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Anatomy, Physiology, and Terminology > Chapter 13 - Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 13 - Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

The distal opening of the digestive tract (root: an/o)

A

anus

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2
Q

An appendage; usually means the narrow tube of lymphatic tissue attached to the cecum, the vermiform (worm-like)

A

appendix

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3
Q

The fluid secreted by the liver that emulsifies fats and aids in their absorption (roots: chol/e, bili)

A

bile

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4
Q

The first portion of the small intestine (root: duoden/o)

A

duodenum

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4
Q

The muscular tube that carries food from the pharynx to the stomach.

A

esophagus

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4
Q

A blind pouch at the beginning of the large intestine (root: cec/o)

A

cecum

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5
Q

An organic catalyst; speeds the rate of chemical reactions

A

enzyme

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5
Q

The major portion of the large intestine; extends from the cecum to the rectum and is formed by ascending, transverse, and descending portions (root: col/o, colon/o)

A

colon

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6
Q

The duct that carries bile into the duodenum; formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct (root: choledoch/o)

A

common bile duct

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7
Q

The waste material eliminated from the intestine (adjective: fecal); stool

A

feces

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8
Q

A special pathway of the circulation that brings blood directly from the abdominal organs to the liver for processing.

A

hepatic portal system

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8
Q

A sac on the undersurface of the liver that stores bile (root: cholecyst/o)

A

gallbladder

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9
Q

A lymphatic capillary in a villus of the small intestine. Absorbs digested fats into the lymph.

A

lacteal

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9
Q

The middle portion of the small intestine (root: jejun/o)

A

jejunum

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10
Q

The terminal portion of the small intestine (root: ile/o)

A

ileum

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11
Q

The portion of the digestive tract between the stomach and the anus. It functions in digestion, absorption, and elimination of waste (root: enter/o).

A

intestine

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12
Q

The terminal portion of the digestive tract, consisting of the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus. It stores and eliminates undigested waste material (feces)

A

large intestine

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12
Q

The large gland in the upper right part of the abdomen. In addition to many other functions, it secretes bile needed for digestion and absorption of fats (root: hepat/o)

A

liver

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12
Q

Muscle tissue at the distal end of the esophagus (gastroesophageal junction) that prevents stomach contents from refluxing into the esophagus. Also called the cardiac sphincter

A

lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

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13
Q

Chewing

A

mastication

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14
Q

The oral cavity; contains the tongue and teeth. Used to take in and chew food, mix it with saliva, and move it toward the throat to be swallowed

A

mouth

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15
Q

The roof of the mouth; the partition between the mouth and nasal cavity; consists of an anterior portion formed by bone

A

palate

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16
Q

A large, elongated gland behind the stomach. It produces hormones that regulate sugar metabolism and also produces digestive enzymes (root: pancreat/o)

A

pancreas

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17
Q

Wave-like contractions of an organ’s walls; moves material through an organ or duct

A

peristalsis

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18
Q

The serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and supports the abdominal organs

A

peritoneum

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19
Q

The throat; a common passageway for food entering the esophagus and air entering the larynx (root: pharyng/o)

A

pharynx

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20
Q

The stomach’s distal opening into the duodenum. The opening is controlled by a ring of muscle, the pyloric sphincter (root: pylor/o)

A

pylorus

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21
Q

The distal portion of the large intestine. It stores and eliminates undigested waste (root: rect/o, proct/o)

A

rectum

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22
Q

The clear secretion released into the mouth that moistens food and contains a starch-digesting enzyme (root: sial/o). Produced by three pairs of glands: the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands.

