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Anatomy, Physiology, and Terminology > Chapter 10 - Cardiovascular & Lymphatic Systems > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Cardiovascular & Lymphatic Systems Flashcards

1
Q

The largest artery. It receives blood from the left ventricle and branches to all parts of the body (root: aort/o)

A

aorta

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2
Q

The point of a cone-shaped structure (adjective, apical)

A

apex

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3
Q

The valve at the entrance to the aorta

A

aortic valve

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4
Q

A small mass in the lower septum of the right atrium that passes impulses from the sinoatrial (SA) node toward the ventricles

A

atrioventricular (AV) node

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4
Q

A vessel that carries blood away from the heart. All except the pulmonary and umbilical arteries carry oxygenated blood (root: arteri/o)

A

artery

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5
Q

A small vessel that carries blood from the arteries into the capillaries (root: arteriol/o)

A

arteriole

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6
Q

A valve between the atrium and ventricle on the right and left sides of the heart.

A

atrioventricular (AV) valve

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7
Q

An entrance chamber, one of the two upper receiving chambers of the heart (root atri/o)

A

atrium

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8
Q

A band of fibers that transmits impulses from the atrioventricular (AV) node to the top of the interventricular septum.

A

AV bundle

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9
Q

The force exerted by blood against the wall of a vessel

A

blood pressure

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10
Q

Branches of the AV bundle that divide to the right and left sides of the interventricular septum

A

bundle branches

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11
Q

A microscopic blood vessel through which materials are exchanged between the blood and the tissues

A

capillary

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12
Q

The part of the circulatory system that consists of the heart and the blood vessels

A

cardiovascular system

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13
Q

The blood vessels in the heart that provide oxygen and nourishment and remove waste products from the myocardium

A

coronary circulation

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14
Q

The relaxation phase of the heartbeat cycle; adjective, diastolic

A

diastole

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14
Q

A change in electrical charge from the resting state in nerves or muscles

A

depolarization

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15
Q

Study of the electrical activity of the heart as detected by electrodes (leads) placed on the surface of the body.

A

electrocardiography (ECG)

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16
Q

The thin outermost layer of the heart wall

A

epicardium

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17
Q

The thin membrane that lines the chambers of the heart and covers the valves

A

endocardium

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18
Q

Any sound produced as the heart functions normally

A

functional murmur

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19
Q

The muscular organ with four chambers that contracts rhythmically to propel blood through vessels to all parts of the body (root: cardi/o)

A

heart

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20
Q

The number of times the heart contracts per minute; recorded as beats per minute (bpm)

A

heart rate

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21
Q

Sounds produced as the heart functions.

A

heart sounds

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22
Q

The large inferior vein that brings blood back to the right atrium of the heart from the lower body

A

inferior vena cava

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23
Q

The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; the mitral valve or bicuspid valve

A

left AV valve

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24
Q

The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; the left AV valve or bicuspid valve

A

mitral valve

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25
Q

The thick middle layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac muscle

A

myocardium

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26
Q

The fibrous sac that surrounds the heart

A

pericaridum

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27
Q

The vessel that carries blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs

A

pulmonary artery

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28
Q

The system of vessels that carries blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated and then back to the left side of the heart

A

pulmonary circuit

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29
Q

The valve at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

A

pulmonary valve

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29
Q

The vessels that carry blood from the lungs to the left side of the heart

A

pulmonary veins

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30
Q

The wave of increased pressure produced in the vessels each time the ventricles contract

A

pulse

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31
Q

A return of electrical charge to the resting state in nerves or muscles

A

repolarization

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31
Q

The terminal fibers of the conducting system of the heart. They carry impulses through the walls of the ventricles

A

Purkinje fibers

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32
Q

The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle; the tricuspid valve

A

right AV valve

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33
Q

A wall dividing two cavities, such as the chambers of the heart

A

septum

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34
Q

Normal heart rhythm

A

sinus rhythm

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35
Q

A small mass in the upper part of the right atrium that initiates the impulse for each heartbeat; the pacemaker

