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Anatomy, Physiology, and Terminology > Chapter 5 - The Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - The Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

The shaft of a long bone

A

diaphysis

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2
Q

The growth region of a long bone; located in the metaphysis, between the diaphysis and epiphysis; when bone growth ceases, this area appears as the epiphyseal line; also spelled epiphysial

A

epiphyseal plate

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2
Q

The irregularly shaped end of a long bone

A

epiphysis

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3
Q

The large, flared, superior portion of the pelvic bone (root: ili/o) (adj: iliac)

A

ilium

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4
Q

The junction between two bones; articulation (root: arthr/o)

A

joint

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5
Q

The region of a long bone between the diaphysis (shaft) and epiphysis (end); during development, the growing region of a long bone

A

metaphysis

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6
Q

The formation of bone tissue (from Latin os, meaning: “bone”)

A

ossification

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7
Q

A cell that produces bone tissue

A

osteoblast

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8
Q

Study of diseases of skeletal and muscular system.

A

Orthopedics

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9
Q

A cell that destroys bone tissue

A

osteoclast

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10
Q

A mature bone cell that nourishes and maintains bone tissue

A

osteocyte

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11
Q

The bony socket in the hip bone that holds the head of the femur

A

acetabulum

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12
Q

The joint (adj: articular)

A

articulation

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13
Q

The first cervical vertebra (root: atlant/o)

A

atlas

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14
Q

The second cervical vertebra

A

axis

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15
Q

A calcified form of dense connective tissue; osseus tissue; also an individual unit of the skeleton made of such tissue (root: oste/o)

A

bone

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16
Q

The soft material that fills bone cavities (root: myel/o)

A

bone marrow

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17
Q

A fluid-filled sac that reduces friction near a joint (root: burs/o)

A

bursa

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17
Q

A freely movable joint; also called a synovial joint (adj: diarthrotic)

A

diarthrosis

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18
Q

A type of dense connective tissue that is found in the skeleton, larynx, trachea, and bronchi. Precursor to most bone tissue (root: chondr/o)

A

cartilage

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19
Q

The large ring of bone at the inferior trunk formed of the two hip bones joined to the sacrum and coccyx

A

pelvis

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20
Q

The fibrous membrane that covers a bone’s surface

A

periosteum

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21
Q

Removal of bone by breakdown and absorption into the circulation

A

resorption

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22
Q

The body’s bony framework, consisting of 206 bones (root: skelet/o)

A

skeleton

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23
Q

How many bones are in the human body?

A

206 bones

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24
Q

An immovable joint, such as the joints between the skull bones

A

suture

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25
Q

The fluid contained in a freely movable (diarthrotic) joint; synovia (root: synov/i)

A

synovial fluid

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25
Q

A slightly movable joint

A

symphysis

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26
Q

A freely movable joint; has a joint cavity containing synovial fluid; a diarthrosis

A

synovial joint

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27
Q

A fibrous band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone

A

tendon

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28
Q

The upper part of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen

A

thorax

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29
Q

A malignant tumor of cartilage

A

chondrosarcoma

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29
Q

Immobility and fixation of a joint

A

ankylosis

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30
Q

Inflammation of a joint

A

arthritis

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31
Q

An exaggerated spinal curve; such as scoliosis, lordosis, or kyphosis

A

curvature of the spine

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32
Q

Osteoarthritis (hint: DJD)

A

degenerative joint disease

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33
Q

A break in a bone; broken bone does not penetrate the skin

A

fracture

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34
Q

A form of acute arthritis, usually beginning in the knee or foot, caused by deposit of uric acid salt in the joints

A

gout

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35
Q

Protrusion of the center (nucleus pulposus) of an intervertebral disk into the spinal canal; ruptured or “slipped” disk

A

herniated disk

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36
Q

An exaggerated curve of the spine in the thoracic region; hunchback, humpback

A

kyphosis

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37
Q

Progression deterioration of joint cartilage with growth of new bone and soft tissue in and around the joint; the most common form of arthritis; results from wear and tear, injury, or disease; AKA DJD

A

osteoarthritis (OA)

37
Q

An exaggerated curve of the spine in the lumbar region; swayback

A

lordosis

38
Q

A softening and weakening of the bones due to vitamin D deficiency or other disease

A

osteomalacia

38
Q

A malignant bone tumor; osteosarcoma

A

osteogenic sarcoma

39
Q

A lower-than-average bone density, which may foreshadow osteoporosis

A

osteopenia

39
Q

Inflammation of bone and bone marrow caused by infection, usually bacterial

A

osteomyelitis

40
Q

A condition characterized by reduction in bone density

A

osteoporosis

41
Q

Skeletal disease of the elderly characterized by bone thickening and distortion with bowing of long bones

