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Anatomy, Physiology, and Terminology > Chapter 12 - Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 12 - Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Lymphoid tissue located in the nasopharynx; the pharyngeal tonsils

A

adenoids

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2
Q

The tiny air sacs in the lungs through which gases are exchanged between the atmosphere and the blood in respiration (singular: alveolus)

A

aveoli

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3
Q

One of the smaller subdivisions of the bronchial tubes

A

bronchiole

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4
Q

One of the larger air passageways in the lungs. The bronchi begin as two branches of the trachea and then subdivide within the lungs

A

bronchus

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5
Q

A gas produced by energy metabolism in cells and eliminated through the lungs

A

carbon dioxide (CO2)

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6
Q

An acid formed by carbon dioxide when it dissolves in water; H2CO3

A

carbonic acid

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7
Q

A measure of how easily the lungs expand under pressure.

A

compliance

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8
Q

The dome-shaped muscle under the lungs that flattens during inspiration (root: phren/o)

A

diaphragm

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9
Q

A leaf-shaped cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the trachea

A

epiglottis

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9
Q

The act of coughing up material from the respiratory tract; also the material thus released; sputum

A

expectoration

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10
Q

The opening between the vocal cords

A

glottis

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10
Q

The act of breathing out or expelling air from the lungs; exhalation

A

expiration

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11
Q

The iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that transports oxygen

A

hemoglobin

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12
Q

The act of drawing air into the lungs; inhalation

A

inspiration

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13
Q

The enlarged upper end of the trachea that contains the vocal cords (root: laryng/o)

A

larynx

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14
Q

Small mounds of lymphoid tissue at the posterior of the tongue

A

lingual tonsils

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15
Q

A cone-shaped spongy organ of respiration contained within the thorax (roots: pneum, pulm)

A

lung

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15
Q

The space between the lungs together with the organs contained in this space

A

mediastinum

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16
Q

The gas needed by cells to release energy from food during metabolism

A

oxygen (O2)

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17
Q

The paired masses of lymphoid tissue located on either side of the oropharynx

A

palatine tonsils

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18
Q

The throat; a common passageway for food entering the esophagus and air entering the larynx

A

pharynx

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19
Q

The nerve that activates the diaphragm

A

phrenic nerve

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20
Q

A double-layered membrane that lines the thoracic cavity and covers the lungs (root: pleur/o)

A

pleura

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21
Q

The thin, fluid-filled space between the two layers of the pleura

A

pleural space

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22
Q

The movement of air into and out of the lungs

A

pulmonary ventilation

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23
Q

A cavity or channel; located near the nose and drain into the nasal cavity

A

sinus

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24
Q

The substance released by coughing or clearing the throat; expectoration. It may contain a variety of material from the respiratory tract

A

sputum

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25
Q

A substance that decreases surface tension within the alveoli and eases lung expansion.

A

surfactant

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26
Q

The air passageway that extends from the larynx to the bronchi (root: trache/o)

A

trachea

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27
Q

The bony projections in the nasal cavity that contain receptors for the sense of smell. Also called conchae

A

turbinate bones

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28
Q

Membranous folds on either side of the larynx that are important in speech production.

A

vocal folds

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29
Q

Inflammation of the nasal mucosa with sneezing, tearing, and profuse secretion of watery mucus, as seen in the common cold

A

acute rhinitis

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30
Q

Abnormal acidity of body fluids.

A

acidosis

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31
Q

Pulmonary edema that can lead rapidly to fatal respiratory failure; causes include trauma, aspiration into the lungs, viral pneumonia, and drug reactions; shock lung

A

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

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32
Q

Abnormal alkalinity of body fluids

A

alkalosis

33
Q

A disease characterized by dyspnea and wheezing caused by spasm of the bronchial tubes or swelling of their mucous membranes

A

asthma

34
Q

The accidental inhalation of food or other foreign material into the lungs.

A

aspiration

35
Q

Incomplete expansion of a lung or part of a lung; lung collapse.

A

atelectasis

36
Q

Inflammation of a bronchus

A

bronchitis

37
Q

Bluish discoloration of the skin caused by lack of oxygen in the blood (adjective: cyanotic)

A

cyanosis

38
Q

A childhood disease usually caused by a viral infection that involves upper airway inflammation and obstruction

A

croup

39
Q

An inherited disease that affects the pancreas, respiratory system, and sweat glands.

