Chapter 5 - The Skeletal System Flashcards
The shaft of a long bone
diaphysis
The growth region of a long bone; located in the metaphysis, between the diaphysis and epiphysis; when bone growth ceases, this area appears as the epiphyseal line; also spelled epiphysial
epiphyseal plate
The irregularly shaped end of a long bone
epiphysis
The large, flared, superior portion of the pelvic bone (root: ili/o) (adj: iliac)
ilium
The junction between two bones; articulation (root: arthr/o)
joint
The region of a long bone between the diaphysis (shaft) and epiphysis (end); during development, the growing region of a long bone
metaphysis
The formation of bone tissue (from Latin os, meaning: “bone”)
ossification
A cell that produces bone tissue
osteoblast
Study of diseases of skeletal and muscular system.
Orthopedics
A cell that destroys bone tissue
osteoclast
A mature bone cell that nourishes and maintains bone tissue
osteocyte
The bony socket in the hip bone that holds the head of the femur
acetabulum
The joint (adj: articular)
articulation
The first cervical vertebra (root: atlant/o)
atlas
The second cervical vertebra
axis
A calcified form of dense connective tissue; osseus tissue; also an individual unit of the skeleton made of such tissue (root: oste/o)
bone
The soft material that fills bone cavities (root: myel/o)
bone marrow
A fluid-filled sac that reduces friction near a joint (root: burs/o)
bursa
A freely movable joint; also called a synovial joint (adj: diarthrotic)
diarthrosis
A type of dense connective tissue that is found in the skeleton, larynx, trachea, and bronchi. Precursor to most bone tissue (root: chondr/o)
cartilage
The large ring of bone at the inferior trunk formed of the two hip bones joined to the sacrum and coccyx
pelvis
The fibrous membrane that covers a bone’s surface
periosteum
Removal of bone by breakdown and absorption into the circulation
resorption
The body’s bony framework, consisting of 206 bones (root: skelet/o)
skeleton
How many bones are in the human body?
206 bones
An immovable joint, such as the joints between the skull bones
suture
The fluid contained in a freely movable (diarthrotic) joint; synovia (root: synov/i)
synovial fluid
A slightly movable joint
symphysis
A freely movable joint; has a joint cavity containing synovial fluid; a diarthrosis
synovial joint
A fibrous band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone
tendon
The upper part of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen
thorax
A malignant tumor of cartilage
chondrosarcoma
Immobility and fixation of a joint
ankylosis
Inflammation of a joint
arthritis
An exaggerated spinal curve; such as scoliosis, lordosis, or kyphosis
curvature of the spine
Osteoarthritis (hint: DJD)
degenerative joint disease
A break in a bone; broken bone does not penetrate the skin
fracture
A form of acute arthritis, usually beginning in the knee or foot, caused by deposit of uric acid salt in the joints
gout
Protrusion of the center (nucleus pulposus) of an intervertebral disk into the spinal canal; ruptured or “slipped” disk
herniated disk
An exaggerated curve of the spine in the thoracic region; hunchback, humpback
kyphosis
Progression deterioration of joint cartilage with growth of new bone and soft tissue in and around the joint; the most common form of arthritis; results from wear and tear, injury, or disease; AKA DJD
osteoarthritis (OA)
An exaggerated curve of the spine in the lumbar region; swayback
lordosis
A softening and weakening of the bones due to vitamin D deficiency or other disease
osteomalacia
A malignant bone tumor; osteosarcoma
osteogenic sarcoma
A lower-than-average bone density, which may foreshadow osteoporosis
osteopenia
Inflammation of bone and bone marrow caused by infection, usually bacterial
osteomyelitis
A condition characterized by reduction in bone density
osteoporosis
Skeletal disease of the elderly characterized by bone thickening and distortion with bowing of long bones
Paget disease
Inflammation of the vertebrae, usually caused by tuberculosis
Pott disease
A chronic autoimmune disease of unknown origin resulting in inflammation of peripheral joints and related structures (hint: RA)
rheumatoid arthritis
A group of antibodies found in the blood in cases of rheumatoid arthritis and other systemic diseases
rheumatoid factor
Faulty bone formation in children, usually caused by a deficiency of vitamin D
rickets
Severe pain in the leg along with the course of the sciatic nerve, spinal nerve root irritation
sciatica
A sideways curvature of the spine in any region
scoliosis
A forward displacement of one vertebra over another (-listhesis means “a slipping”)
spondylolisthesis
Degeneration of the articulating portions of a vertebra allowing for spinal distortion, specifically in the lumbar region
spondylolysis
An enzyme needed in the formation of bone; serum activity of this enzyme is useful in diagnosis
alkaline phosphatase
Aspiration of fluid from a joint by needle puncture
arthrocentesis
Surgical immobilization (fusion) of a joint; artificial ankylosis
arthrodesis
Partial or total replacement of a joint with a prosthesis
arthroplasty
Surgical removal of a herniated intervertebral disk
diskectomy (also spelled discectomy)
Use of an endoscopy to examine the interior of a joint or to perform surgery on the joint
arthroscopy
Return of a fractured bone to a normal position; may be closed or open
reduction of a fracture
The process of drawing or pulling
traction
Drug that reduces inflammation (hint: includes steroids)
anti-inflammatory agent
Agent used to prevent and treat osteoporosis
bisphosphonate
Drug that reduces inflammation but is not a steroid (ex. aspirin, ibuprofen)
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
Drug that acts on estrogen receptors; used to prevent bone loss after menopause
selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)
Attaches to muscle and bone
Tendon
formed from cartilage
bone
What color bone marrow does diaphysis have?
yellow bone marrow
What color bone marrow does epiphysis have?
red bone marrow
root: arthr/o
articulation
The bones of the wrist are:
carpals
The large, flared superior bone of the pelvis is:
ilium
A bone of a spinal column is a:
vertebra
The bone of the thigh is the:
femur
A fluid-filled sac near a join is a(n)
bursa
The fluid that fills a freely movable joint is
synovial fluid
Myelogenesis is the formation of
bone marrow
The type of tissue that covers the ends of the bones at the joints is
cartilage
The part of the vertebral column that articulates with the ilium is the
sacrum
The cervical vertebrae are in the region of the:
neck
The growth region of a long bone is the:
epiphyseal plate
An articulation is a:
joint
A joint between bones of the skull is a:
suture
The cranial bones are part of the:
skull
Chondrogenesis is formation of:
cartilage
The term chondroid means:
resembling cartilage.
A bursolith is a(n):
stone in a bursa
A sideways curvature of the spine is:
scoliosis
Spondylolisthesis is displacement of a:
vertebra
PIP, TMJ, and DJD refer to:
joints
A condyle, tubercle, and tuberosity are:
rounded projections
Carpal tunnel syndrome involves a nerve in the:
wrist
Scoliosis, lordosis, and kyphosis are:
curvatures of the spine
A discectomy is a surgical procedure done on the:
spine
A chondrosarcoma arises in:
cartilage
A joint can be drained by a technique called:
arthrocentesis
Another term for clubfoot is:
talipes
How many cranial bones are there?
eight (8)
How many facial bones are there?
fourteen (14)
