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Anatomy, Physiology, and Terminology > Chapter 8 - Special Senses of Ears & Eyes > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - Special Senses of Ears & Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

The sense of balance

A

equilibrium

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2
Q

The sense of taste; Latin geusis means “taste”

A

gustation

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3
Q

The sense or perception of sound

A

hearing

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4
Q

The sense of smell; root osm/o means “smell”

A

olfaction

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5
Q

The awareness of posture, movement, and changes in equilibrium; receptors are located in muscles, tendons, and joints

A

proprioception

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6
Q

A sensory nerve ending or a specialized structure associated with a sensory nerve that responds to a stimulus

A

sensory receptor

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7
Q

Pertaining to the sense of touch

A

tactile

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8
Q

The sense by which the shape, size, and color of objects are perceived by means of the light they give off

A

vision

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9
Q

The tube that connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx and serves to equalize pressure between the outer and middle ear (root: salping/o); pharyngotympanic tube; originally called the eustachian tube

A

auditory tube

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10
Q

The coiled portion of the inner ear that contains the receptors for hearing (root: cochle/o)

A

cochlea

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11
Q

The brownish, wax-like secretion formed in the external ear canal to protect the ear and prevent infection; adjective: ceruminous

A

cerumen

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12
Q

Tube that extends from the pinna of the ear to the tympanic membrane; external auditory meatus

A

external auditory canal

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13
Q

The middle ossicle of the ear

A

incus

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14
Q

The inner ear, named for its complex structure, which resembles a maze

A

labyrinth

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15
Q

The ossicle of the middle ear that is in contact with the tympanic membrane and the incus

A

malleus

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16
Q

The three curved channels of the inner ear that hold receptors for equilibrium

A

semicircular canals

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17
Q

The small bones of the middle ear, the malleus, incus, and stapes

A

ossicles

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18
Q

The projecting part of the outer ear; auricle

A

pinna

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19
Q

The hearing receptor, which is located in the cochlea of the inner ear; organ of Corti

A

spiral organ

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20
Q

The ossicle that is in contact with the inner ear (root: staped, stapedi/o)

A

stapes

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21
Q

The membrane between the external auditory canal and the middle ear (tympanic cavity); the eardrum. It serves to transmit sound waves to the ossicles of the middle ear (root: myring/o, tympan/o)

A

tympanic membrane

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22
Q

The portion of the inner ear that is concerned with the sense of equilibrium; consists of the vestibule and the semicircular canals (root: vestibul/o)

A

vestibular apparatus

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23
Q

The chamber in the inner ear that holds some of the receptors for equilibrium

A

vestibule

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24
Q

The nerve that transmits impulses for hearing and equilibrium from the ear to the brain; eighth cranial nerve; auditory or acoustic nerve

A

vestibulocochlear nerve

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25
Q

A sensation of noises, such as ringing or tinkling, in the ear

A

tinnitus

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26
Q

An illusion of movement, as of the body moving in space or the environment moving about the body; usually caused by disturbances in the vestibular apparatus.

A

vertigo

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27
Q

Formation of abnormal and sometimes hardened bony tissue in the ear.

A

otosclerosis

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28
Q

A specialized cell in the retina of the eye that responds to light; rods have low visual acuity, function in dim light, and do not discriminate color

A

rod

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29
Q

The tough, white, fibrous outermost layer of the eye; the white of the eye (root: scler/o)

A

sclera

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30
Q

The middle, vascular layer of the eye (root: uve/o); consists of the choroid, ciliary body, and iris

A

uvea

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31
Q

Sharpness of vision

A

visual acuity

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32
Q

The transparent jelly-like mass that fills the main cavity of the eyeball; also called vitreous humor

A

vitreous body

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33
Q

Adjustment of the lens’s curvature to allow for vision at various distances

A

accommodation

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34
Q

Fluid that fills the eye anterior to the lens

A

aqueous humor

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35
Q

The dark, vascular, middle layer of the eye (roots: chori/o, choroid/o); part of the uvea

A

choroid

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35
Q

Coordinated movement of the eyes toward fixation on the same point

A

convergence

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35
Q

The muscular portion of the uvea that surrounds the lens and adjusts its shape for near and far vision (root: cycl/o)

A

ciliary body

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35
Q

The mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the eyeball’s anterior surface

A

conjunctiva

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36
Q

A specialized cell in the retina that responds to light; function in bright light, and respond to colors

A

cone

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37
Q

The tiny depression in the retina that is the point of sharpest vision

A

fovea

37
Q

The clear, anterior portion of the sclera (root: corne/o, kerat/o)

