Chapter 16 - Female Reproductive System Flashcards
Pregnancy and Birth
The membranous sac filled with fluid that holds the fetus; also called amnion (root: amnio)
amniotic sac
A system of rating an infant’s physical condition immediately after birth. Five features are rated as 0, 1, or 2 at one and five minutes after delivery and sometimes thereafter
Apgar score
The outermost layer of the embryo that, with the endometrium, forms the placenta (adjective: chorionic)
chorion
Breast fluid that is secreted in the first few days after giving birth, before milk is produced
colostrum
A fetal blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery with the descending aorta, thus allowing blood to bypass the lungs
ductus arteriosus
The stage in development between the zygote and the fetus, extending from the second through the eighth week of growth in the uterus (root: embry/o)
embryo
The union of an ovum and a spermatozoon
fertilization
The developing child in the uterus from the third month to birth (root: fet/o); adjective: fetal
fetus
A small hole in the interatrial septum in the fetal heart that allows blood to pass directly from the right to the left side of the heart
foramen ovale
The period of development from conception to birth
gestation
Pregnant woman
gravida
A hormone secreted by the embryo early in pregnancy that maintains the corpus luteum so that it will continue to secrete hormones
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
The secretion of milk from the mammary glands
lactation
A pituitary hormone that stimulates contractions of the uterus. It also stimulates release (“letdown”) of milk from the breasts
oxytocin
Woman who has produced a viable infant. Multiple births are considered as single pregnancies
para
Childbirth (root: nat/i); labor (root: toc/o)
parturition
The organ, composed of fetal and maternal tissues, that nourishes and maintains the developing fetus
placenta
A group of hormones with varied effects, including the stimulation of uterine contractions
prostaglandins
The structure that connects the fetus to the placenta. It contains vessels that carry blood between the mother and the fetus
umbilical cord
The fertilized ovum
zygote
Termination of a pregnancy before the fetus is capable of surviving outside the uterus, usually at 20 wk or 500 g.
abortion
A congenital separation of the upper lip
cleft lip
A congenital split in the roof of the mouth
cleft palate
Inflammation of the breast, usually associated with the early weeks of breastfeeding
mastitis
The ovum develops within a(n):
ovarian follicle
The roots metr/o and hyster/o pertain to the:
uterus
The narrow lower portion of the uterus is the:
cervix
The hormone that triggers ovulation is:
luteinizing hormone
Oophorectomy is:
excision of an ovary
In the menstrual cycle, the luteal phase occurs simultaneously with the:
secretory phase
A retrouterine structure is located:
behind the uterus
Regular monthly menstrual cycles cease at the time of:
menopause
The cervix is the:
lower narrow portion of the uterus
The endometrium is the:
innermost layer of the uterus
Narrowing of the vagina is called:
colpostenosis
A laparoscope is introduced into the body through:
through the abdominal wall
Oligomenorrhea is:
scanty menstrual flow
Plastic repair of an oviduct is called a(n):
salpingoplasty
Pain during intercourse is:
dyspareunia
The area involved in an episiotomy is the:
perineum
Place these in order by letter from earliest to latest in development: (A) fetus, (B) zygote, (C) embryo.
B, C, A
For the first 2 months of growth, the developing offspring is termed a(n):
embryo
A trimester consists of approximately:
3 months
The hormone produced early in pregnancy that maintains the corpus luteum is:
human chorionic gonadotropin
The foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus allow blood in the fetus to bypass the:
lungs
A nullipara is a:
woman who has never given birth
The production of colostrum is followed by:
lactation
During development, the zygote becomes a(n):
embryo
The length of pregnancy is often calculated from the:
LMP
Mastitis is:
inflammation of the breast
In an ectopic pregnancy, an embryo is developing:
outside its normal positon
The technical name for toxemia of pregnancy is:
preeclampsia
A congenital disorder:
is present at birth
The period after childbirth is the:
puerperium
GIFT and ZIFT are forms of:
IVF
An amniocentesis is a(n):
method for diagnosing birth defects
A teratogenic substance:
causes fetal malformation
Narrowing of the uterus is:
metrostenosis
Oocytes and female sex hormones are produced in the _______.
ovaries
Formation of an oocyte
Oogenesis
The breast nipple is known as what?
mammary papilla
The anatomic equivalent of the penis in females is the _____.
clitoris
The process of discharging one oocyte from an ovary is known as what?
ovulation
The erectile tissue in females that responds to sexual stimulation is which of the following?
clitoris
What part of the uterus is the inner lining?
endometrium
The tubular, lower portion of the uterus that opens into the vagina is what?
cervix
The external female genital organs together are called the
vulva
Finger-like extensions of the salpinx that drape over the ovary:
fimbriae
Space between the vagina and the cervix
fornix
The dome-shaped portion of the uterus, opposite the cervix, is the _____.
fundus
The secretory phase occurs during which days?
15 to 28
The _____ is a fold of mucous membrane covering the vaginal orifice.
hymen
The region between the thighs from the coccyx to the pubis, which includes the anus and external genitalia:
Perineum
The mound of fatty tissue that covers the pubic bone is:
mons pubis
The space between the labia minora is called the _____.
vestibule
The _____ is a subcutaneous pad of adipose tissue encasing the junction of the pubic bone in females.
mons pubis
The stage at which the _____ becomes imbedded in the lining of the uterus is termed implantation.
blastocyst
The uterine tube is also called the _____.
fallopian tube
The pear-shaped organ in the middle of the pelvis that supports a growing fetus is:
uterus
A sac within the ovary called a _____ holds the immature egg cell.
follicle
Outermost layer of the embryo
chorion
The menstrual cycle occurs approximately every _______ days.
28
A(n) _______ can be used to examine the cervix and vagina.
colposcope
Oophorectomy is _____.
excision of an ovary
Ovariorrhexis is _____.
rupture of an ovary
Pain during intercourse is _____.
dyspareunia
The abbreviation PID means _____.
pelvic inflammatory disease
Painful, difficult menstruation is termed ______.
dysmennorhea
Removal of the breast tumor and a small amount of normal tissue surrounding the tumor is termed _____.
lumpectomy
______ are benign tumors found in the uterus.
Fibroids
The area involved in an episiotomy is the _____.
perineum (and vagina)
A Pap smear is used to ______.
diagnose cervical cancer
The scientific name for a fibroid is _____.
leiomyoma
A prolapsed organ has _______.
dropped down
A procedure that uses a computer and a 3-dimensional scanning device to find a tumor site and guide the removal of tissue for microscopic examination is termed ______.
stereotactic biopsy
Tubal ligation is performed for the purpose of _____.
contraception
Vaginometry is _____.
measurement of the vagina
About 5% of breast cancers are due to mutations in the _____ gene.
BRCA1
Episiorrhaphy is _____.
suture of the vulva
The absence of menstrual bleeding:
amenorrhea
Any disease specific to women is _____.
gynecopathy
Hysterotomy is _____.
incision of the uterus
MRI uses what form of energy to create images of the body?
magnetic fields
The inner layer of membrane surrounding the fetus:
amnion
The average length of human gestation is _____.
40 weeks
The function of the amniotic sac is to _____.
cushion the fetus
The baby is delivered during the _____ stage of labor.
second
The connecting stalk between the embryo/fetus and the placenta that contains two arteries and one vein is called the _____.
umbilical cord
The entire time span of pregnancy is called _____.
gestation
The ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale are found in the _____.
fetus
The normal birth position is termed _____.
vertex
The single cell formed at fertilization is referred to as a(n) _______.
zygote
The placenta is formed from the endometrium and the _____.
chorion
The umbilical cord contains _____ arteries.
two
The umbilical cord contains _____ vein(s).
one
Union of the male sperm and the female secondary oocyte is called _____.
fertilization
A trimester is how long?
3 months
A multigravida is a woman who _____.
A woman who has been pregnant two or more times.
A ‘premie,’ or a premature infant, is a baby who is born before the ______ week of gestation.
37th
A zygote forms as a result of _____.
fertilization
An embryo becomes a fetus after week _____.
8
Fetometry is _____.
measurement of a fetus
The period of development in the uterus:
gestation
_______ refers to a woman’s first pregnancy.
Primigravida
Newborns are evaluated immediately after birth and given a score based on their apparent health and their chances for survival. The result of this evaluation is called the _____.
Apgar score
_____ is a condition in which the placenta is positioned over the opening of the cervix into the vagina.
placenta previa
Dark coloration on the skin of the face of pregnant women is termed _____.
chloasma
