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► Med Terminology > Chapter 8 The Digestive System A&P > Flashcards

Chapter 8 The Digestive System A&P Flashcards

1
Q

known as the GI tract.

A

gastrointestinal tract

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2
Q

consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, and stomach

A

upper GI tract

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3
Q

sometimes referred to as the bowels, is made up of the small and large intestines plus the rectum and anus

A

lower GI tract

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4
Q

also known as the mouth, are the lips, hard and soft palate, salivary glands, tongue, teeth, and periodontium

A

oral cavity

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5
Q

surround the opening for the oral cavity

A

lips

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6
Q

forms the roof of the mouth, consists of three major parts

A

palate

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7
Q

what are the three parts of the palate

A

hard and soft palate and uvula

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8
Q

anterior portion of the palate.

A

hard palate

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9
Q

is the flexible posterior portion of the palate. closes nasal passage to prevent food and liquid from moving upward into the nasal cavity

A

soft palate

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10
Q

is the third part, and it hands from the free edge of the soft palate

A

uvula

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11
Q

very strong, flexible, and muscular. important for chewing, speaking, and swallowing

A

tongue

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12
Q

small bumps on the tongue

A

papillae

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13
Q

sensory receptors for the sense of taste

A

taste buds

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14
Q

of the tongue and the tissues that lie under the tongue are covered with delicate highly vascularized tissue

A

sublingual surface

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15
Q

means under the tongue

A

sublingual

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16
Q

is a band of tissue that attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth

A

lingual frenulum

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17
Q

describes the structure that surrounds, supports, and are attached to the teeth

A

periodontium

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18
Q

specialized mucous membrane that covers the bone of the dental arches and surrounds the neck of the teeth

A

gingiva or gums

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19
Q

are the body structures of the oral cavity

A

dental arches

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20
Q

is commonly known as the upper jaw and consists of bones of the lower surface of the skull

A

maxillary arch

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21
Q

commonly known as the the lower jaw, is a separate bone and is only movable component of the joint

A

mandibular arch

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22
Q

commonly known as TMJ, is formed at the back of the mouth where the maxillary and mandibular arches come together

A

temporomandibular joint

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23
Q

refers to the natural teeth arranged in the upper and lower jaws

A

dentition

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24
Q

teeth are used for biting and tearing

A

incisors and canines (cuspids)

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25
Q

these teeth are used for chewing and grinding

A

premolars (bicuspids) and molars

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26
Q

the primary dentition. consists of 20 teeth that erupt during childhood

A

deciduous or baby teeth

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27
Q

consists of 32 teeth designed to last a lifetime

A

permanent dentition

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28
Q

is the portion of the tooth that is visible in the mouth

A

crown

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29
Q

is the hardest substance in the body. covers teeth

A

enamel

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30
Q

hold it securely in place within the dental arch

A

roots

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31
Q

is where the crown and root meet.

A

neck (cervix) of the tooth

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32
Q

makes up the bulk of the tooth. portion above gum line is covered with enamel

A

dentin

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33
Q

is the area within the crown and roots of the tooth that is surrounded by the dentin to protect the delicate pulp of the tooth

A

pulp cavity

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34
Q

consists of a rich supply of blood vessels and nerves that provide nutrients and innervation to the tooth

A

pulp

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35
Q

is a colorless liquid that maintains the moisture in the mouth

A

saliva

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36
Q

secrete saliva that is carried by ducts into the mouth

A

salivary glands

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37
Q

are located on the face, slightly in front of each ear. secrete a more watery fluid

A

parotid gland

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38
Q

and their ducts are located on the floor of the mouth under the tongue

A

sublingual glands

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39
Q

and their ducts are located on the floor of the mouth near the mandible. secrete a more viscous fluid

A

submandibular glands

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40
Q

common passage for both respiration and digestion

A

pharynx

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41
Q

commonly known as swallowing

A

deglutition

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42
Q

is a lid-like structure that closes off the entrance to the trachea

A

epiglottis

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43
Q

is the muscular tube through which ingested food passes from the pharynx to the stomach

