Chapter 12 - Respiratory System Flashcards
Lymphoid tissue located in the nasopharynx; the pharyngeal tonsils
adenoids
The tiny air sacs in the lungs through which gases are exchanged between the atmosphere and the blood in respiration (singular: alveolus)
aveoli
One of the smaller subdivisions of the bronchial tubes
bronchiole
One of the larger air passageways in the lungs. The bronchi begin as two branches of the trachea and then subdivide within the lungs
bronchus
A gas produced by energy metabolism in cells and eliminated through the lungs
carbon dioxide (CO2)
An acid formed by carbon dioxide when it dissolves in water; H2CO3
carbonic acid
A measure of how easily the lungs expand under pressure.
compliance
The dome-shaped muscle under the lungs that flattens during inspiration (root: phren/o)
diaphragm
A leaf-shaped cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the trachea
epiglottis
The act of coughing up material from the respiratory tract; also the material thus released; sputum
expectoration
The opening between the vocal cords
glottis
The act of breathing out or expelling air from the lungs; exhalation
expiration
The iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that transports oxygen
hemoglobin
The act of drawing air into the lungs; inhalation
inspiration
The enlarged upper end of the trachea that contains the vocal cords (root: laryng/o)
larynx
Small mounds of lymphoid tissue at the posterior of the tongue
lingual tonsils
A cone-shaped spongy organ of respiration contained within the thorax (roots: pneum, pulm)
lung
The space between the lungs together with the organs contained in this space
mediastinum
The gas needed by cells to release energy from food during metabolism
oxygen (O2)
The paired masses of lymphoid tissue located on either side of the oropharynx
palatine tonsils
The throat; a common passageway for food entering the esophagus and air entering the larynx
pharynx
The nerve that activates the diaphragm
phrenic nerve
A double-layered membrane that lines the thoracic cavity and covers the lungs (root: pleur/o)
pleura
The thin, fluid-filled space between the two layers of the pleura
pleural space
The movement of air into and out of the lungs
pulmonary ventilation
A cavity or channel; located near the nose and drain into the nasal cavity
sinus
The substance released by coughing or clearing the throat; expectoration. It may contain a variety of material from the respiratory tract
sputum
A substance that decreases surface tension within the alveoli and eases lung expansion.
surfactant
The air passageway that extends from the larynx to the bronchi (root: trache/o)
trachea
The bony projections in the nasal cavity that contain receptors for the sense of smell. Also called conchae
turbinate bones
Membranous folds on either side of the larynx that are important in speech production.
vocal folds
Inflammation of the nasal mucosa with sneezing, tearing, and profuse secretion of watery mucus, as seen in the common cold
acute rhinitis
Abnormal acidity of body fluids.
acidosis
Pulmonary edema that can lead rapidly to fatal respiratory failure; causes include trauma, aspiration into the lungs, viral pneumonia, and drug reactions; shock lung
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Abnormal alkalinity of body fluids
alkalosis
A disease characterized by dyspnea and wheezing caused by spasm of the bronchial tubes or swelling of their mucous membranes
asthma
The accidental inhalation of food or other foreign material into the lungs.
aspiration
Incomplete expansion of a lung or part of a lung; lung collapse.
atelectasis
Inflammation of a bronchus
bronchitis
Bluish discoloration of the skin caused by lack of oxygen in the blood (adjective: cyanotic)
cyanosis
A childhood disease usually caused by a viral infection that involves upper airway inflammation and obstruction
croup
An inherited disease that affects the pancreas, respiratory system, and sweat glands.
cystic fibrosis (CF)
Acute infectious disease, usually limited to the upper respiratory tract, characterized by the formation of a surface pseudomembrane composed of cells and coagulated material
diptheria
Difficult or labored breathing, sometimes with pain; “air hunger”
dypsnea
The spitting of blood from the mouth or respiratory tract (ptysis means “spitting”)
hemoptysis
Accumulation of pus in a body cavity, especially the pleural space; pyothorax
empyema
An acute, infectious disease characterized by a cough ending in a whooping inspiration; whooping cough
pertussis
An acute, contagious respiratory infection causing fever, chills, headache, and muscle pain; “flu”
influenza
Increased rate and depth of breathing; increase in the amount of air entering the alveoli
hyperventilation
Condition in which the amount of air entering the alveoli is insufficient to meet metabolic needs and blood carbon dioxide increases to levels above normal
hypoventilation
Presence of blood in the pleural space
hemothorax
Inflammation of the lungs; may follow infection or be caused by asthma, allergy, or inhalation of irritants
pneumonitis
Presence of fluid in the pleural space
hydrothorax
Inflammation of the lungs generally caused by infection. May involve the bronchioles and alveoli
pneumonia
An infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus
tuberculosis
Study based on the accumulation of radioactive isotope in lung tissue. A ventilation scan measures ventilation after inhalation of radioactive material.
lung scan
An endoscope used to examine the tracheobronchial passageways. Also allows access for biopsy of tissue or removal of a foreign object
bronchoscope
An apparatus used to measure breathing volumes and capacities; record of test is a spirogram
spirometer
Tests done to assess breathing, usually by spirometry
pulmonary function tests
A skin test for tuberculosis.
tuberculin test
The membrane that covers the lungs is the:
pleura
The air sacs in the lungs are the:
alveoli
The nerve that activates the diaphragm is the:
phrenic
The palatine tonsils are in the:
oropharynx
A term that means ‘between the pleural membranes’ is:
interpleural
The root in the word inspiration means:
breathing
The root in the term epiglottis means the:
space between the vocal folds
The pharyngeal tonsils are also called the:
adenoids
The small subdivisions of the bronchi are the:
bronchioles
The phrenic nerve stimulates the:
diaphragm
Inflammation of the membranes around the lungs is:
pleurisy
BCG, AFB, and INH are abbreviations associated with:
tuberculosis
A decreased rate and depth of breathing is termed:
hypopnea
The adjective dyspneic refers to:
difficulty in breathing.
Inflammation of the larynx is:
laryngitis
The trachea is incised with a:
tracheotome
An endotracheal polyp is located:
within the trachea.
Narrowing of a bronchus:
Bronchostenosis
Pulse oximetry measures:
oxygen saturation of the blood.
A phrenicectomy is:
Surgical incision of the phrenic nerve.
The _____ is the upper portion of the structure situated behind (posterior to) and above (superior to) the soft palate and is continuous with the nasal passage.
nasopharynx
The right lung has _______ lobes.
three
The left lung has _______ lobes.
two
The technical term for breathing is _____.
ventilation
The correct pathway for air entering the body is:
nose, larynx, bronchus, alveoli
The amount of air moved into or out of the lungs in quiet respiration is the:
tidal volume