A

cornea

38
Q

The muscular colored ring between the lens and the cornea; regulates the amount of light that enters the eye by altering the size of the pupil at its center (roots: ir, irid/o, irit/o)

A

iris

38
Q

A gland above the eye that produces tears (roots: lacrim/o, dacry/o)

A

lacrimal gland

39
Q

The transparent, biconvex structure in the anterior portion of the eye that refracts light and functions in accommodation (roots: lent/i, phak/o)

A

lens

40
Q

The point where the optic nerve joins the retina; at this point there are no rods or cones

A

optic disk

41
Q

A small spot or colored area; used alone to mean the yellowish spot in the retina that contains the fovea

A

macula

42
Q

An eyelid; a protective fold (upper or lower) that closes over the anterior surface of the eye (root: palpebr/o, blephar/o)

A

palpebra

42
Q

The bending of light rays as they pass through the eye to focus on a specific point on the retina; also the determination and correction of ocular refractive errors

A

refraction

43
Q

The bony cavity that contains the eyeball

A

orbit

44
Q

The opening at the center of the iris (root: pupill/o)

A

pupil

45
Q

The innermost, light-sensitive layer of the eye; contains the rods and cones, the specialized receptor cells for vision (root: retin/o)

A

retina

46
Q

An error of refraction caused by irregularity in the curvature of the cornea or lens

A

astigmatism

47
Q

Opacity of the lens of the eye

A

cataract

48
Q

Inflammation of the conjunctiva; pink eye

A

conjunctivitis

49
Q

The olfactory nerve carries impulses for the sense of:

A

smell

50
Q

Ageusia is a lack of:

A

taste

51
Q

Cryesthesia is:

A

sensitivity to cold

52
Q

Gustation is the sense of:

A

taste

53
Q

Excess sensitivity to pain is:

A

hyperalgesia

54
Q

The awareness of body position is:

A

proprioception

55
Q

Hyperalgesia is:

A

excess sensitivity to pain

56
Q

Pseudosmia is:

A

false sensation of smell

57
Q

The vestibular apparatus contains receptors for:

A

equilibrium

58
Q

The three ossicles of the ear in order from outside to inside:

A

malleus, incus, stapes (MIS)

59
Q

The spiral organ is located in the:

A

cochlea

60
Q

The auditory tube connects the:

A

middle ear cavity to the pharynx

61
Q

The stapedius muscle is located in the:

A

ear

62
Q

Receptors in the vestibule and semicircular canals respond to:

A

movement

63
Q

Another name for the pinna of the ear is:

A

auricle

64
Q

A salpingoscope is used to examine the:

A

auditory tube

64
Q

The root myring/o refers to the:

A

tympanic membrane

65
Q

ORL refers to:

A

ear, nose, and throat

65
Q

There are no rods or cones in the:

A

optic disk

66
Q

Abnormally high sensitivity to sound is called:

A

hyperacusis

67
Q

The ciliary body, ciliary muscle, and lens are involved in:

A

accommodation

68
Q

The uvea of the eye consists of the:

A

choroid, ciliary body, and iris

69
Q

When light rays are refracted, they:

A

bend

70
Q

The six muscles attached to the outside of the eye are important for:

A

convergence

71
Q

Retinoschisis is:

A

splitting of the retina

72
Q

Accommodation for near and far vision involves the:

A

lens

73
Q

A dacryocystectomy is:

A

removal of a lacrimal sac

74
Q

Cloudiness of the lens

A

cataract

75
Q

Glaucoma is caused by:

A

increased pressure in the eye

76
Q

ARC, VF, AST, and IOP refer to:

A

the eyes

77
Q

Em, ET, and XT refer to:

A

deviation of the eyes

78
Q

The disease ‘pinkeye’ is correctly called:

A

conjunctivitis

79
Q

Surgical removal of an eyeball is:

A

enucleation

80
Q

Nearsightedness is technically called:

A

myopia

81
Q

Blepharospasm is:

A

sudden contraction of the eyelid

82
Q

Farsightedness is technically called:

A

hyperopia

83
Q

The macula of the retina contains the _____.

A

fovea

83
Q

The shape of the lens is controlled by the _______.

A

ciliary body

83
Q

What is the posterior portion of the interior of the eyeball, visible through the ophthalmoscope?

A

fundus

83
Q

_______ is the drooping of the eyelid.

A

Blepharoptosis

84
Q

Rapid, involuntary movements of the eye:

A

nystagmus

84
Q

A unit for measuring refractive power of the eye:

A

diopter

84
Q

_______ refers to any eye disease.

A

oculopathy

85
Q

A common condition in which both eyes cannot focus on a given object simultaneously.

A

strabismus

Anatomy, Physiology, and Terminology (15 decks)

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