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Anatomy, Physiology, and Terminology > Chapter 2 - Body Structure > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Body Structure Flashcards

1
Q

How many chromosomes in every cell?

A

46

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2
Q

What are the 10 major systems of the body?

A

skeletal, muscular, cardiovascular, nervous, endocrine, lymphatic, digestive, urinary, reproductive, respiratory

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3
Q

Root word of ‘cell’

A

cyt/o

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4
Q

Process of body cell division

A

mitosis

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5
Q

Compound that speeds the rate of a metabolic reaction

A

enzyme

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6
Q

Muscle root word

A

my/o

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6
Q

Closest to point of attachment

A

proximal

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7
Q

Further away from given reference point

A

distal

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8
Q

What is the basic unit of living organisms?

A

The cell

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9
Q

What is the energy compound of the cell?

A

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

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10
Q

Includes the enzymes, some hormones, and structural materials

A

proteins

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11
Q

Includes sugars and starches

A

carbohydrates

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12
Q

Includes fats

A

Lipids

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13
Q

brachi/o

A

arm

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14
Q

supra

A

above

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15
Q

The basic structural and functional unit of the living organism; a microscopic unit that combines w/ other cells to form tissues (root=cyt/o)

A

Cell

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16
Q

A threadlike body in a cell’s nucleus that contains genetic info

A

Chromosome

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17
Q

Study of cells

A

Cytology

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18
Q

The fluid that fills the cells and holds the organelles

A

Cytoplasm

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19
Q

The genetic compound of the cell; makes up the genes. (deoxyribonucleic acid)

A

DNA

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20
Q

A hereditary unit composed of DNA and combined w/ other genes to form chromosomes

A

Gene

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21
Q

A simple sugar that circulates in the blood (roots = gluc/o, glyc/o)

A

Glucose

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22
Q

Study of tissues

A

Histology

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23
Q

A steady state; a condition of internal stability and constancy

A

Homeostasis

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24
Q

A simple very thin and pliable sheet of tissues that might cover and organ, line a cavity, or separate structures

A

Membrane

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25
Q

The sum of all the physical and chemical reactions that occur within an organism

A

Metabolism

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26
Q

Cell division

A

Mitosis

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27
Q

A thick fluid secreted by cells in membranes and glands that lubricates and protects tissues (roots = much/o, myx/o) ; adj. is mucous

A

Mucus

28
Q

The cell’s control center; directs all cell chromosomes. (roots = nuclear/o, kary/o)

A

Nucleus

29
Q

A part of the body w/ a specific function. A component of a body system.

A

Organ

30
Q

A specialized structure in the cytoplasm of a cell

A

Organelle

31
Q

An organic compound involved in the manufacture of proteins within cells. (ribonucleic acid)

A

RNA

32
Q

A group of cells that acts together for a specific purpose (root = hist/o, histi/o)

A

Tissue

33
Q

Stages of cell division (mitosis)

A

Interphase > Prophase > Metaphase > Anaphase > Telophase > Two new cells in Interphase

34
Q

The larger ventral cavity below the diaphragm and above the pelvic cavity

A

Abdominal Cavity

35
Q

The larger ventral cavity between the diaphragm and pelvis that includes the abdominal and pelvic cavity

A

Abdominopelvic Cavity

36
Q

Standard position for anatomic studies, in which the body is erect and facing forward, the arms are at the sides with palms forward, and the feet are parallel

A

Anatomic Position

37
Q

The dorsal cavity that contains the brain

A

Cranial Cavity

38
Q

The muscle that separates the thoracic from the abdominal cavity

A

Diaphragm

39
Q

Plane of section that separates the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions

A

Frontal (Coronal) Plane

40
Q

The ventral cavity that is below the abdominal cavity

A

Pelvic Cavity

41
Q

The larger serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers the organs with it

A

Peritoneum

42
Q

Plane that divides the body into right and left portions

A

Sagittal Plane

43
Q

Dorsal cavity that contains the spinal cord

A

Spinal Cavity (Canal)

44
Q

The ventral cavity above the diaphragm; the chest cavity

A

Thoracic Cavity

45
Q

Plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions

A

Transverse (Horizontal) Plane

46
Q

LLQ

A

Left Lower Quadrant

47
Q

LUQ

A

Left Upper Quadrant

48
Q

RLQ

A

Right Lower Quadrant

49
Q

RUQ

A

Right Upper Quadrant

50
Q

A tumor of a gland is a(n):

A

adenoma

51
Q

Adipose tissue, cartilage, and bone are types of:

A

connective tissue

52
Q

Polymorphous cells have many:

A

forms

53
Q

The study of tissues is:

A

histology

54
Q

The nucleus in a megakaryocyte is:

A

large

55
Q

A stem cell is:

A

an immature cell.

56
Q

Interstitial fluid is found:

A

between cells

57
Q

The word dysplasia means:

A

abnormal development.

58
Q

A dactylospasm is a muscular cramp in a(n):

A

finger or toe.

59
Q

An infracostal incision would be made __________ the ribs.

A

below

60
Q

The thoracic cavity is a subdivision of the:

A

ventral cavity.

61
Q

The paranasal sinuses are:

A

near the nose.

62
Q

Perivascular tissue is:

A

around the vessels.

63
Q

A laparoscope is introduced:

A

through the abdominal wall.

64
Q

The superior ventral cavity is the:

A

thoracic

65
Q

The opposite of proximal is

A

distal.

66
Q

A sagittal plane divides the body into:

A

right and left parts.

67
Q

Acrokinesia is excess motion of the:

A

extremities. (hands and feet)

68
Q

What’s the level of organization in the body? Start with Chemicals.

A

Chemicals -> cell -> tissues -> organ (stomach) -> organ system (digestive) -> body as a whole

Anatomy, Physiology, and Terminology (15 decks)

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