Chapter 10 - Cardiovascular & Lymphatic Systems Flashcards
The largest artery. It receives blood from the left ventricle and branches to all parts of the body (root: aort/o)
aorta
The point of a cone-shaped structure (adjective, apical)
apex
The valve at the entrance to the aorta
aortic valve
A small mass in the lower septum of the right atrium that passes impulses from the sinoatrial (SA) node toward the ventricles
atrioventricular (AV) node
A vessel that carries blood away from the heart. All except the pulmonary and umbilical arteries carry oxygenated blood (root: arteri/o)
artery
A small vessel that carries blood from the arteries into the capillaries (root: arteriol/o)
arteriole
A valve between the atrium and ventricle on the right and left sides of the heart.
atrioventricular (AV) valve
An entrance chamber, one of the two upper receiving chambers of the heart (root atri/o)
atrium
A band of fibers that transmits impulses from the atrioventricular (AV) node to the top of the interventricular septum.
AV bundle
The force exerted by blood against the wall of a vessel
blood pressure
Branches of the AV bundle that divide to the right and left sides of the interventricular septum
bundle branches
A microscopic blood vessel through which materials are exchanged between the blood and the tissues
capillary
The part of the circulatory system that consists of the heart and the blood vessels
cardiovascular system
The blood vessels in the heart that provide oxygen and nourishment and remove waste products from the myocardium
coronary circulation
The relaxation phase of the heartbeat cycle; adjective, diastolic
diastole
A change in electrical charge from the resting state in nerves or muscles
depolarization
Study of the electrical activity of the heart as detected by electrodes (leads) placed on the surface of the body.
electrocardiography (ECG)
The thin outermost layer of the heart wall
epicardium
The thin membrane that lines the chambers of the heart and covers the valves
endocardium
Any sound produced as the heart functions normally
functional murmur
The muscular organ with four chambers that contracts rhythmically to propel blood through vessels to all parts of the body (root: cardi/o)
heart
The number of times the heart contracts per minute; recorded as beats per minute (bpm)
heart rate
Sounds produced as the heart functions.
heart sounds
The large inferior vein that brings blood back to the right atrium of the heart from the lower body
inferior vena cava
The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; the mitral valve or bicuspid valve
left AV valve
The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; the left AV valve or bicuspid valve
mitral valve
The thick middle layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac muscle
myocardium
The fibrous sac that surrounds the heart
pericaridum
The vessel that carries blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs
pulmonary artery
The system of vessels that carries blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated and then back to the left side of the heart
pulmonary circuit
The valve at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
pulmonary valve
The vessels that carry blood from the lungs to the left side of the heart
pulmonary veins
The wave of increased pressure produced in the vessels each time the ventricles contract
pulse
A return of electrical charge to the resting state in nerves or muscles
repolarization
The terminal fibers of the conducting system of the heart. They carry impulses through the walls of the ventricles
Purkinje fibers
The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle; the tricuspid valve
right AV valve
A wall dividing two cavities, such as the chambers of the heart
septum
Normal heart rhythm
sinus rhythm
A small mass in the upper part of the right atrium that initiates the impulse for each heartbeat; the pacemaker
sinoatrial (SA) node
An instrument for determining arterial blood pressure (root sphygm/o means “pulse”); blood pressure apparatus or cuff
sphygmomanometer
The system of vessels that carries oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to all tissues except the lungs and returns deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart
systemic circuit
The large superior vein that brings deoxygenated blood back to the right atrium from the upper body
superior vena cava
The contraction phase of the heartbeat cycle; adjective: systolic
systole
A structure that keeps fluid flowing in a forward direction (root: valv/o, valvul/o)
valve
A vessel that carries blood back to the heart. All except the pulmonary and umbilical veins carry blood low in oxygen (root: ven/o, phleb/o)
vein
A small cavity. One of the two lower pumping chambers of the heart (root: ventricul/o)
ventricle
A small vessel that carries blood from the capillaries to the veins
venule
A tube or duct to transport fluid (root: angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o)
vessel
A slow heart rate of less than 60 bpm
bradycardia
Any abnormality in the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat (literally “without rhythm”
arrhythmia
A localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel, usually an artery, caused by weakness of the vessel wall; may eventually burst
aneurysm
Bluish discoloration of the skin caused by lack of oxygen
cyanosis
Enlargement of the ends of the fingers and toes caused by growth of the soft tissue around the nails. Seen in a variety of diseases in which there is poor peripheral circulation
clubbing
Thrombophlebitis involving the deep veins
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Profuse sweating
diaphoresis
Difficult or labored breathing (-pnea)
dyspnea
Swelling of body tissues caused by the presence of excess fluid. Causes include cardiovascular disturbances, kidney failure, inflammation, and malnutrition
edema
A condition caused by the inability of the heart to maintain adequate circulation of blood
heart failure
An interference in the conduction system of the heart resulting in arrhythmia
heart block
A varicose vein in the rectum
hemorrhoid
Obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot or other matter carried in the circulation
embolism
A mass carried in the circulation. Usually a blood clot, but also may be air, fat, bacteria, or other solid matter from within or from outside the body
embolus
Spontaneous, quivering, and ineffectual contraction of muscle fibers, as in the atria or the ventricles
fibrillation
An abnormal heart sound
murmur
An area of localized necrosis (death) of tissue resulting from a blockage or a narrowing of the artery that supplies the area
infarct
A closing off or obstruction, as of a vessel
occlusion
Inflammation of a vein
phlebitis
Damage to heart valves after infection with a type of streptococcus (group A hemolytic streptococcus). The antibodies produced in response to the infection produce valvular scarring, usually involving the mitral valve
rheumatic heart disease
A temporary loss of consciousness caused by inadequate blood flow to the brain; fainting
syncope
An abnormally rapid heart rate, usually over 100 bpm
tachycardia
Constriction or narrowing of an opening
stenosis
Circulatory failure resulting in an inadequate supply of blood to the tissues.
