Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy, Physiology, and Terminology > Chapter 6 - The Muscular System > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - The Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

A neurotransmitter that stimulates contraction of skeletal muscles

A

acetylcholine (ACh)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The muscle that opposes an agonist; it must relax when the agonist contracts

A

antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

One of the two contractile proteins in muscle cells; the other is actin

A

myosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

An organ that produces movement by contracting; also the tissue that composes such organs (root: my/o, muscul/o)

A

muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Involuntary muscle that makes up the heart wall

A

cardiac muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

One of the two contractile proteins in muscle cells; the other is myosin

A

actin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A muscle that carries out a given movement (from Greek agon meaning “contest,” “struggle”)

A

agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The fibrous sheath of connective tissue that covers a muscle; called deep fascia to differentiate it from the superficial fascia that underlies the skin (root: fasci/o); plural: fasciae

A

fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In a given movement, the point where a muscle is attached to a stable part of the skeleton

A

origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In a given movement, the point where a muscle is attached to a moving part of the skeleton

A

insertion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A small bundle, as of muscle or nerve fibers

A

fascicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The point of contact, or synapse, between a branch of a motor neuron and a muscle cell

A

neuromuscular junction (NMJ)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The main muscle involved in a given movement

A

prime mover

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Voluntary muscle that moves the skeleton and maintains posture

A

skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Involuntary muscle that makes up the wall of the hollow organs, vessels, and ducts; visceral muscle

A

smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A muscle that assists a prime mover to produce a given movement

A

synergist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A fibrous band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone (root: ten/o, tendin/o)

A

tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A state of steady, partial contraction of muscle that maintains firmness; muscle tone (root: ton/o)

A

tonus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A disease caused by degeneration of motor neurons resulting in muscular weakness and atrophy; Lou Gehrig disease

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A disorder associated with widespread muscular aches and stiffness and having no known cause

A

fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A disease of unknown cause that involves persistent fatigue, along with muscle and joint pain and other symptoms; may be virally induced

A

chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A disease of unknown origin involving inflammation of muscles as well as dermatitis and skin rashes

A

dermatomyositis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A group of hereditary muscular disorders marked by progressive weakness and atrophy of muscles

A

muscular dystrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A disease characterized by progressive muscular weakness; an autoimmune disease affecting the neuromuscular junction

A

myasthenia gravis (MG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A disease of unknown cause involving muscle inflammation and weakness

A

polymyositis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Tissue damage caused by repeated motion, usually overuse of the arm or hand in occupational activities such as writing, typing, painting, or using hand tools; also called repetitive motion injury, cumulative trauma injury, overuse syndrome

A

repetitive strain injury (RSI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Trauma to a muscle because of overuse or excessive stretch; if severe, may involve tearing of muscle, bleeding, or separation of muscle from its tendon or separation of a tendon from bone

A

strain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Injury to a ligament caused by abnormal or excessive force at a joint, but without bone dislocation or fracture

A

sprain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Inflammation of a tendon, usually caused by injury or overuse; the shoulder, elbow, and hip are common sites

A

tendinitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Inflammation of a tendon and its sheath

A

tenosynovitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

An enzyme found in muscle tissue; the serum level of CK increases in cases of muscle damage

A

creatine kinase (CK)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

A disorder of the muscles

A

myopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Study of the electrical activity of muscles during contraction

A

electromyography (EMG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

incision into a muscle

A

myotomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

inflammation of a muscle with its tendon

A

myotenositis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

study of movement

A

kinesiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

excision of fascia

A

fasciectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Myoglobin is a type of protein found in

A

muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

pain in a tendon

A

tenalgia, tenodynia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Fasciitis is inflammation of

A

fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Dystonia is abnormal muscle

A

tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

In the muscular system, the opposite of the origin is the

A

insertion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The neuromuscular junction is between a muscle and a

