Chapter 8 - Special Senses of Ears & Eyes Flashcards
The sense of balance
equilibrium
The sense of taste; Latin geusis means “taste”
gustation
The sense or perception of sound
hearing
The sense of smell; root osm/o means “smell”
olfaction
The awareness of posture, movement, and changes in equilibrium; receptors are located in muscles, tendons, and joints
proprioception
A sensory nerve ending or a specialized structure associated with a sensory nerve that responds to a stimulus
sensory receptor
Pertaining to the sense of touch
tactile
The sense by which the shape, size, and color of objects are perceived by means of the light they give off
vision
The tube that connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx and serves to equalize pressure between the outer and middle ear (root: salping/o); pharyngotympanic tube; originally called the eustachian tube
auditory tube
The coiled portion of the inner ear that contains the receptors for hearing (root: cochle/o)
cochlea
The brownish, wax-like secretion formed in the external ear canal to protect the ear and prevent infection; adjective: ceruminous
cerumen
Tube that extends from the pinna of the ear to the tympanic membrane; external auditory meatus
external auditory canal
The middle ossicle of the ear
incus
The inner ear, named for its complex structure, which resembles a maze
labyrinth
The ossicle of the middle ear that is in contact with the tympanic membrane and the incus
malleus
The three curved channels of the inner ear that hold receptors for equilibrium
semicircular canals
The small bones of the middle ear, the malleus, incus, and stapes
ossicles
The projecting part of the outer ear; auricle
pinna
The hearing receptor, which is located in the cochlea of the inner ear; organ of Corti
spiral organ
The ossicle that is in contact with the inner ear (root: staped, stapedi/o)
stapes
The membrane between the external auditory canal and the middle ear (tympanic cavity); the eardrum. It serves to transmit sound waves to the ossicles of the middle ear (root: myring/o, tympan/o)
tympanic membrane
The portion of the inner ear that is concerned with the sense of equilibrium; consists of the vestibule and the semicircular canals (root: vestibul/o)
vestibular apparatus
The chamber in the inner ear that holds some of the receptors for equilibrium
vestibule
The nerve that transmits impulses for hearing and equilibrium from the ear to the brain; eighth cranial nerve; auditory or acoustic nerve
vestibulocochlear nerve
A sensation of noises, such as ringing or tinkling, in the ear
tinnitus
An illusion of movement, as of the body moving in space or the environment moving about the body; usually caused by disturbances in the vestibular apparatus.
vertigo
Formation of abnormal and sometimes hardened bony tissue in the ear.
otosclerosis
A specialized cell in the retina of the eye that responds to light; rods have low visual acuity, function in dim light, and do not discriminate color
rod
The tough, white, fibrous outermost layer of the eye; the white of the eye (root: scler/o)
sclera
The middle, vascular layer of the eye (root: uve/o); consists of the choroid, ciliary body, and iris
uvea
Sharpness of vision
visual acuity
The transparent jelly-like mass that fills the main cavity of the eyeball; also called vitreous humor
vitreous body
Adjustment of the lens’s curvature to allow for vision at various distances
accommodation
Fluid that fills the eye anterior to the lens
aqueous humor
The dark, vascular, middle layer of the eye (roots: chori/o, choroid/o); part of the uvea
choroid
Coordinated movement of the eyes toward fixation on the same point
convergence
The muscular portion of the uvea that surrounds the lens and adjusts its shape for near and far vision (root: cycl/o)
ciliary body
The mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the eyeball’s anterior surface
conjunctiva
A specialized cell in the retina that responds to light; function in bright light, and respond to colors
cone
The tiny depression in the retina that is the point of sharpest vision
fovea
The clear, anterior portion of the sclera (root: corne/o, kerat/o)
cornea
The muscular colored ring between the lens and the cornea; regulates the amount of light that enters the eye by altering the size of the pupil at its center (roots: ir, irid/o, irit/o)
iris
A gland above the eye that produces tears (roots: lacrim/o, dacry/o)
lacrimal gland
The transparent, biconvex structure in the anterior portion of the eye that refracts light and functions in accommodation (roots: lent/i, phak/o)
lens
The point where the optic nerve joins the retina; at this point there are no rods or cones
optic disk
A small spot or colored area; used alone to mean the yellowish spot in the retina that contains the fovea
macula
An eyelid; a protective fold (upper or lower) that closes over the anterior surface of the eye (root: palpebr/o, blephar/o)
palpebra
The bending of light rays as they pass through the eye to focus on a specific point on the retina; also the determination and correction of ocular refractive errors
refraction
The bony cavity that contains the eyeball
orbit
The opening at the center of the iris (root: pupill/o)
pupil
The innermost, light-sensitive layer of the eye; contains the rods and cones, the specialized receptor cells for vision (root: retin/o)
retina
An error of refraction caused by irregularity in the curvature of the cornea or lens
astigmatism
Opacity of the lens of the eye
cataract
Inflammation of the conjunctiva; pink eye
conjunctivitis
The olfactory nerve carries impulses for the sense of:
smell
Ageusia is a lack of:
taste
Cryesthesia is:
sensitivity to cold
Gustation is the sense of:
taste
Excess sensitivity to pain is:
hyperalgesia
The awareness of body position is:
proprioception
Hyperalgesia is:
excess sensitivity to pain
Pseudosmia is:
false sensation of smell
The vestibular apparatus contains receptors for:
equilibrium
The three ossicles of the ear in order from outside to inside:
malleus, incus, stapes (MIS)
The spiral organ is located in the:
cochlea
The auditory tube connects the:
middle ear cavity to the pharynx
The stapedius muscle is located in the:
ear
Receptors in the vestibule and semicircular canals respond to:
movement
Another name for the pinna of the ear is:
auricle
A salpingoscope is used to examine the:
auditory tube
The root myring/o refers to the:
tympanic membrane
ORL refers to:
ear, nose, and throat
There are no rods or cones in the:
optic disk
Abnormally high sensitivity to sound is called:
hyperacusis
The ciliary body, ciliary muscle, and lens are involved in:
accommodation
The uvea of the eye consists of the:
choroid, ciliary body, and iris
When light rays are refracted, they:
bend
The six muscles attached to the outside of the eye are important for:
convergence
Retinoschisis is:
splitting of the retina
Accommodation for near and far vision involves the:
lens
A dacryocystectomy is:
removal of a lacrimal sac
Cloudiness of the lens
cataract
Glaucoma is caused by:
increased pressure in the eye
ARC, VF, AST, and IOP refer to:
the eyes
Em, ET, and XT refer to:
deviation of the eyes
The disease ‘pinkeye’ is correctly called:
conjunctivitis
Surgical removal of an eyeball is:
enucleation
Nearsightedness is technically called:
myopia
Blepharospasm is:
sudden contraction of the eyelid
Farsightedness is technically called:
hyperopia
The macula of the retina contains the _____.
fovea
The shape of the lens is controlled by the _______.
ciliary body
What is the posterior portion of the interior of the eyeball, visible through the ophthalmoscope?
fundus
_______ is the drooping of the eyelid.
Blepharoptosis
Rapid, involuntary movements of the eye:
nystagmus
A unit for measuring refractive power of the eye:
diopter
_______ refers to any eye disease.
oculopathy
A common condition in which both eyes cannot focus on a given object simultaneously.
strabismus