shock
A twisted and swollen vein resulting from breakdown of the valves, pooling of blood, and chronic dilatation of the vessel (root: varic/o)
varicose vein
Development of a blood clot within a vessel
thrombosis
A small metal device in the shape of a coil or slotted tube that is placed inside an artery to keep the vessel open after balloon angioplasty
stent
Use of an electronic device (defibrillator) to stop fibrillation by delivering a brief electric shock to the heart.
defibrillation
Evaluation of physical fitness by continuous ECG monitoring during exercise.
stress test
A protein in muscle cells that regulates contraction.
troponin (Tn)
A small, finger-like mass of lymphoid tissue attached to the first part of the large intestine
appendix
The thin plasma-like fluid that drains from the tissues and is transported in lymphatic vessels (root: lymph/o)
lymph
A small mass of lymphoid tissue along the path of a lymphatic vessel that filters lymph (root: lymphaden/o)
lymph node
The system that drains fluid and proteins from the tissues and returns them to the bloodstream. This system also participates in immunity and aids in absorption of fats from the digestive tract
Lymphatic system
Aggregates of lymphoid tissue in the lining of the intestine
Peyer patches
The lymphatic duct that drains fluid from the upper right side of the body
right lymphatic duct
A lymphoid organ in the upper part of the chest beneath the sternum. It functions in immunity (root: thym/o)
thymus
A large reddish-brown organ in the upper left region of the abdomen. It filters blood and destroys old red blood cells (root: splen/o)
spleen
The lymphatic duct that drains fluid from the upper left side of the body and all of the lower body/left lymphatic duct
thoracic duct
Small mass of lymphoid tissue located in region of the throat (pharynx)
tonsil
Any neoplastic disease of lymphoid tissue
lymphoma
Inflammation and enlargement of lymph nodes, usually as a result of infection
lymphadenitis
Inflammation of lymphatic vessels as a result of bacterial infection. Appears as painful red streaks under the skin
lymphangitis
Swelling of tissues with lymph caused by obstruction or excision of lymphatic vessels
Lymphedema
The thick muscular layer of the heart is the:
myocardium
A sinus rhythm originates in the:
SA node
The aortic valve is a(n):
semilunar valve
The left ventricle pumps blood into the:
aorta
Phlebectasia is:
dilatation of a vein
Posterolateral branches are located:
toward the back and side
A small vein is a(n):
venule
A term that means ‘between the ventricles’ is:
interventricular
A septum is a:
dividing wall
A factor that contributes to atherosclerosis is:
dyslipidemia
What refers to the restoration of a normal heart rhythm?
cardioversion
A patient has a blood pressure reading of 132/74 mmHg; 132 represents the:
systolic pressure
Cardioptosis is:
downward displacement of the heart.
The root in ischemia means:
blood.
Enlarged veins in the rectum are:
hemorrhoids
An enlarged and twisted vein is a varix. The adjective and plural forms of varix are:
varicose and varices
The scientific name for a ‘heart attack’ is:
myocardial infarction
A slower-than-average heart rate is termed:
bradycardia
What is not considered to be part of the lymphatic system?
liver
The adjective for tonsil is:
tonsillar
What is not lymphatic tissue?
varix
The thoracic duct:
drains lymph from lower body and upper left side.
Most lymph is drained back to the heart through the:
thoracic duct
In phlebostasis:
blood flow stops in a vein
Polyarteritis is:
inflammation of many arteries.
Lymphadenopathy is:
any disease of a lymph node
A lymphangioma is a(n):
tumor of lymphatic vessels
Asplenia is:
absence of the spleen.
Extrasystole is:
an additional heartbeat.
What’s the primary accent in extrasystole?
sis
Phonocardiography is a(n):
recording of heart sounds.
Interruption of lymph flow causes:
lymphedema
What’s the primary accent in lymphangitis?
i