A

sinoatrial (SA) node

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36
Q

An instrument for determining arterial blood pressure (root sphygm/o means “pulse”); blood pressure apparatus or cuff

A

sphygmomanometer

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37
Q

The system of vessels that carries oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to all tissues except the lungs and returns deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart

A

systemic circuit

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38
Q

The large superior vein that brings deoxygenated blood back to the right atrium from the upper body

A

superior vena cava

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39
Q

The contraction phase of the heartbeat cycle; adjective: systolic

A

systole

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40
Q

A structure that keeps fluid flowing in a forward direction (root: valv/o, valvul/o)

A

valve

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41
Q

A vessel that carries blood back to the heart. All except the pulmonary and umbilical veins carry blood low in oxygen (root: ven/o, phleb/o)

A

vein

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42
Q

A small cavity. One of the two lower pumping chambers of the heart (root: ventricul/o)

A

ventricle

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43
Q

A small vessel that carries blood from the capillaries to the veins

A

venule

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44
Q

A tube or duct to transport fluid (root: angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o)

A

vessel

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45
Q

A slow heart rate of less than 60 bpm

A

bradycardia

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45
Q

Any abnormality in the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat (literally “without rhythm”

A

arrhythmia

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45
Q

A localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel, usually an artery, caused by weakness of the vessel wall; may eventually burst

A

aneurysm

46
Q

Bluish discoloration of the skin caused by lack of oxygen

A

cyanosis

47
Q

Enlargement of the ends of the fingers and toes caused by growth of the soft tissue around the nails. Seen in a variety of diseases in which there is poor peripheral circulation

A

clubbing

48
Q

Thrombophlebitis involving the deep veins

A

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

48
Q

Profuse sweating

A

diaphoresis

49
Q

Difficult or labored breathing (-pnea)

A

dyspnea

50
Q

Swelling of body tissues caused by the presence of excess fluid. Causes include cardiovascular disturbances, kidney failure, inflammation, and malnutrition

A

edema

51
Q

A condition caused by the inability of the heart to maintain adequate circulation of blood

A

heart failure

52
Q

An interference in the conduction system of the heart resulting in arrhythmia

A

heart block

53
Q

A varicose vein in the rectum

A

hemorrhoid

54
Q

Obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot or other matter carried in the circulation

A

embolism

55
Q

A mass carried in the circulation. Usually a blood clot, but also may be air, fat, bacteria, or other solid matter from within or from outside the body

A

embolus

56
Q

Spontaneous, quivering, and ineffectual contraction of muscle fibers, as in the atria or the ventricles

A

fibrillation

57
Q

An abnormal heart sound

A

murmur

58
Q

An area of localized necrosis (death) of tissue resulting from a blockage or a narrowing of the artery that supplies the area

A

infarct

59
Q

A closing off or obstruction, as of a vessel

A

occlusion

60
Q

Inflammation of a vein

A

phlebitis

61
Q

Damage to heart valves after infection with a type of streptococcus (group A hemolytic streptococcus). The antibodies produced in response to the infection produce valvular scarring, usually involving the mitral valve

A

rheumatic heart disease

62
Q

A temporary loss of consciousness caused by inadequate blood flow to the brain; fainting

A

syncope

63
Q

An abnormally rapid heart rate, usually over 100 bpm

A

tachycardia

64
Q

Constriction or narrowing of an opening

A

stenosis

65
Q

Circulatory failure resulting in an inadequate supply of blood to the tissues.

A

shock

66
Q

A twisted and swollen vein resulting from breakdown of the valves, pooling of blood, and chronic dilatation of the vessel (root: varic/o)

A

varicose vein

67
Q

Development of a blood clot within a vessel

A

thrombosis

68
Q

A small metal device in the shape of a coil or slotted tube that is placed inside an artery to keep the vessel open after balloon angioplasty

A

stent

69
Q

Use of an electronic device (defibrillator) to stop fibrillation by delivering a brief electric shock to the heart.

A

defibrillation

70
Q

Evaluation of physical fitness by continuous ECG monitoring during exercise.

A

stress test

71
Q

A protein in muscle cells that regulates contraction.

A

troponin (Tn)

72
Q

A small, finger-like mass of lymphoid tissue attached to the first part of the large intestine

A

appendix

73
Q

The thin plasma-like fluid that drains from the tissues and is transported in lymphatic vessels (root: lymph/o)

A

lymph

74
Q

A small mass of lymphoid tissue along the path of a lymphatic vessel that filters lymph (root: lymphaden/o)

A

lymph node

75
Q

The system that drains fluid and proteins from the tissues and returns them to the bloodstream. This system also participates in immunity and aids in absorption of fats from the digestive tract

A

Lymphatic system

76
Q

Aggregates of lymphoid tissue in the lining of the intestine

A

Peyer patches

77
Q

The lymphatic duct that drains fluid from the upper right side of the body

A

right lymphatic duct

78
Q

A lymphoid organ in the upper part of the chest beneath the sternum. It functions in immunity (root: thym/o)

A

thymus

78
Q

A large reddish-brown organ in the upper left region of the abdomen. It filters blood and destroys old red blood cells (root: splen/o)

A

spleen

79
Q

The lymphatic duct that drains fluid from the upper left side of the body and all of the lower body/left lymphatic duct

A

thoracic duct

80
Q

Small mass of lymphoid tissue located in region of the throat (pharynx)

A

tonsil

81
Q

Any neoplastic disease of lymphoid tissue

A

lymphoma

81
Q

Inflammation and enlargement of lymph nodes, usually as a result of infection

A

lymphadenitis

82
Q

Inflammation of lymphatic vessels as a result of bacterial infection. Appears as painful red streaks under the skin

A

lymphangitis

83
Q

Swelling of tissues with lymph caused by obstruction or excision of lymphatic vessels

A

Lymphedema

84
Q

The thick muscular layer of the heart is the:

A

myocardium

85
Q

A sinus rhythm originates in the:

A

SA node

86
Q

The aortic valve is a(n):

A

semilunar valve

87
Q

The left ventricle pumps blood into the:

A

aorta

88
Q

Phlebectasia is:

A

dilatation of a vein

89
Q

Posterolateral branches are located:

A

toward the back and side

90
Q

A small vein is a(n):

A

venule

91
Q

A term that means ‘between the ventricles’ is:

A

interventricular

92
Q

A septum is a:

A

dividing wall

93
Q

A factor that contributes to atherosclerosis is:

A

dyslipidemia

94
Q

What refers to the restoration of a normal heart rhythm?

A

cardioversion

95
Q

A patient has a blood pressure reading of 132/74 mmHg; 132 represents the:

A

systolic pressure

96
Q

Cardioptosis is:

A

downward displacement of the heart.

97
Q

The root in ischemia means:

A

blood.

98
Q

Enlarged veins in the rectum are:

A

hemorrhoids

98
Q

An enlarged and twisted vein is a varix. The adjective and plural forms of varix are:

A

varicose and varices

99
Q

The scientific name for a ‘heart attack’ is:

A

myocardial infarction

100
Q

A slower-than-average heart rate is termed:

A

bradycardia

101
Q

What is not considered to be part of the lymphatic system?

A

liver

102
Q

The adjective for tonsil is:

A

tonsillar

103
Q

What is not lymphatic tissue?

A

varix

104
Q

The thoracic duct:

A

drains lymph from lower body and upper left side.

104
Q

Most lymph is drained back to the heart through the:

A

thoracic duct

104
Q

In phlebostasis:

A

blood flow stops in a vein

105
Q

Polyarteritis is:

A

inflammation of many arteries.

106
Q

Lymphadenopathy is:

A

any disease of a lymph node

107
Q

A lymphangioma is a(n):

A

tumor of lymphatic vessels

108
Q

Asplenia is:

A

absence of the spleen.

109
Q

Extrasystole is:

A

an additional heartbeat.

110
Q

What’s the primary accent in extrasystole?

A

sis

110
Q

Phonocardiography is a(n):

A

recording of heart sounds.

111
Q

Interruption of lymph flow causes:

A

lymphedema

112
Q

What’s the primary accent in lymphangitis?

A

i

Anatomy, Physiology, and Terminology (15 decks)

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