormone secreted by the ovaries that is important in the development and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics and in regulation of the menstrual cycle

46
Q

is the hormone released during the second half of the menstrual cycle by the corpus luteum in the ovary

A

progesterone

47
Q

is a reproductive cell. sperm in the male and egg in the female

48
Q

is any hormone that stimulates the gonads

A

gonadotropin

49
Q

is a steroid hormone secreted by the testicles and the adrenal cortex to stimulate the development of the male secondary sex characteristics

A

testosterone

50
Q

are a large family of hormone-like substances that share the same fat-soluble chemical structure

51
Q

are man-made substances that are chemically related to male sex hormones. used in the treatment of hormone problems in men and to help the body replace muscle mass lost due to disease

A

anabolic steroids

52
Q

is a protein hormone secreted by fat cells that is involved in the regulation of appetite

53
Q

are produced and released by neurons in the brain, rather than by the endocrine glands, and delivered to organs and tissues through the blood stream.

A

neurohormones

54
Q

is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and malfunctions of the endocrine glands

A

endocrinologist

55
Q

is a health care professional qualified to teach people with diabetes how to manage their disease

A

certified diabetes educator

56
Q

often produces hormones in large and unregulated amounts

A

functioning pituitary tumors

57
Q

do not produce any significant amounts of these hormones

A

non-functional pituitary tumors

58
Q

meaning without taste, referring to the relatively low sodium

59
Q

is a combination of medical conditions, including increased blood pressure, elevated insulin levels, excess body fat around the waist, or abnormal cholesterol levels

A

metabolic syndrome

60
Q

is a condition in which type 1 diabetes develops in adults

A

type 1.5 diabetes

61
Q

means present, but not visible

62
Q

are lumps in the thyroid that can grow large enough to cause a goiter

A

thyroid nodules

63
Q

means that the pancreatic beta cells do not secrete enough insulin

A

insulin deficiency

64
Q

means that insulin is being produced, but the body does not use it effectively

A

insulin resistance

65
Q

lower blood sugar by causing the pancreas to release more insulin or increasing the body’s sensitivity to insulin

A

oral hypoglycemics

66
Q

are similar medications work within the cells to combat insulin resistance and to help insulin let blood sugar into the cells

A

glucophage (metformin hydrochloride)

67
Q

is a sugary substance that can quickly be absorbed into the bloodstream

A

oral glucose

68
Q

occurs because excess blood sugar makes the walls of the blood vessels stick and rigid

A

heart disease

69
Q

can lead to renal failure because damage to the blood vessels reduces blood flow through the kidneys

A

kidney disease

70
Q

is damage to the nerves affecting the hands and feet

A

peripheral neuropathy

71
Q

also known as an Epi Pen, is a device used to inject a measured dose of epinephrine

A

epinephrine autoinjector

72
Q

is a synthetic form of oxytocin that is administered to induce or speed up labor

► Med Terminology (65 decks)

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