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Anatomy, Physiology, and Terminology > Chapter 16 - Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Chapter 16 - Female Reproductive System Flashcards

Pregnancy and Birth

1
Q

The membranous sac filled with fluid that holds the fetus; also called amnion (root: amnio)

A

amniotic sac

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2
Q

A system of rating an infant’s physical condition immediately after birth. Five features are rated as 0, 1, or 2 at one and five minutes after delivery and sometimes thereafter

A

Apgar score

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3
Q

The outermost layer of the embryo that, with the endometrium, forms the placenta (adjective: chorionic)

A

chorion

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4
Q

Breast fluid that is secreted in the first few days after giving birth, before milk is produced

A

colostrum

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5
Q

A fetal blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery with the descending aorta, thus allowing blood to bypass the lungs

A

ductus arteriosus

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6
Q

The stage in development between the zygote and the fetus, extending from the second through the eighth week of growth in the uterus (root: embry/o)

A

embryo

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7
Q

The union of an ovum and a spermatozoon

A

fertilization

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8
Q

The developing child in the uterus from the third month to birth (root: fet/o); adjective: fetal

A

fetus

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9
Q

A small hole in the interatrial septum in the fetal heart that allows blood to pass directly from the right to the left side of the heart

A

foramen ovale

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10
Q

The period of development from conception to birth

A

gestation

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11
Q

Pregnant woman

A

gravida

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12
Q

A hormone secreted by the embryo early in pregnancy that maintains the corpus luteum so that it will continue to secrete hormones

A

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

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13
Q

The secretion of milk from the mammary glands

A

lactation

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14
Q

A pituitary hormone that stimulates contractions of the uterus. It also stimulates release (“letdown”) of milk from the breasts

A

oxytocin

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15
Q

Woman who has produced a viable infant. Multiple births are considered as single pregnancies

A

para

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16
Q

Childbirth (root: nat/i); labor (root: toc/o)

A

parturition

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17
Q

The organ, composed of fetal and maternal tissues, that nourishes and maintains the developing fetus

A

placenta

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18
Q

A group of hormones with varied effects, including the stimulation of uterine contractions

A

prostaglandins

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19
Q

The structure that connects the fetus to the placenta. It contains vessels that carry blood between the mother and the fetus

A

umbilical cord

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20
Q

The fertilized ovum

A

zygote

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21
Q

Termination of a pregnancy before the fetus is capable of surviving outside the uterus, usually at 20 wk or 500 g.

A

abortion

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22
Q

A congenital separation of the upper lip

A

cleft lip

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23
Q

A congenital split in the roof of the mouth

A

cleft palate

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24
Q

Inflammation of the breast, usually associated with the early weeks of breastfeeding

A

mastitis

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25
Q

The ovum develops within a(n):

A

ovarian follicle

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26
Q

The roots metr/o and hyster/o pertain to the:

A

uterus

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27
Q

The narrow lower portion of the uterus is the:

A

cervix

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28
Q

The hormone that triggers ovulation is:

A

luteinizing hormone

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28
Q

Oophorectomy is:

A

excision of an ovary

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29
Q

In the menstrual cycle, the luteal phase occurs simultaneously with the:

A

secretory phase

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29
Q

A retrouterine structure is located:

A

behind the uterus

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30
Q

Regular monthly menstrual cycles cease at the time of:

A

menopause

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31
Q

The cervix is the:

A

lower narrow portion of the uterus

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32
Q

The endometrium is the:

A

innermost layer of the uterus

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33
Q

Narrowing of the vagina is called:

A

colpostenosis

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34
Q

A laparoscope is introduced into the body through:

A

through the abdominal wall

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35
Q

Oligomenorrhea is:

A

scanty menstrual flow

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36
Q

Plastic repair of an oviduct is called a(n):

A

salpingoplasty

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37
Q

Pain during intercourse is:

A

dyspareunia

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38
Q

The area involved in an episiotomy is the:

A

perineum

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39
Q

Place these in order by letter from earliest to latest in development: (A) fetus, (B) zygote, (C) embryo.

A

B, C, A

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40
Q

For the first 2 months of growth, the developing offspring is termed a(n):

A

embryo

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41
Q

A trimester consists of approximately:

A

3 months

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41
Q

The hormone produced early in pregnancy that maintains the corpus luteum is:

A

human chorionic gonadotropin

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41
Q

The foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus allow blood in the fetus to bypass the:

A

lungs

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42
Q

A nullipara is a:

A

woman who has never given birth

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43
Q

The production of colostrum is followed by:

A

lactation

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44
Q

During development, the zygote becomes a(n):

A

embryo

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45
Q

The length of pregnancy is often calculated from the:

A

LMP

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46
Q

Mastitis is:

A

inflammation of the breast

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46
Q

In an ectopic pregnancy, an embryo is developing:

A

outside its normal positon

47
Q

The technical name for toxemia of pregnancy is:

A

preeclampsia

48
Q

A congenital disorder:

A

is present at birth

49
Q

The period after childbirth is the:

A

puerperium

50
Q

GIFT and ZIFT are forms of:

A

IVF

51
Q

An amniocentesis is a(n):

A

method for diagnosing birth defects

52
Q

A teratogenic substance:

A

causes fetal malformation

53
Q

Narrowing of the uterus is:

A

metrostenosis

54
Q

Oocytes and female sex hormones are produced in the _______.

A

ovaries

55
Q

Formation of an oocyte

A

Oogenesis

56
Q

The breast nipple is known as what?

