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Anatomy, Physiology, and Terminology > Chapter 14 - Urinary System > Flashcards

Chapter 14 - Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

A substance that increases blood pressure; activated in the blood by renin, an enzyme produced by the kidneys

A

angiotensin

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2
Q

A hormone released from the pituitary gland that causes water reabsorption in the kidneys, thus concentrating the urine

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

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3
Q

A cup-like cavity in the pelvis of the kidney (plural: calices) (root: cali, calic)

A

calyx

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4
Q

Increased excretion of urine

A

diuresis

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5
Q

A substance that increases the excretion of urine; pertaining to diuresis

A

diuretic

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6
Q

The cup-shaped structure at the beginning of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus and receives material filtered out of the blood; Bowman (BO-man) capsule

A

glomerular capsule

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6
Q

A hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow

A

erythropoietin (EPO)

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7
Q

The fluid and dissolved materials that filter out of the blood and enter the nephron through the glomerular capsule

A

glomerular filtrate

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8
Q

The cluster of capillaries within the glomerular capsule (plural: glomeruli) (root: glomerul/o)

A

glomerulus

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9
Q

An organ of excretion (root: ren/o, nephr/o)

A

kidney

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10
Q

The voiding of urine; urination

A

micturition

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11
Q

A microscopic functional unit of the kidney; working with blood vessels; filters the blood and balances the composition of urine

A

nephron

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12
Q

The kidney’s outer portion; contains portions of the nephrons

A

renal cortex

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13
Q

The kidney’s inner portion; contains portions of the nephrons and ducts that transport urine toward the renal pelvis

A

renal medulla

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14
Q

A triangular structure in the renal medulla; composed of the nephrons loops and collecting ducts

A

renal pyramid

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14
Q

The expanded upper end of the ureter that receives urine from the kidney; Greek root pyel/o means “basin”

A

renal pelvis

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15
Q

A triangle at the base of the bladder formed by the openings of the two ureters and the urethra

A

trigone

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16
Q

An enzyme produced by the kidneys that activates angiotensin in the blood

A

renin

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17
Q

The return of substances from the glomerular filtrate to the blood through the peritubular capillaries

A

tubular reabsorption

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18
Q

The main nitrogenous (nitrogen-containing) waste product in the urine

A

urea

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19
Q

The tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder (root: ureter/o)

A

ureter

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20
Q

The tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body (root: urethr/o)

A

urethra

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21
Q

The organ that stores and eliminates urine excreted by the kidneys (root: cyst/o, vesic/o)

A

urinary bladder

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22
Q

The voiding of urine; micturition

A

urination

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23
Q

The fluid excreted by the kidneys. It consists of water, electrolytes, urea, other metabolic wastes, and pigments.

A

urine

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24
Q

The tube between the kidney and the bladder is the:

A

ureter

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25
Q

Renin is an enzyme that activates:

A

angiotensin

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26
Q

Something that is harmful for the kidney is described as:

A

nephrotoxic

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26
Q

Another term for urination:

A

micturition

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27
Q

The juxtaglomerular region is located:

A

near the glomerulus

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28
Q

The adjective for the cuplike regions of the renal medulla is:

A

caliceal

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29
Q

The root in the term prevesical means:

A

urinary bladder

29
Q

The enzyme renin acts to:

A

raise blood pressure

30
Q

Angiotensin raises blood pressure by causing:

A

vasoconstriction

31
Q

The structure around a glomerulus is:

A

the glomerular capsule

32
Q

Accumulation of fluid in the ureter is:

A

hydroureter

33
Q

A urethrotome is used to:

A

incise the urethra

34
Q

A cystoscope is used to:

A

examine the bladder

34
Q

Painful or difficult urination is:

A

dysuria

35
Q

A cystocele is a:

A

hernia of the bladder

36
Q

Pyuria is the presence of:

A

pus in the urine

37
Q

Epispadias and hypospadias are:

A

abnormal openings of the urethra

38
Q

Polydipsia is:

A

excessive thirst

39
Q

An anion gap test indicates:

A

an electrolyte imbalance

40
Q

IVP, IVU, and KUB are:

A

radiographic tests

41
Q

The _________ contracts to empty the bladder during urination.

A

detrusor muscle

42
Q

The _______ is the narrow section of the kidney where the blood vessels enter and leave.

A

hilium

43
Q

What is a capillary cluster at the entrance of each nephron that initiates the process of filtering of the blood?

A

glomerulus

44
Q

A _______ is a capillary network found in the nephrons.

A

glomerulus

45
Q

The outer region of an organ is the _____.

A

cortex

46
Q

The main nitrogen waste in urine is _____.

A

urea

47
Q

The main function of the ______ is to purify blood and excrete wastes.

A

kidneys

48
Q

The _______ sphincter is under conscious control.

A

external urethral

49
Q

The _____ is the region where structures enter and exit the kidney.

A

hilium

50
Q

The triangular region of the bladder marked by the two entrances of the ureters and the exit to the urethra is called the _____.

A

trigone

51
Q

A _____ is a circular muscle surrounding an orifice.

A

sphincter

52
Q

The _______ system filters the blood.

A

urinary

53
Q

Blood flow into the kidneys begins with the renal _____.

A

arteries

54
Q

The term _____ refers to yellow pigment in the urine.

A

urochrome

55
Q

Identify the correct flow of urine out of the body:

A

kidney, ureter, urethra

56
Q

_____ transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

A

Ureters

57
Q

Each kidney contains about how many nephrons?

A

1 million

58
Q

_____ is the process whereby wastes are eliminated from the body.

A

Excretion

59
Q

_____ are cone-shaped divisions in the medulla that contain the renal tubules.

A

Pyramids

60
Q

What test is used to measure the concentration of urine?

A

specific gravity

61
Q

_____ targets the distal convoluted tubule and collecting tubule where it promotes water resorption, thereby causing water retention in the body.

A

ADH

62
Q

_____ is the examination and analysis of urine.

A

UA

63
Q

Define ureteropyeloplasty.

A

Surgical repair of the ureter and renal pelvis

64
Q

Hemodialysis is usually prescribed and monitored by a _______.

A

nephrologist

65
Q

_____ controls salt and water balance in the kidney by stimulating sodium retention and water conservation.

A

Aldosterone

66
Q

An intravenous pyelogram is a diagnostic procedure to detect or visualize cancer in the _____.

A

kidney

67
Q

Which term means an abnormal increase in the concentration of urea in the blood?

A

azotemia

68
Q

_____ is a diagnostic test performed to determine the amount of urea present in the blood.

A

BUN

69
Q

CAPD and CCPD are abbreviations for types of _____.

A

dialysis

70
Q

Protein clumps in the urine

A

casts

71
Q

Urinary bladder inflammation is also known as:

A

cystitis

72
Q

ESWL refers to _____.

A

lithotripsy

73
Q

Which condition involves the urinary meatus being on the upper surface of the penis?

A

epispadias

Anatomy, Physiology, and Terminology (15 decks)

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