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Anatomy, Physiology, and Terminology > Chapter 11 - Blood & Immunity > Flashcards

Chapter 11 - Blood & Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

A white blood cell that does not have visible granules in its cytoplasm.

A

agranulocyte

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2
Q

A simple protein found in blood plasma

A

albumin

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3
Q

A protein produced in response to and interacting specifically with an antigen

A

antibody

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4
Q

A substance that induces the formation of an antibody

A

antigen

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5
Q

Immune cell that takes in a foreign antigen, processes it, and presents it on the cell surface in combination with the body’s own proteins

A

antigen-presenting cell (APC)

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6
Q

A lymphocyte that matures in lymphoid tissue and is active in producing antibodies

A

B cell

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7
Q

An immature neutrophil with a nucleus in the shape of a band; also called a stab cell.

A

Band cell

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8
Q

A granular leukocyte that stains with basic dyes; active in allergic reactions

A

basophil

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9
Q

The fluid that circulates in the cardiovascular system (root: hem/o, hemat/o)

A

blood

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10
Q

Testing the compatibility of donor and recipient blood in preparation for a transfusion

A

cross-matching

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11
Q

Blood clotting

A

coagulation

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12
Q

A substance that separates into charged particles (ions) in solution; a salt. Term also applied to ions in body fluids

A

electrolyte

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13
Q

A granular leukocyte that stains with acidic dyes; active in allergic reactions and defense against parasites

A

eosinophil

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14
Q

A red blood cell (root: erythr/o, erythrocyt/o)

A

erythrocyte

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15
Q

A hormone produced in the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow.

A

erythropoietin (EPO)

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16
Q

The protein that forms a clot in the process of blood coagulation

A

fibrin

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17
Q

The inactive precursor of fibrin

A

fibrinogen

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17
Q

The fraction of the blood plasma that contains antibodies; given for passive transfer of immunity

A

gamma globulin

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18
Q

The cellular components of blood

A

formed elements

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19
Q

A white blood cell that has visible granules in its cytoplasm.

A

granulocyte

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20
Q

The iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that transports oxygen

A

hemoglobin (Hb, Hgb)

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21
Q

The stoppage of bleeding

A

hemostasis

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22
Q

The state of being protected against a specific disease (root: immun/o)

A

immunity

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23
Q

An antibody; each abbreviated with a capital letter: IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE

A

immunoglobulin (Ig)

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24
Q

A white blood cell

A

leukocyte

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25
Q

An agranular leukocyte active in immunity

A

lymphocyte

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26
Q

A large bone marrow cell that fragments to release platelets

A

megakaryocyte

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27
Q

A phagocytic cell derived from a monocyte; usually located within the tissues.

A

macrophage

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28
Q

An agranular phagocytic leukocyte

A

monocyte

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29
Q

A granular leukocyte that stains with acidic or basic dyes. The most numerous of the white blood cells. A type of phagocyte

A

neutrophil

30
Q

The engulfing of foreign material by white blood cells

A

phagocytosis

31
Q

The liquid portion of the blood

A

plasma

31
Q

A mature form of a B cell that produces antibodies

A

plasma cell

32
Q

A formed element of the blood that is active in hemostasis; a thrombocyte (root: thrombocyt/o)

A

platelet

33
Q

A lymphocyte that matures in the thymus gland and attacks foreign cells directly

A

T cell

34
Q

The fraction of the plasma that remains after blood coagulation; it is the equivalent of plasma without its clotting factors

A

serum

35
Q

A blood platelet (root: thrombocyt/o)

A

thrombocyte

36
Q

Hypersensitivity

A

allergy

37
Q

Failure of the immune system caused by infection with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus).

A

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

38
Q

A substance that causes an allergic response

A

allergen

39
Q

An exaggerated allergic reaction to a foreign substance. It may lead to death caused by circulatory collapse, and respiratory distress if untreated

A

anaphylactic reaction

40
Q

Anemia caused by bone marrow failure resulting in deficient blood cell production

A

aplastic anemia

41
Q

A condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against an individual’s own tissues

A

autoimmune disease

41
Q

The rupture of red blood cells and the release of hemoglobin

A

hemolysis

42
Q

A hereditary blood disease caused by lack of a clotting factor and resulting in abnormal bleeding

A

hemophilia

43
Q

Anemia that results from blood loss, as from an injury or internal bleeding

A

hemorrhagic anemia

44
Q

A congenital or acquired failure of the immune system to protect against disease

A

immunodeficiency

45
Q

Malignant overgrowth of immature white blood cells; may be chronic or acute; may affect bone marrow

A

leukemia

46
Q

Any disease of the lymph nodes

A

lymphadenopathy

47
Q

Pinpoint, flat, purplish-red spots caused by bleeding within the skin or mucous membrane

A

petechiae

48
Q

A skin reaction consisting of round, raised eruptions (wheals) with itching; hives

A

urticaria

49
Q

A condition characterized by hemorrhages into the skin, mucous membranes, internal organs, and other tissues

A

purpura

49
Q

A deficiency of thrombocytes (platelets) in the blood

A

thrombocytopenia

50
Q

A powerful stimulant produced by the adrenal gland and sympathetic nervous system. Activates the cardiovascular, respiratory, and other systems needed to meet stress.

A

epinephrine

51
Q

Dissolved salts found in body fluids are:

A

electrolytes

51
Q

The prevention of blood loss is:

A

hemostasis

52
Q

The substance that forms a blood clot is:

A

fibrin

53
Q

A platelet is also called a(n):

A

thrombocyte

54
Q

Macrophages are descendants of:

A

monocytes

55
Q

What is true for people with type B blood?

A

Their blood will agglutinate with anti-B serum.

56
Q

The skin, mucus, cilia, and lymph nodes are components of:

A

innate immunity

57
Q

The formed elements in blood are the:

A

cells

58
Q

The main function of erythrocytes is to:

A

carry oxygen.

59
Q

A group of blood enzymes active in immune responses is the:

A

complement.

60
Q

Cytopenia is a(n):

A

deficiency of cells

61
Q

A leukoblast is a(n):

A

immature white blood cell

62
Q

Immunity acquired by contact with a disease organism is described as:

A

adaptive

63
Q

An increase in platelets in the blood:

A

thrombocythemia

64
Q

Formation of lymphocytes:

A

lymphopoiesis

65
Q

The common term for hypersensitivity is:

A

allergy

66
Q

Petechiae, ecchymoses, and purpura are all signs of:

A

bleeding into the skin.

67
Q

Hodgkin disease involves the:

A

Lymphatic system

68
Q

Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) is a disorder that results from:

A

Rh incompatibility between a mother and child

69
Q

In azotemia, there are:

A

nitrogenous compounds in the blood.

Anatomy, Physiology, and Terminology (15 decks)

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