A

mammary papilla

56
Q

The anatomic equivalent of the penis in females is the _____.

A

clitoris

56
Q

The process of discharging one oocyte from an ovary is known as what?

A

ovulation

57
Q

The erectile tissue in females that responds to sexual stimulation is which of the following?

A

clitoris

57
Q

What part of the uterus is the inner lining?

A

endometrium

58
Q

The tubular, lower portion of the uterus that opens into the vagina is what?

A

cervix

59
Q

The external female genital organs together are called the

A

vulva

60
Q

Finger-like extensions of the salpinx that drape over the ovary:

A

fimbriae

61
Q

Space between the vagina and the cervix

A

fornix

62
Q

The dome-shaped portion of the uterus, opposite the cervix, is the _____.

A

fundus

63
Q

The secretory phase occurs during which days?

A

15 to 28

64
Q

The _____ is a fold of mucous membrane covering the vaginal orifice.

A

hymen

65
Q

The region between the thighs from the coccyx to the pubis, which includes the anus and external genitalia:

A

Perineum

66
Q

The mound of fatty tissue that covers the pubic bone is:

A

mons pubis

67
Q

The space between the labia minora is called the _____.

A

vestibule

67
Q

The _____ is a subcutaneous pad of adipose tissue encasing the junction of the pubic bone in females.

A

mons pubis

68
Q

The stage at which the _____ becomes imbedded in the lining of the uterus is termed implantation.

A

blastocyst

69
Q

The uterine tube is also called the _____.

A

fallopian tube

70
Q

The pear-shaped organ in the middle of the pelvis that supports a growing fetus is:

A

uterus

70
Q

A sac within the ovary called a _____ holds the immature egg cell.

A

follicle

71
Q

Outermost layer of the embryo

A

chorion

71
Q

The menstrual cycle occurs approximately every _______ days.

A

28

72
Q

A(n) _______ can be used to examine the cervix and vagina.

A

colposcope

73
Q

Oophorectomy is _____.

A

excision of an ovary

74
Q

Ovariorrhexis is _____.

A

rupture of an ovary

74
Q

Pain during intercourse is _____.

A

dyspareunia

75
Q

The abbreviation PID means _____.

A

pelvic inflammatory disease

75
Q

Painful, difficult menstruation is termed ______.

A

dysmennorhea

75
Q

Removal of the breast tumor and a small amount of normal tissue surrounding the tumor is termed _____.

A

lumpectomy

75
Q

______ are benign tumors found in the uterus.

A

Fibroids

76
Q

The area involved in an episiotomy is the _____.

A

perineum (and vagina)

77
Q

A Pap smear is used to ______.

A

diagnose cervical cancer

77
Q

The scientific name for a fibroid is _____.

A

leiomyoma

78
Q

A prolapsed organ has _______.

A

dropped down

78
Q

A procedure that uses a computer and a 3-dimensional scanning device to find a tumor site and guide the removal of tissue for microscopic examination is termed ______.

A

stereotactic biopsy

79
Q

Tubal ligation is performed for the purpose of _____.

A

contraception

80
Q

Vaginometry is _____.

A

measurement of the vagina

81
Q

About 5% of breast cancers are due to mutations in the _____ gene.

A

BRCA1

82
Q

Episiorrhaphy is _____.

A

suture of the vulva

83
Q

The absence of menstrual bleeding:

A

amenorrhea

84
Q

Any disease specific to women is _____.

A

gynecopathy

85
Q

Hysterotomy is _____.

A

incision of the uterus

86
Q

MRI uses what form of energy to create images of the body?

A

magnetic fields

86
Q

The inner layer of membrane surrounding the fetus:

A

amnion

87
Q

The average length of human gestation is _____.

A

40 weeks

88
Q

The function of the amniotic sac is to _____.

A

cushion the fetus

89
Q

The baby is delivered during the _____ stage of labor.

A

second

90
Q

The connecting stalk between the embryo/fetus and the placenta that contains two arteries and one vein is called the _____.

A

umbilical cord

91
Q

The entire time span of pregnancy is called _____.

A

gestation

92
Q

The ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale are found in the _____.

A

fetus

93
Q

The normal birth position is termed _____.

A

vertex

94
Q

The single cell formed at fertilization is referred to as a(n) _______.

A

zygote

95
Q

The placenta is formed from the endometrium and the _____.

A

chorion

96
Q

The umbilical cord contains _____ arteries.

A

two

96
Q

The umbilical cord contains _____ vein(s).

A

one

97
Q

Union of the male sperm and the female secondary oocyte is called _____.

A

fertilization

98
Q

A trimester is how long?

A

3 months

99
Q

A multigravida is a woman who _____.

A

A woman who has been pregnant two or more times.

100
Q

A ‘premie,’ or a premature infant, is a baby who is born before the ______ week of gestation.

A

37th

101
Q

A zygote forms as a result of _____.

A

fertilization

102
Q

An embryo becomes a fetus after week _____.

A

8

103
Q

Fetometry is _____.

A

measurement of a fetus

104
Q

The period of development in the uterus:

A

gestation

104
Q

_______ refers to a woman’s first pregnancy.

A

Primigravida

105
Q

Newborns are evaluated immediately after birth and given a score based on their apparent health and their chances for survival. The result of this evaluation is called the _____.

A

Apgar score

106
Q

_____ is a condition in which the placenta is positioned over the opening of the cervix into the vagina.

A

placenta previa

107
Q

Dark coloration on the skin of the face of pregnant women is termed _____.

A

chloasma

Anatomy, Physiology, and Terminology (15 decks)

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