A

saliva

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23
Q

Distal S-shaped portion of the large intestine located between the descending colon and the rectum

A

sigmoid colon

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24
Q

A muscular sac-like organ below the diaphragm that stores food and secretes juices that digest proteins (root: gastr/o)

A

stomach

24
Q

The portion of the intestine between the stomach and the large intestine; comprised of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

A

small intestine

25
Q

The fleshy mass that hangs from the soft palate; aids in speech production (literally “little grape”) (root: uvul/o)

A

uvula

26
Q

Tiny projections in the lining of the small intestine that absorb digested foods into the circulation (singular: villus)

A

villi

27
Q

Inflammation of the appendix

A

appendicitis

28
Q

Inability to absorb foods containing gluten, a protein found in wheat and some other grains; caused by an excess immune response to gluten

A

celiac disease

29
Q

Inflammation of the gallbladder

A

cholecystitis

30
Q

Chronic liver disease with degeneration of liver tissue

A

cirrhosis

31
Q

Difficulty in swallowing

A

dysphagia

32
Q

Vomiting

A

emesis

33
Q

A warm or burning sensation felt behind the sternum and radiating upward. Commonly associated with gastroesophageal reflux. Medical name is pyrosis (pyr/o means “heat”)

A

heartburn

34
Q

Inflammation of the liver; commonly caused by a viral infection

A

hepatitis

35
Q

Enlargement of the liver

A

hepatomegaly

36
Q

An unpleasant sensation in the upper abdomen that often precedes vomiting. Typically occurs in digestive upset, motion sickness, and sometimes early pregnancy

A

nausea

37
Q

Inflammation of the pancreas

A

pancreatitis

38
Q

A tumor that grows on a stalk and bleeds easily

A

polyp

39
Q

Use of a fiberoptic endoscope for direct visual examination. GI studies include esophagogastroduodenoscopy, proctosigmoidoscopy (rectum and distal colon), and colonoscopy (all regions of the colon)

A

endoscopy

40
Q

An opening into the body; generally refers to an opening created for elimination of body waste. Also refers to the operation done to create such an opening.

A

ostomy

41
Q

A term that pertains to the common bile duct is:

A

choledochal

41
Q

The adjective gnathic refers to the:

A

jaw.

42
Q

The adjective palatine refers to the:

A

roof of the mouth.

43
Q

The salivary glands under the tongue are described as:

A

sublingual.

44
Q

Wavelike contractions of the digestive tract constitute:

A

peristalsis

45
Q

Number and arrangement of the teeth:

A

dentition

46
Q

The epigastric region is located:

A

above the stomach.

47
Q

The appendix is attached to the:

A

cecum.

48
Q

The hepatic portal system carries blood from the digestive tract to the:

A

liver.

49
Q

The cholecyst is the:

A

gallbladder.

50
Q

A contrast medium used for gastrointestinal diagnosis is:

A

barium.

51
Q

Radiographic study of the salivary glands and ducts is:

A

sialography.

52
Q

An enterovirus infects the:

A

intestine.

53
Q

In a cecorrhaphy, the:

A

cecum is sutured.

53
Q

Surgical creation of an opening into the middle portion of the small intestine is a(n):

A

jejunostomy.

54
Q

A radiographic study of the bile ducts:

A

cholangiography

55
Q

Intussusception, volvulus, and ileus are forms of:

A

intestinal obstruction.

55
Q

Inflammation of a bile duct is:

A

cholangitis.

56
Q

BE, ERCP, and UGI are types of:

A

radiographic studies.

57
Q

Inflammation of the abdominal membrane is:

A

peritonitis.

58
Q

Part of the stomach near the esophagus

A

cardia

59
Q

The buccinator muscle is in the

A

cheek

60
Q

Which of the following is a fingerlike projection off the cecum of the large intestine?

A

appendix

61
Q

The portion of the large intestine that empties into the rectum is the _____.

A

sigmoid colon

62
Q

The passage of nutrients from the digestive tract into the blood or lymph for distribution to body cells is called _____.

A

absorption

63
Q

Which part of the colon is the horizontally oriented top portion, which lies just superior to the small intestine?

A

transverse colon

64
Q

Obstruction of the intestine is termed _____.

A

ileus

65
Q

The folds in the stomach lining that increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients

A

rugae

Anatomy, Physiology, and Terminology (15 decks)

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