A

esophagus

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44
Q

is a muscular ring between the esophagus and stomach. during swallowing, it relaxes to allow food to enter the stomach

A

lower esophageal sphincter (cardiac sphincter)

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45
Q

means to flow backward

A

regurgitating

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46
Q

is a sac-like organ composed of the fundus, body, and antrum

A

stomach

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47
Q

are the folds in the mucosa lining of the stomach

A

rugae

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48
Q

aid in the beginning of food digestion

A

gastric juices

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49
Q

is the ring-like muscle at the base of the stomach that controls the flow of partially digested food from the stomach to the duodenum of the small intestine

A

pyloric sphincter

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50
Q

is the narrow passage that connects the stomach with the small intestine

A

pylorus

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51
Q

extends from the pyloric sphincter to the first part of the large intestine

A

small intestine

52
Q

is the first portion of the small intestine.

A

duodenum

53
Q

is the middle portion of the small intestine

A

jejunum

54
Q

is the last and longest portion of the small intestine

A

ileum

55
Q

extends from the end of the small intestine to the anus

A

large intestine

56
Q

is a pouch that lies on the right side of the abdomen

A

cecum

57
Q

is the ring-like muscle that controls the flow from the ileum of the small intestine into the cecum of the large intestine

A

ileocecal sphincter

58
Q

hangs from the lower portion of the cecum

A

vermiform appendix

59
Q

is the longest portion of the large intestine, is divided into four parts

A

colon

60
Q

travels upward from the cecum to the under surface of the liver

A

ascending colon

61
Q

passes horizontally across the abdominal cavity from right to left toward the spleen

A

transverse colon

62
Q

travels down the left side of the abdominal cavity to the sigmoid colon

A

descending colon

63
Q

is an S-shaped structure that continues from the descending colon above and joins the rectum below

A

sigmoid colon

64
Q

is the widest division of the large intestine. makes up the last 4 inches of the large intestine and ends at the anus

A

rectum

65
Q

is the lower opening of the digestive tract. flow of waste through the anus is controlled by the internal anal sphincter and external anal sphincter

A

anus

66
Q

refers to the anus and rectum as a single unit

A

anorectal

67
Q

play a key role in the digestive process, but are not part of the gastrointestinal tract

A

accessory organs

68
Q

is the largest organ in the body. has several functions related to removing toxins from the blood and turning food into fuel and nutrients the body needs

A

liver

69
Q

means pertaining to the liver

A

hepatic

70
Q

known as blood sugar

A

glucose

71
Q

is a from of starch that is stored in the liver

A

glycogen

72
Q

is a yellow to green fluid, commonly known as bile, that is manufactured by the liver and necessary for the digestion of fat

A

bilirubin

73
Q

aids in the digestion of fats, is a digestive juice secreted by the liver

A

bile

74
Q

provides channels through which bile is transported from the liver to the small intestine

A

bilary tree

75
Q

small ducts in the liver joint together like branches to form the bilary tree. the trunk, which is just outside the liver, is known as the

A

common hepatic duct

76
Q

the bile travels from the liver through the common hepatic duct to the gallbladder where it enters and exits through the narrow

A

cystic duct

77
Q

cystic duct leaving the gallbladder rejoins the common hepatic duct to form the

A

common bile duct

78
Q

common bile duct joins this and together they enter the duodenum of the small intestine

A

pancreatic duct

79
Q

is a pear-shaped organ about the size of an egg located under the liver stores and concentrates bile for later use

A

gallbladder

80
Q

means pertaining to the gallbladder

A

cholecystic

81
Q

is a soft, 6-inch long oblong gland that is located behind the stomach. aid in digestion and contain digestive enzymes and sodium bicarbonate to help neutralize stomach acids

A

pancreas

82
Q

is the process by which complex foods are broken down into nutrients in a form the body can use

A

digestion

83
Q

includes all processes involved in the body’s use of nutrients

A

metabolism

84
Q

is the building up of body cells and substances from nutrients

A

anabolism

85
Q

is the breaking down of body cells or substances, releasing energy and carbon dioxide

A

catabolism

86
Q

is the process by which completely digested nutrients are transported to the cells throughout the body

A

absorption

87
Q

also known as chewing, breaks down food into smaller pieces, mixes it with saliva, and prepares it to be swallowed

A

mastication

88
Q

is a mass of food that has been chewed and is ready to be swallowed

A

bolus

89
Q

is a series of wave-like contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction that moves the food into the digestive system

A

peristalsis

90
Q

is a semifluid mass of partly digested food that passes out of the stomach

A

chyme

91
Q

solid body wastes that are expelled through the rectum and anus

A

feces

92
Q

known as a bowel movement (BM), is the evacuation of emptying of the large intestine

A

defecation

93
Q

is the rumbling noise caused by the movements of gas in the intestine

A

borborygmus

94
Q

known as a flatus, is the passage of gas out of the body through the rectum

A

flatulence

95
Q

is the branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases

A

bariatrics

96
Q

holds a doctor of dental surgery or doctor of medical dentistry degree and specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of teeth and tissues of the oral cavity

A

dentist

97
Q

is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the stomach and intestine

A

gastroenterologist

98
Q

specializes in surgery of the face and jaws to correct deformities

A

oral or maxillofacial surgeon

99
Q

is a dentist specialist who prevents or corrects malocclusion of the teeth and related facial structures

A

orthodontist

100
Q

is a dental specialist who prevents or treats disorders of the tissues surrounding the teeth

A

periodonist

101
Q

is a physician who specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus

A

proctologist

102
Q

is any deviation from the normal position of the upper teeth against the lower teeth

A

malocclusion

103
Q

are peptic ulcers that occur in the stomach

A

gastric ulcers

104
Q

are peptic ulcers that occur in the upper paper of the small intestine

A

duodenal ulcers

105
Q

is a complication of a peptic ulcer in which the ulcer erodes through the entire thickness of the organ wall

A

perforating ulcer

106
Q

abnormally hold together parts of the intestine that normally should be separate

A

intestinal adhesions

107
Q

the blood flow to a segment of the intestine is blocked

A

strangulating obstruction

108
Q

is the most prevalent type of hepatitis. is caused by highly contagious virus and is transmitted mainly through contamination of food and water with infected fecal matter

A

Hepatitis A virus (HAV)

109
Q

is a bloodborne disease that is transmitted through contact with blood and other body fluids that are contaminated with this virus. body fluids and blood

A

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)

110
Q

is a bloodborne disease that is spread through contact with blood and other body fluids that are contaminated. silent epidemic because it can be present for years, and destroys liver before symptoms. blood transfusions

A

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)

111
Q

makes the stomach smaller, usually by stapling a section to create a small pouch

A

gastric bypass surgery

112
Q

procedure involves placing a band around the exterior of the stomach to restrict the amount of food that can enter

A

lap-band adjustable gastric banding (LAGB)

113
Q

is an open lesion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting in tissue loss around the edges

A

ulcer

114
Q

is used to describe hard deposits, such as gallstones or kidney stones, that form in other parts of the body

A

calculus

115
Q

means a backward or return flow

A

reflux

116
Q

means abnormally thin

A

emaciated

117
Q

means continuous, excessive hunger

A

bulimia

118
Q

describes the presence of more than one disease or health condition in an individual at a given time

A

comorbidity

119
Q

is a temporary impairment (stopage) of bowel action that is considered to be a normal response to abdominal surgery

A

postoperative ileus

120
Q

is tissue death that is associated with a loss of normal circulation

A

gangrene

121
Q

pain caused by the passage of a gallstone through the bile duct

A

biliary colic

122
Q

used for the upper GI series

A

barium swallow

123
Q

used for the lower GI series

A

barium enema

124
Q

such as bran, treat constipation by helping fecal matter retain water and remain soft as it moves through the intestines

A

bulk-forming laxatives

125
Q

means not in or through the digestive system

A

parenteral

126
Q

is performed through an incision in the right side of the upper abdomen

A

open cholecystectomy

127
Q

is the surgical removal of the gallbladder using a laparoscope and other instruments inserted through three or four small incisions in the abdominal wall

A

laparoscopic cholecystectomy (lap choley)

► Med Terminology (65 decks)

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