Chapter 4 The Muscular System Medical Terms Flashcards
inflammation of the Achilles tendon caused by excessive stress being placed on the tendon
Achilles tendinitis
a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally
adhesion
medication administered to suppress smooth muscle contractions
antispasmodic (anticholinergic)
the lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement
ataxia
lacking normal muscle tone or strength
atonic
weakness of wearing away of body tissues and structures caused by pathology or by disuse over a long period of time
atrophy
extreme slowness in movement
bradykinesia
paralysis of the heart muscle
cardioplegia
the surgical enlargement of the carpal tunnel or cutting of the carpal ligament to relieve pressure on nerves and tendons
carpal tunnel release
swelling that creates pressure on the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel
carpal tunnel syndrome
a disorder of unknown cause that affects many body systems, with symptoms similar to those of fibromyalgia syndrome
chronic fatigue syndrome
the compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the enclosed space created by the fascia that separates groups of muscles
compartment syndrome
the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues
contracture
a painful localized muscle contraction
cramp
testing of reflexes to diagnose disruptions of the nerve supply to the involved muscles
deep tendon reflex
distortion or impairment of voluntary movements
dyskinesia
a condition of abnormal muscle tone
dystonia
a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation
electromyography
inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow
epicondylitis
inflammation of a fascia
fasciitis (fascitis)
surgical repair of a fascia
fascioplasty
a surgical incision through a fascia to relieve tension or pressure
fasciotomy
a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue, muscle, joint, or bone pain, and a wide range of other symptoms
fibromyalgia syndrome
a harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist
ganglion cyst
a strain or tear of any of the three hamstring muscles that straighten the hip and bend the knee
hamstring injury
a calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the heel
heel spurs
slight paralysis affecting only one side of the body
hemiparesis
abnormally increased muscle function or activity
hyperkinesia (hyperactivity)
a condition in which there is a diminished tone of the skeletal muscles
hypotonia
an overuse injury caused by this band rubbing against bone, often in the area of the knee
iliotibial band syndrome
inflammation of tendons that get caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint
impingement syndrome
pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest
intermittent claudication
removal of a plug of tissue with a biopsy needed for examination
muscle biopsy
the state of balanced muscle tension that makes normal posture, coordination, and movement possible
muscle tone
a group of more than 30 genetic disorders that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles without affecting the nervous system
muscular dystropy
tenderness or pain in the muscles
myalgia
a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscle
myasthenia gravis
the herniation of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it
myocele
the sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles
myoclonus
a chronic pain disorder that affects muscles and fascia throughout the body
myofascial pain syndrome
a specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorder, and carpal tunnel syndrome
myofascial release
the degeneration of muscle tissue
myolysis
weakness or slight muscular paralysis
myoparesis
surgical suturing of a muscle
myorrhaphy
the rupture or tearing of a muscle
myorrhexis
a surgical incision into a muscle
myotomy
a medication that causes temporary paralysis by blocking the transmission of nerve stimuli to the muscles
neuromuscular blocker (neuromuscular blocking agent)
a form of massage that uses soft-tissue manipulation focusing on applying pressure to trigger points to treat injuries and alleviate pain
neuromuscular therapy
jerking of the limbs that can occur normally as a person is falling asleep
nocturnal myoclonus
activities to promote recovery and rehabilitation to assist patients in performing the activities of daily living
occupational therapy
injuries that occur when minor tissue injuries have not been given time to heal
overuse injuries
inflammation of tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of a joint
overuse tendinitis (overuse tendonosis)
the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injuries to its nerve supply
paralysis
paralysis of both legs and lower part of the body
paraplegia
treatment to prevent disability or to restore function through the use of exercise, heat, massage, or other techniques
physical therapy
inflammation of the plantar fascia causing foot or heel pain when walking or running
plantar fasciitis
muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body
polymyositis
paralysis of all four extremities
quadriplegia
a diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength
range of motion testing
a variety of muscular conditions that result from repeated motions performed in the course of normal activities
repetitive stress disorders (repetitive motion disorders)
inflammation of the tendons of the rotator cuff
rotator cuff tendinitis
develops when rotator cuff tendinitis is left untreated or if the overuse continues. this occurs as the irritated tendon weakens and tears
ruptured rotator cuff
the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging
sarcopenia
pain caused by the muscle tearing away from the tibia
shin splint
myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm
singultus (hiccups)
administered to relax certain muscles and to relieve the stiffness, pain, and discomfort caused by strains, sprains, or other muscle injuries
skeletal muscle relaxants
a sudden, involuntary contraction of one or more muscles
spasm (charley horse, especially when in leg)
a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side
spasmodic torticollis (wryneck)
paralysis resulting from damage to the spinal cord that prevents nerve impulses from being transmitted below the level of injury
spinal cord injuries
an injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee, or wrist, that usually involves a wrenched or torn ligament
sprain
an injury to the body of a muscle or the attachment of a tendon
strain
a small crack in a bone that often develops from chronic, excessive impact
stress fracture
inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of the joint
tendinitis (tendonitis, tenonitis, tenontitis)
surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to bone
tenodesis
the release of a tendon from adhesions
tenolysis (tendolysis)
surgical suturing of the divided ends of a tendon
tenorrhaphy
inflammation of the sheath around a tendon
tenosynovitis
the use of high-frequency sound waves to treat muscle injuries by generating heat deep within muscle tissue
therapeutic ultrasound
a method of pain control by wearing a device that delivers small electrical impulses to the nerve endings through the skin
transcutaneous electronic nerve stimulation
