Chapter 6 - The Muscular System Flashcards
A neurotransmitter that stimulates contraction of skeletal muscles
acetylcholine (ACh)
The muscle that opposes an agonist; it must relax when the agonist contracts
antagonist
One of the two contractile proteins in muscle cells; the other is actin
myosin
An organ that produces movement by contracting; also the tissue that composes such organs (root: my/o, muscul/o)
muscle
Involuntary muscle that makes up the heart wall
cardiac muscle
One of the two contractile proteins in muscle cells; the other is myosin
actin
A muscle that carries out a given movement (from Greek agon meaning “contest,” “struggle”)
agonist
The fibrous sheath of connective tissue that covers a muscle; called deep fascia to differentiate it from the superficial fascia that underlies the skin (root: fasci/o); plural: fasciae
fascia
In a given movement, the point where a muscle is attached to a stable part of the skeleton
origin
In a given movement, the point where a muscle is attached to a moving part of the skeleton
insertion
A small bundle, as of muscle or nerve fibers
fascicle
The point of contact, or synapse, between a branch of a motor neuron and a muscle cell
neuromuscular junction (NMJ)
The main muscle involved in a given movement
prime mover
Voluntary muscle that moves the skeleton and maintains posture
skeletal muscle
Involuntary muscle that makes up the wall of the hollow organs, vessels, and ducts; visceral muscle
smooth muscle
A muscle that assists a prime mover to produce a given movement
synergist
A fibrous band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone (root: ten/o, tendin/o)
tendon
A state of steady, partial contraction of muscle that maintains firmness; muscle tone (root: ton/o)
tonus
A disease caused by degeneration of motor neurons resulting in muscular weakness and atrophy; Lou Gehrig disease
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
A disorder associated with widespread muscular aches and stiffness and having no known cause
fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS)
A disease of unknown cause that involves persistent fatigue, along with muscle and joint pain and other symptoms; may be virally induced
chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)
A disease of unknown origin involving inflammation of muscles as well as dermatitis and skin rashes
dermatomyositis
A group of hereditary muscular disorders marked by progressive weakness and atrophy of muscles
muscular dystrophy
A disease characterized by progressive muscular weakness; an autoimmune disease affecting the neuromuscular junction
myasthenia gravis (MG)
A disease of unknown cause involving muscle inflammation and weakness
polymyositis
Tissue damage caused by repeated motion, usually overuse of the arm or hand in occupational activities such as writing, typing, painting, or using hand tools; also called repetitive motion injury, cumulative trauma injury, overuse syndrome
repetitive strain injury (RSI)
Trauma to a muscle because of overuse or excessive stretch; if severe, may involve tearing of muscle, bleeding, or separation of muscle from its tendon or separation of a tendon from bone
strain
Injury to a ligament caused by abnormal or excessive force at a joint, but without bone dislocation or fracture
sprain
Inflammation of a tendon, usually caused by injury or overuse; the shoulder, elbow, and hip are common sites
tendinitis
Inflammation of a tendon and its sheath
tenosynovitis
An enzyme found in muscle tissue; the serum level of CK increases in cases of muscle damage
creatine kinase (CK)
A disorder of the muscles
myopathy
Study of the electrical activity of muscles during contraction
electromyography (EMG)
incision into a muscle
myotomy
inflammation of a muscle with its tendon
myotenositis
study of movement
kinesiology
excision of fascia
fasciectomy
Myoglobin is a type of protein found in
muscles
pain in a tendon
tenalgia, tenodynia
Fasciitis is inflammation of
fascia
Dystonia is abnormal muscle
tone
In the muscular system, the opposite of the origin is the
insertion
The neuromuscular junction is between a muscle and a
neuron
