Chapter 2 - Body Structure Flashcards
How many chromosomes in every cell?
46
What are the 10 major systems of the body?
skeletal, muscular, cardiovascular, nervous, endocrine, lymphatic, digestive, urinary, reproductive, respiratory
Root word of ‘cell’
cyt/o
Process of body cell division
mitosis
Compound that speeds the rate of a metabolic reaction
enzyme
Muscle root word
my/o
Closest to point of attachment
proximal
Further away from given reference point
distal
What is the basic unit of living organisms?
The cell
What is the energy compound of the cell?
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Includes the enzymes, some hormones, and structural materials
proteins
Includes sugars and starches
carbohydrates
Includes fats
Lipids
brachi/o
arm
supra
above
The basic structural and functional unit of the living organism; a microscopic unit that combines w/ other cells to form tissues (root=cyt/o)
Cell
A threadlike body in a cell’s nucleus that contains genetic info
Chromosome
Study of cells
Cytology
The fluid that fills the cells and holds the organelles
Cytoplasm
The genetic compound of the cell; makes up the genes. (deoxyribonucleic acid)
DNA
A hereditary unit composed of DNA and combined w/ other genes to form chromosomes
Gene
A simple sugar that circulates in the blood (roots = gluc/o, glyc/o)
Glucose
Study of tissues
Histology
A steady state; a condition of internal stability and constancy
Homeostasis
A simple very thin and pliable sheet of tissues that might cover and organ, line a cavity, or separate structures
Membrane
The sum of all the physical and chemical reactions that occur within an organism
Metabolism
Cell division
Mitosis
A thick fluid secreted by cells in membranes and glands that lubricates and protects tissues (roots = much/o, myx/o) ; adj. is mucous
Mucus
The cell’s control center; directs all cell chromosomes. (roots = nuclear/o, kary/o)
Nucleus
A part of the body w/ a specific function. A component of a body system.
Organ
A specialized structure in the cytoplasm of a cell
Organelle
An organic compound involved in the manufacture of proteins within cells. (ribonucleic acid)
RNA
A group of cells that acts together for a specific purpose (root = hist/o, histi/o)
Tissue
Stages of cell division (mitosis)
Interphase > Prophase > Metaphase > Anaphase > Telophase > Two new cells in Interphase
The larger ventral cavity below the diaphragm and above the pelvic cavity
Abdominal Cavity
The larger ventral cavity between the diaphragm and pelvis that includes the abdominal and pelvic cavity
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Standard position for anatomic studies, in which the body is erect and facing forward, the arms are at the sides with palms forward, and the feet are parallel
Anatomic Position
The dorsal cavity that contains the brain
Cranial Cavity
The muscle that separates the thoracic from the abdominal cavity
Diaphragm
Plane of section that separates the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions
Frontal (Coronal) Plane
The ventral cavity that is below the abdominal cavity
Pelvic Cavity
The larger serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers the organs with it
Peritoneum
Plane that divides the body into right and left portions
Sagittal Plane
Dorsal cavity that contains the spinal cord
Spinal Cavity (Canal)
The ventral cavity above the diaphragm; the chest cavity
Thoracic Cavity
Plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions
Transverse (Horizontal) Plane
LLQ
Left Lower Quadrant
LUQ
Left Upper Quadrant
RLQ
Right Lower Quadrant
RUQ
Right Upper Quadrant
A tumor of a gland is a(n):
adenoma
Adipose tissue, cartilage, and bone are types of:
connective tissue
Polymorphous cells have many:
forms
The study of tissues is:
histology
The nucleus in a megakaryocyte is:
large
A stem cell is:
an immature cell.
Interstitial fluid is found:
between cells
The word dysplasia means:
abnormal development.
A dactylospasm is a muscular cramp in a(n):
finger or toe.
An infracostal incision would be made __________ the ribs.
below
The thoracic cavity is a subdivision of the:
ventral cavity.
The paranasal sinuses are:
near the nose.
Perivascular tissue is:
around the vessels.
A laparoscope is introduced:
through the abdominal wall.
The superior ventral cavity is the:
thoracic
The opposite of proximal is
distal.
A sagittal plane divides the body into:
right and left parts.
Acrokinesia is excess motion of the:
extremities. (hands and feet)
What’s the level of organization in the body? Start with Chemicals.
Chemicals -> cell -> tissues -> organ (stomach) -> organ system (digestive) -> body as a whole