A

cystic fibrosis (CF)

40
Q

Acute infectious disease, usually limited to the upper respiratory tract, characterized by the formation of a surface pseudomembrane composed of cells and coagulated material

A

diptheria

41
Q

Difficult or labored breathing, sometimes with pain; “air hunger”

A

dypsnea

42
Q

The spitting of blood from the mouth or respiratory tract (ptysis means “spitting”)

A

hemoptysis

43
Q

Accumulation of pus in a body cavity, especially the pleural space; pyothorax

A

empyema

44
Q

An acute, infectious disease characterized by a cough ending in a whooping inspiration; whooping cough

A

pertussis

44
Q

An acute, contagious respiratory infection causing fever, chills, headache, and muscle pain; “flu”

A

influenza

44
Q

Increased rate and depth of breathing; increase in the amount of air entering the alveoli

A

hyperventilation

44
Q

Condition in which the amount of air entering the alveoli is insufficient to meet metabolic needs and blood carbon dioxide increases to levels above normal

A

hypoventilation

45
Q

Presence of blood in the pleural space

A

hemothorax

46
Q

Inflammation of the lungs; may follow infection or be caused by asthma, allergy, or inhalation of irritants

A

pneumonitis

47
Q

Presence of fluid in the pleural space

A

hydrothorax

48
Q

Inflammation of the lungs generally caused by infection. May involve the bronchioles and alveoli

A

pneumonia

49
Q

An infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus

A

tuberculosis

50
Q

Study based on the accumulation of radioactive isotope in lung tissue. A ventilation scan measures ventilation after inhalation of radioactive material.

A

lung scan

51
Q

An endoscope used to examine the tracheobronchial passageways. Also allows access for biopsy of tissue or removal of a foreign object

A

bronchoscope

52
Q

An apparatus used to measure breathing volumes and capacities; record of test is a spirogram

A

spirometer

53
Q

Tests done to assess breathing, usually by spirometry

A

pulmonary function tests

54
Q

A skin test for tuberculosis.

A

tuberculin test

55
Q

The membrane that covers the lungs is the:

A

pleura

56
Q

The air sacs in the lungs are the:

A

alveoli

57
Q

The nerve that activates the diaphragm is the:

A

phrenic

58
Q

The palatine tonsils are in the:

A

oropharynx

59
Q

A term that means ‘between the pleural membranes’ is:

A

interpleural

60
Q

The root in the word inspiration means:

A

breathing

61
Q

The root in the term epiglottis means the:

A

space between the vocal folds

61
Q

The pharyngeal tonsils are also called the:

A

adenoids

61
Q

The small subdivisions of the bronchi are the:

A

bronchioles

62
Q

The phrenic nerve stimulates the:

A

diaphragm

63
Q

Inflammation of the membranes around the lungs is:

A

pleurisy

64
Q

BCG, AFB, and INH are abbreviations associated with:

A

tuberculosis

65
Q

A decreased rate and depth of breathing is termed:

A

hypopnea

65
Q

The adjective dyspneic refers to:

A

difficulty in breathing.

66
Q

Inflammation of the larynx is:

A

laryngitis

67
Q

The trachea is incised with a:

A

tracheotome

68
Q

An endotracheal polyp is located:

A

within the trachea.

68
Q

Narrowing of a bronchus:

A

Bronchostenosis

69
Q

Pulse oximetry measures:

A

oxygen saturation of the blood.

69
Q

A phrenicectomy is:

A

Surgical incision of the phrenic nerve.

70
Q

The _____ is the upper portion of the structure situated behind (posterior to) and above (superior to) the soft palate and is continuous with the nasal passage.

A

nasopharynx

71
Q

The right lung has _______ lobes.

A

three

72
Q

The left lung has _______ lobes.

A

two

73
Q

The technical term for breathing is _____.

A

ventilation

74
Q

The correct pathway for air entering the body is:

A

nose, larynx, bronchus, alveoli

75
Q

The amount of air moved into or out of the lungs in quiet respiration is the:

A

tidal volume

Anatomy, Physiology, and Terminology (15 decks)

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