Chapter 14 - Urinary System Flashcards
A substance that increases blood pressure; activated in the blood by renin, an enzyme produced by the kidneys
angiotensin
A hormone released from the pituitary gland that causes water reabsorption in the kidneys, thus concentrating the urine
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
A cup-like cavity in the pelvis of the kidney (plural: calices) (root: cali, calic)
calyx
Increased excretion of urine
diuresis
A substance that increases the excretion of urine; pertaining to diuresis
diuretic
The cup-shaped structure at the beginning of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus and receives material filtered out of the blood; Bowman (BO-man) capsule
glomerular capsule
A hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow
erythropoietin (EPO)
The fluid and dissolved materials that filter out of the blood and enter the nephron through the glomerular capsule
glomerular filtrate
The cluster of capillaries within the glomerular capsule (plural: glomeruli) (root: glomerul/o)
glomerulus
An organ of excretion (root: ren/o, nephr/o)
kidney
The voiding of urine; urination
micturition
A microscopic functional unit of the kidney; working with blood vessels; filters the blood and balances the composition of urine
nephron
The kidney’s outer portion; contains portions of the nephrons
renal cortex
The kidney’s inner portion; contains portions of the nephrons and ducts that transport urine toward the renal pelvis
renal medulla
A triangular structure in the renal medulla; composed of the nephrons loops and collecting ducts
renal pyramid
The expanded upper end of the ureter that receives urine from the kidney; Greek root pyel/o means “basin”
renal pelvis
A triangle at the base of the bladder formed by the openings of the two ureters and the urethra
trigone
An enzyme produced by the kidneys that activates angiotensin in the blood
renin
The return of substances from the glomerular filtrate to the blood through the peritubular capillaries
tubular reabsorption
The main nitrogenous (nitrogen-containing) waste product in the urine
urea
The tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder (root: ureter/o)
ureter
The tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body (root: urethr/o)
urethra
The organ that stores and eliminates urine excreted by the kidneys (root: cyst/o, vesic/o)
urinary bladder
The voiding of urine; micturition
urination
The fluid excreted by the kidneys. It consists of water, electrolytes, urea, other metabolic wastes, and pigments.
urine
The tube between the kidney and the bladder is the:
ureter
Renin is an enzyme that activates:
angiotensin
Something that is harmful for the kidney is described as:
nephrotoxic
Another term for urination:
micturition
The juxtaglomerular region is located:
near the glomerulus
The adjective for the cuplike regions of the renal medulla is:
caliceal
The root in the term prevesical means:
urinary bladder
The enzyme renin acts to:
raise blood pressure
Angiotensin raises blood pressure by causing:
vasoconstriction
The structure around a glomerulus is:
the glomerular capsule
Accumulation of fluid in the ureter is:
hydroureter
A urethrotome is used to:
incise the urethra
A cystoscope is used to:
examine the bladder
Painful or difficult urination is:
dysuria
A cystocele is a:
hernia of the bladder
Pyuria is the presence of:
pus in the urine
Epispadias and hypospadias are:
abnormal openings of the urethra
Polydipsia is:
excessive thirst
An anion gap test indicates:
an electrolyte imbalance
IVP, IVU, and KUB are:
radiographic tests
The _________ contracts to empty the bladder during urination.
detrusor muscle
The _______ is the narrow section of the kidney where the blood vessels enter and leave.
hilium
What is a capillary cluster at the entrance of each nephron that initiates the process of filtering of the blood?
glomerulus
A _______ is a capillary network found in the nephrons.
glomerulus
The outer region of an organ is the _____.
cortex
The main nitrogen waste in urine is _____.
urea
The main function of the ______ is to purify blood and excrete wastes.
kidneys
The _______ sphincter is under conscious control.
external urethral
The _____ is the region where structures enter and exit the kidney.
hilium
The triangular region of the bladder marked by the two entrances of the ureters and the exit to the urethra is called the _____.
trigone
A _____ is a circular muscle surrounding an orifice.
sphincter
The _______ system filters the blood.
urinary
Blood flow into the kidneys begins with the renal _____.
arteries
The term _____ refers to yellow pigment in the urine.
urochrome
Identify the correct flow of urine out of the body:
kidney, ureter, urethra
_____ transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
Ureters
Each kidney contains about how many nephrons?
1 million
_____ is the process whereby wastes are eliminated from the body.
Excretion
_____ are cone-shaped divisions in the medulla that contain the renal tubules.
Pyramids
What test is used to measure the concentration of urine?
specific gravity
_____ targets the distal convoluted tubule and collecting tubule where it promotes water resorption, thereby causing water retention in the body.
ADH
_____ is the examination and analysis of urine.
UA
Define ureteropyeloplasty.
Surgical repair of the ureter and renal pelvis
Hemodialysis is usually prescribed and monitored by a _______.
nephrologist
_____ controls salt and water balance in the kidney by stimulating sodium retention and water conservation.
Aldosterone
An intravenous pyelogram is a diagnostic procedure to detect or visualize cancer in the _____.
kidney
Which term means an abnormal increase in the concentration of urea in the blood?
azotemia
_____ is a diagnostic test performed to determine the amount of urea present in the blood.
BUN
CAPD and CCPD are abbreviations for types of _____.
dialysis
Protein clumps in the urine
casts
Urinary bladder inflammation is also known as:
cystitis
ESWL refers to _____.
lithotripsy
Which condition involves the urinary meatus being on the upper surface of the penis?
epispadias