A

neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

The quadriceps femoris muscle forms the anterior part of the

A

thigh

38
Q

The opposite of flexion is

A

extension

39
Q

The opposite of abduction is

A

adduction

40
Q

The band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone is a

A

tendon

41
Q

Polymyositis is inflammation of many

A

muscles

42
Q

The word kinesis means

A

movement

43
Q

my/o

A

muscle

44
Q

muscul/o

A

muscle

45
Q

in/o

A

fiber

46
Q

fasci/o

A

fascia

47
Q

ten/o, tendin/o

A

tendon

48
Q

ton/o

A

tone

49
Q

erg/o

A

work

49
Q

kin/o-, kine, kinesi/o, kinet/o

A

movement

50
Q

a group of four muscles in the thigh

A

quadriceps femoris

51
Q

large muscle of the upper chest

A

pectoralis major

51
Q

muscle used in chewing; jaw muscle

A

masseter

52
Q

main muscle of the calf

A

gastrocnemius

52
Q

acting on muscle fibers

A

inotropic

53
Q

muscle of the upper back and neck

A

trapezius

54
Q

absence of movement

A

akinesia

55
Q

abnormal muscle tone

A

dystonia

55
Q

instrument for measuring muscle work

A

ergometer

55
Q

The study and treatment of rheumatic diseases

A

rheumatology

56
Q

A general term for inflammation, soreness, and stiffness of muscles associated with pain in joints

A

rheumatism

57
Q

A sudden, involuntary muscle contraction; may be clonic

A

spasm

58
Q

Forcible tearing away of a part

A

avulsion

59
Q

Permanent contraction of a muscle

A

contracture

60
Q

A wasting away; a decrease in the size of a tissue or organ, such as the wasting of muscle from disuse

A

atrophy

61
Q

absence of muscle tone

A

atony

62
Q

The number of origins (heads) in the triceps brachii muscle is

A

three (3)

63
Q

A muscle that produces extension at the joint is called a(n)

A

extensor

64
Q

Movement toward the midline of the body is termed

A

adduction

65
Q

The strong, cord-like tendon that attaches the calf muscle to the heel is the

A

Achilles tendon

66
Q

The opposite of origin is

A

insertion

67
Q

The opposite of agonist is

A

antagonist

68
Q

The opposite of abduction is

A

adduction

69
Q

The opposite of pronation is

A

supination

70
Q

The opposite of extension is

A

flexion

71
Q

The adjective for tendon is:

A

tendinous

72
Q

Inflammation of muscle is:

A

myositis

73
Q

A term that means ‘pertaining to muscle and fascia’ is:

A

myofascial

74
Q

Movement away from the midline is:

A

abduction

75
Q

The latissimus dorsi is located in the:

A

back

76
Q

A muscle group in the thigh that has four components is the:

A

Quadriceps femoris

77
Q

The hamstring muscles are located in the:

A

posterior thigh

78
Q

The muscle that opposes an agonist is the:

A

antagonist

79
Q

ACh is the abbreviation for a(n):

A

neurotransmitter

80
Q

Peristalsis is produced by:

A

smooth muscle

81
Q

A disease that involves both muscles and the skin is:

A

dermatomyositis

82
Q

Avulsion is:

A

tearing away

83
Q

Chvostek sign and Trousseau sign are indications of:

A

tetany

84
Q

OT and PT are abbreviations for:

A

types of therapy

85
Q

ALS, FMS, and MG are all abbreviations for:

A

diseases

86
Q

Myoglobin is a substance that:

A

stores oxygen in muscle cells

87
Q

Permanent contraction of muscle is called:

A

contracture

88
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome involves structures in the:

A

wrist

89
Q

Dermatomyositis involves muscles and:

A

skin

90
Q

Creatine kinase is a(n):

A

enzyme

91
Q

Smooth muscle is also called _____.

A

visceral muscle

92
Q

Muscles are enclosed in a fibrous sheath of connective tissue called _______.

A

fascia

93
Q

The type of muscle that is characterized by voluntary movement is/are _________.

A

skeletal

94
Q

True or False? Skeletal muscles are mainly involuntary in control.

A

False

95
Q

Pointing the toes downward is _______.

A

plantar flexion

96
Q

The end of a muscle that is attached to a relatively immovable part is the _____.

A

origin

97
Q

The _____ is the end of a muscle that is attached to a movable part.

A

insertion

Anatomy, Physiology, and Terminology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions