Chapter 9 - The Endocrine System Flashcards
A gland on the superior surface of the kidney.
adrenal gland
Pertaining to a ductless gland that secretes hormones into the blood
endocrine
A secretion of an endocrine gland. A substance that travels in the blood and has a regulatory effect on tissues, organs, or glands
hormone
The pituitary gland (root: hypophys); named from hypo, meaning “below,” and physis, meaning “growing,” because the gland grows below the hypothalamus
hypophysis
A portion of the brain that controls the pituitary gland and is active in maintaining homeostasis
hypothalamus
Cluster of endocrine cells in the pancreas that secretes hormones to regulate glucose metabolism
pancreatic islet
A small endocrine gland on the posterior thyroid that acts to increase blood calcium levels
parathyroid gland
A small gland in the brain. Appears to regulate mood, daily rhythms, and sexual development in response to environmental light
pineal gland
A small endocrine gland at the base of the brain. The anterior lobe secretes growth hormone and hormones that stimulate other glands
pituitary gland
A group of hormones produced throughout the body that have a variety of effects, including stimulation of uterine contractions and regulation of blood pressure, blood clotting, and inflammation
prostaglandins
A hormone made from lipids and including the sex hormones and the hormones of the adrenal cortex
steroid hormone
A site on the cell membrane or within the cell to which a substance, such as a hormone, attaches
receptor
The specific tissue on which a hormone acts; may also be called the target organ
target tissue
An endocrine gland on either side of the larynx and upper trachea. It secretes hormones that affect metabolism and growth (roots: thyr/o, thyroid/o).
thyroid gland
A neoplasm of a gland
adenoma
Excess glucose in the blood
hyperglycemia
Abnormally low level of glucose in the blood
hypoglycemia
A condition resulting from an overdose of insulin, causing hypoglycemia
insulin shock
The adrenal glands are located near the:
kidneys
Hormones produced by the adrenal cortex include:
cortisol and aldosterone
Insulin and glucagon regulate blood levels of:
glucose
A thyrolytic substance:
destroys thyroid tissue
The thymus gland acts as part of the:
immune system
The part of the brain that controls the pituitary is the:
hypothalamus
Target tissue for a hormone is determined by the presence of:
receptors
Protein hormones are composed of:
amino acids
The adjective adrenocortical refers to the:
outer region of the adrenal gland
A thyrolytic substance is:
damaging to the thyroid gland
Acts on the adrenal cortex
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Diabetes insipidus affects:
water balance
Addison disease and Cushing syndrome involve the:
adrenal cortex
Graves disease is:
an autoimmune hyperthyroidism
A small gland in the brain that is regulated by light is the:
pineal
FPG, FBS, and OGTT are tests of:
glucose metabolism
A pheochromocytoma is a(n):
tumor of the adrenal medulla
The glycated hemoglobin test is used in treating:
diabetes mellitus
T3 and T4 are forms of:
thyroid hormone
Overgrowth caused by an excess of growth hormone from the pituitary during childhood
gigantism
Enlargement of the thyroid gland. May be toxic or nontoxic.
goiter
The adrenal cortex produces _____.
steroids
The _______ secretes hormones that will increase the heart rate.
adrenal medulla
The endocrine system is composed of _____ and their hormones.
glands
The endocrine system is responsible for _______.
maintaining homeostasis
The pituitary gland as a whole is also referred to as the _____.
hypophysis
The _____ gland secretes melatonin.
pineal
A small gland in the brain that is regulated by light is the _____.
pineal
The pancreas secretes _______.
insulin and glucagon
The part of the brain that controls the pituitary is the _____.
hypothalamus
_______ helps regulate water and electrolyte balance.
ADH and Aldosterone
Thyroid hormones contain the element _____.
iodine
A hormone that regulates electrolyte excretion is _____.
aldosterone
Which hormone aids in metabolism and aids the body during stress?
cortisol
_______ from the ______ decreases blood glucose levels.
Insulin; pancreas
Increases blood sugar levels
glucagon
Decreases blood sugar levels
insulin
Acromegaly is characterized by overgrowth of _____.
bone
The blood test that measures the amount of glucose in the blood after administering a dose of glucose to the patient is known as what?
glucose tolerant test
The A1c test measures the amount of _______ in the blood.
glucose
Surgical removal of the thyroid:
thyroidectomy
The glycosylated hemoglobin test is used in evaluating _____.
diabetes mellitus
Any disease of the adrenal gland
Adrenopathy
Graves disease is the result of _______.
hyperthyroidism
Enlargement of the thyroid gland is _______.
thyromegaly
Total underactivity of the pituitary gland is known as _____.
panhypopituitarism
Thyroid function can be tested by measuring the thyroid’s uptake of which element?
iodine
The excision of the adrenal gland:
adrenalectomy
Diabetes insipidus affects _____.
water balance
A condition caused by excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal cortex
Cushing disease
FPG, FBS, and OGTT are tests of _____.
glucose metabolism
A condition involving protruding or bulging eyes:
exophthalmos
_____ is a chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism.
diabetes mellitus (DM)
Diabetes insipidus results from a deficiency of _____.
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
GH means:
growth hormone
Gonadotropins act on the _____.
ovary and testis
A condition that involves excessive secretion of thyroid hormone, causing goiter and exophthalmos aka autoimmune hyperthyroidism
Graves disease
An autoimmune disorder that causes hypothyroidism is _______.
Hashimoto
An excessive growth of hair or hair growth in unusual places
hirsutism
Ketosis is one sign of _____.
diabetes mellitus
Surgical removal of the pituitary gland
hypophysectomy
_______ indicates sugar in the urine.
Glycosuria
Excessive thirst is:
polydipsia
RAIU, TBG, and FTI are tests of:
thyroid function
RIA is used to measure _____.
hormone levels
