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Anatomy, Physiology, and Terminology > Chapter 9 - The Endocrine System > Flashcards

Chapter 9 - The Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

A gland on the superior surface of the kidney.

A

adrenal gland

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2
Q

Pertaining to a ductless gland that secretes hormones into the blood

A

endocrine

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3
Q

A secretion of an endocrine gland. A substance that travels in the blood and has a regulatory effect on tissues, organs, or glands

A

hormone

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4
Q

The pituitary gland (root: hypophys); named from hypo, meaning “below,” and physis, meaning “growing,” because the gland grows below the hypothalamus

A

hypophysis

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5
Q

A portion of the brain that controls the pituitary gland and is active in maintaining homeostasis

A

hypothalamus

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6
Q

Cluster of endocrine cells in the pancreas that secretes hormones to regulate glucose metabolism

A

pancreatic islet

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7
Q

A small endocrine gland on the posterior thyroid that acts to increase blood calcium levels

A

parathyroid gland

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8
Q

A small gland in the brain. Appears to regulate mood, daily rhythms, and sexual development in response to environmental light

A

pineal gland

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9
Q

A small endocrine gland at the base of the brain. The anterior lobe secretes growth hormone and hormones that stimulate other glands

A

pituitary gland

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10
Q

A group of hormones produced throughout the body that have a variety of effects, including stimulation of uterine contractions and regulation of blood pressure, blood clotting, and inflammation

A

prostaglandins

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10
Q

A hormone made from lipids and including the sex hormones and the hormones of the adrenal cortex

A

steroid hormone

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11
Q

A site on the cell membrane or within the cell to which a substance, such as a hormone, attaches

A

receptor

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12
Q

The specific tissue on which a hormone acts; may also be called the target organ

A

target tissue

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13
Q

An endocrine gland on either side of the larynx and upper trachea. It secretes hormones that affect metabolism and growth (roots: thyr/o, thyroid/o).

A

thyroid gland

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14
Q

A neoplasm of a gland

A

adenoma

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15
Q

Excess glucose in the blood

A

hyperglycemia

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16
Q

Abnormally low level of glucose in the blood

A

hypoglycemia

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17
Q

A condition resulting from an overdose of insulin, causing hypoglycemia

A

insulin shock

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18
Q

The adrenal glands are located near the:

A

kidneys

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19
Q

Hormones produced by the adrenal cortex include:

A

cortisol and aldosterone

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20
Q

Insulin and glucagon regulate blood levels of:

A

glucose

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21
Q

A thyrolytic substance:

A

destroys thyroid tissue

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21
Q

The thymus gland acts as part of the:

A

immune system

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22
Q

The part of the brain that controls the pituitary is the:

A

hypothalamus

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23
Q

Target tissue for a hormone is determined by the presence of:

A

receptors

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24
Q

Protein hormones are composed of:

A

amino acids

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25
Q

The adjective adrenocortical refers to the:

A

outer region of the adrenal gland

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26
Q

A thyrolytic substance is:

A

damaging to the thyroid gland

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27
Q

Acts on the adrenal cortex

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

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28
Q

Diabetes insipidus affects:

A

water balance

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29
Q

Addison disease and Cushing syndrome involve the:

A

adrenal cortex

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30
Q

Graves disease is:

A

an autoimmune hyperthyroidism

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31
Q

A small gland in the brain that is regulated by light is the:

A

pineal

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32
Q

FPG, FBS, and OGTT are tests of:

A

glucose metabolism

33
Q

A pheochromocytoma is a(n):

A

tumor of the adrenal medulla

34
Q

The glycated hemoglobin test is used in treating:

A

diabetes mellitus

34
Q

T3 and T4 are forms of:

A

thyroid hormone

35
Q

Overgrowth caused by an excess of growth hormone from the pituitary during childhood

A

gigantism

36
Q

Enlargement of the thyroid gland. May be toxic or nontoxic.

A

goiter

37
Q

The adrenal cortex produces _____.

A

steroids

38
Q

The _______ secretes hormones that will increase the heart rate.

A

adrenal medulla

39
Q

The endocrine system is composed of _____ and their hormones.

A

glands

40
Q

The endocrine system is responsible for _______.

A

maintaining homeostasis

41
Q

The pituitary gland as a whole is also referred to as the _____.

A

hypophysis

42
Q

The _____ gland secretes melatonin.

A

pineal

43
Q

A small gland in the brain that is regulated by light is the _____.

A

pineal

44
Q

The pancreas secretes _______.

A

insulin and glucagon

45
Q

The part of the brain that controls the pituitary is the _____.

A

hypothalamus

46
Q

_______ helps regulate water and electrolyte balance.

A

ADH and Aldosterone

47
Q

Thyroid hormones contain the element _____.

A

iodine

48
Q

A hormone that regulates electrolyte excretion is _____.

A

aldosterone

49
Q

Which hormone aids in metabolism and aids the body during stress?

A

cortisol

50
Q

_______ from the ______ decreases blood glucose levels.

A

Insulin; pancreas

51
Q

Increases blood sugar levels

A

glucagon

52
Q

Decreases blood sugar levels

A

insulin

53
Q

Acromegaly is characterized by overgrowth of _____.

A

bone

54
Q

The blood test that measures the amount of glucose in the blood after administering a dose of glucose to the patient is known as what?

A

glucose tolerant test

55
Q

The A1c test measures the amount of _______ in the blood.

A

glucose

56
Q

Surgical removal of the thyroid:

A

thyroidectomy

57
Q

The glycosylated hemoglobin test is used in evaluating _____.

A

diabetes mellitus

58
Q

Any disease of the adrenal gland

A

Adrenopathy

59
Q

Graves disease is the result of _______.

A

hyperthyroidism

60
Q

Enlargement of the thyroid gland is _______.

A

thyromegaly

61
Q

Total underactivity of the pituitary gland is known as _____.

A

panhypopituitarism

62
Q

Thyroid function can be tested by measuring the thyroid’s uptake of which element?

A

iodine

63
Q

The excision of the adrenal gland:

A

adrenalectomy

64
Q

Diabetes insipidus affects _____.

A

water balance

65
Q

A condition caused by excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal cortex

A

Cushing disease

66
Q

FPG, FBS, and OGTT are tests of _____.

A

glucose metabolism

67
Q

A condition involving protruding or bulging eyes:

A

exophthalmos

68
Q

_____ is a chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism.

A

diabetes mellitus (DM)

69
Q

Diabetes insipidus results from a deficiency of _____.

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

70
Q

GH means:

A

growth hormone

71
Q

Gonadotropins act on the _____.

A

ovary and testis

72
Q

A condition that involves excessive secretion of thyroid hormone, causing goiter and exophthalmos aka autoimmune hyperthyroidism

A

Graves disease

73
Q

An autoimmune disorder that causes hypothyroidism is _______.

A

Hashimoto

74
Q

An excessive growth of hair or hair growth in unusual places

A

hirsutism

75
Q

Ketosis is one sign of _____.

A

diabetes mellitus

76
Q

Surgical removal of the pituitary gland

A

hypophysectomy

77
Q

_______ indicates sugar in the urine.

A

Glycosuria

78
Q

Excessive thirst is:

A

polydipsia

79
Q

RAIU, TBG, and FTI are tests of:

A

thyroid function

80
Q

RIA is used to measure _____.

A

hormone levels

Anatomy, Physiology, and Terminology (15 decks)

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