A

Paget disease

42
Q

Inflammation of the vertebrae, usually caused by tuberculosis

A

Pott disease

43
Q

A chronic autoimmune disease of unknown origin resulting in inflammation of peripheral joints and related structures (hint: RA)

A

rheumatoid arthritis

43
Q

A group of antibodies found in the blood in cases of rheumatoid arthritis and other systemic diseases

A

rheumatoid factor

44
Q

Faulty bone formation in children, usually caused by a deficiency of vitamin D

A

rickets

45
Q

Severe pain in the leg along with the course of the sciatic nerve, spinal nerve root irritation

A

sciatica

46
Q

A sideways curvature of the spine in any region

A

scoliosis

47
Q

A forward displacement of one vertebra over another (-listhesis means “a slipping”)

A

spondylolisthesis

48
Q

Degeneration of the articulating portions of a vertebra allowing for spinal distortion, specifically in the lumbar region

A

spondylolysis

49
Q

An enzyme needed in the formation of bone; serum activity of this enzyme is useful in diagnosis

A

alkaline phosphatase

50
Q

Aspiration of fluid from a joint by needle puncture

A

arthrocentesis

51
Q

Surgical immobilization (fusion) of a joint; artificial ankylosis

A

arthrodesis

52
Q

Partial or total replacement of a joint with a prosthesis

A

arthroplasty

53
Q

Surgical removal of a herniated intervertebral disk

A

diskectomy (also spelled discectomy)

53
Q

Use of an endoscopy to examine the interior of a joint or to perform surgery on the joint

A

arthroscopy

54
Q

Return of a fractured bone to a normal position; may be closed or open

A

reduction of a fracture

55
Q

The process of drawing or pulling

A

traction

56
Q

Drug that reduces inflammation (hint: includes steroids)

A

anti-inflammatory agent

57
Q

Agent used to prevent and treat osteoporosis

A

bisphosphonate

58
Q

Drug that reduces inflammation but is not a steroid (ex. aspirin, ibuprofen)

A

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

59
Q

Drug that acts on estrogen receptors; used to prevent bone loss after menopause

A

selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)

60
Q

Attaches to muscle and bone

A

Tendon

61
Q

formed from cartilage

A

bone

62
Q

What color bone marrow does diaphysis have?

A

yellow bone marrow

63
Q

What color bone marrow does epiphysis have?

A

red bone marrow

64
Q

root: arthr/o

A

articulation

65
Q

The bones of the wrist are:

A

carpals

66
Q

The large, flared superior bone of the pelvis is:

A

ilium

67
Q

A bone of a spinal column is a:

A

vertebra

68
Q

The bone of the thigh is the:

A

femur

69
Q

A fluid-filled sac near a join is a(n)

A

bursa

70
Q

The fluid that fills a freely movable joint is

A

synovial fluid

71
Q

Myelogenesis is the formation of

A

bone marrow

72
Q

The type of tissue that covers the ends of the bones at the joints is

A

cartilage

73
Q

The part of the vertebral column that articulates with the ilium is the

A

sacrum

73
Q

The cervical vertebrae are in the region of the:

A

neck

74
Q

The growth region of a long bone is the:

A

epiphyseal plate

75
Q

An articulation is a:

A

joint

76
Q

A joint between bones of the skull is a:

A

suture

77
Q

The cranial bones are part of the:

A

skull

78
Q

Chondrogenesis is formation of:

A

cartilage

79
Q

The term chondroid means:

A

resembling cartilage.

80
Q

A bursolith is a(n):

A

stone in a bursa

80
Q

A sideways curvature of the spine is:

A

scoliosis

81
Q

Spondylolisthesis is displacement of a:

A

vertebra

82
Q

PIP, TMJ, and DJD refer to:

A

joints

83
Q

A condyle, tubercle, and tuberosity are:

A

rounded projections

83
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome involves a nerve in the:

A

wrist

84
Q

Scoliosis, lordosis, and kyphosis are:

A

curvatures of the spine

85
Q

A discectomy is a surgical procedure done on the:

A

spine

86
Q

A chondrosarcoma arises in:

A

cartilage

87
Q

A joint can be drained by a technique called:

A

arthrocentesis

88
Q

Another term for clubfoot is:

A

talipes

89
Q

How many cranial bones are there?

A

eight (8)

90
Q

How many facial bones are there?

A

fourteen (14)

Anatomy, Physiology, and Terminology (15 decks)

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