Chapter 11 - Blood & Immunity Flashcards
A white blood cell that does not have visible granules in its cytoplasm.
agranulocyte
A simple protein found in blood plasma
albumin
A protein produced in response to and interacting specifically with an antigen
antibody
A substance that induces the formation of an antibody
antigen
Immune cell that takes in a foreign antigen, processes it, and presents it on the cell surface in combination with the body’s own proteins
antigen-presenting cell (APC)
A lymphocyte that matures in lymphoid tissue and is active in producing antibodies
B cell
An immature neutrophil with a nucleus in the shape of a band; also called a stab cell.
Band cell
A granular leukocyte that stains with basic dyes; active in allergic reactions
basophil
The fluid that circulates in the cardiovascular system (root: hem/o, hemat/o)
blood
Testing the compatibility of donor and recipient blood in preparation for a transfusion
cross-matching
Blood clotting
coagulation
A substance that separates into charged particles (ions) in solution; a salt. Term also applied to ions in body fluids
electrolyte
A granular leukocyte that stains with acidic dyes; active in allergic reactions and defense against parasites
eosinophil
A red blood cell (root: erythr/o, erythrocyt/o)
erythrocyte
A hormone produced in the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow.
erythropoietin (EPO)
The protein that forms a clot in the process of blood coagulation
fibrin
The inactive precursor of fibrin
fibrinogen
The fraction of the blood plasma that contains antibodies; given for passive transfer of immunity
gamma globulin
The cellular components of blood
formed elements
A white blood cell that has visible granules in its cytoplasm.
granulocyte
The iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that transports oxygen
hemoglobin (Hb, Hgb)
The stoppage of bleeding
hemostasis
The state of being protected against a specific disease (root: immun/o)
immunity
An antibody; each abbreviated with a capital letter: IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE
immunoglobulin (Ig)
A white blood cell
leukocyte
An agranular leukocyte active in immunity
lymphocyte
A large bone marrow cell that fragments to release platelets
megakaryocyte
A phagocytic cell derived from a monocyte; usually located within the tissues.
macrophage
An agranular phagocytic leukocyte
monocyte
A granular leukocyte that stains with acidic or basic dyes. The most numerous of the white blood cells. A type of phagocyte
neutrophil
The engulfing of foreign material by white blood cells
phagocytosis
The liquid portion of the blood
plasma
A mature form of a B cell that produces antibodies
plasma cell
A formed element of the blood that is active in hemostasis; a thrombocyte (root: thrombocyt/o)
platelet
A lymphocyte that matures in the thymus gland and attacks foreign cells directly
T cell
The fraction of the plasma that remains after blood coagulation; it is the equivalent of plasma without its clotting factors
serum
A blood platelet (root: thrombocyt/o)
thrombocyte
Hypersensitivity
allergy
Failure of the immune system caused by infection with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus).
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
A substance that causes an allergic response
allergen
An exaggerated allergic reaction to a foreign substance. It may lead to death caused by circulatory collapse, and respiratory distress if untreated
anaphylactic reaction
Anemia caused by bone marrow failure resulting in deficient blood cell production
aplastic anemia
A condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against an individual’s own tissues
autoimmune disease
The rupture of red blood cells and the release of hemoglobin
hemolysis
A hereditary blood disease caused by lack of a clotting factor and resulting in abnormal bleeding
hemophilia
Anemia that results from blood loss, as from an injury or internal bleeding
hemorrhagic anemia
A congenital or acquired failure of the immune system to protect against disease
immunodeficiency
Malignant overgrowth of immature white blood cells; may be chronic or acute; may affect bone marrow
leukemia
Any disease of the lymph nodes
lymphadenopathy
Pinpoint, flat, purplish-red spots caused by bleeding within the skin or mucous membrane
petechiae
A skin reaction consisting of round, raised eruptions (wheals) with itching; hives
urticaria
A condition characterized by hemorrhages into the skin, mucous membranes, internal organs, and other tissues
purpura
A deficiency of thrombocytes (platelets) in the blood
thrombocytopenia
A powerful stimulant produced by the adrenal gland and sympathetic nervous system. Activates the cardiovascular, respiratory, and other systems needed to meet stress.
epinephrine
Dissolved salts found in body fluids are:
electrolytes
The prevention of blood loss is:
hemostasis
The substance that forms a blood clot is:
fibrin
A platelet is also called a(n):
thrombocyte
Macrophages are descendants of:
monocytes
What is true for people with type B blood?
Their blood will agglutinate with anti-B serum.
The skin, mucus, cilia, and lymph nodes are components of:
innate immunity
The formed elements in blood are the:
cells
The main function of erythrocytes is to:
carry oxygen.
A group of blood enzymes active in immune responses is the:
complement.
Cytopenia is a(n):
deficiency of cells
A leukoblast is a(n):
immature white blood cell
Immunity acquired by contact with a disease organism is described as:
adaptive
An increase in platelets in the blood:
thrombocythemia
Formation of lymphocytes:
lymphopoiesis
The common term for hypersensitivity is:
allergy
Petechiae, ecchymoses, and purpura are all signs of:
bleeding into the skin.
Hodgkin disease involves the:
Lymphatic system
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) is a disorder that results from:
Rh incompatibility between a mother and child
In azotemia, there are:
nitrogenous compounds in the blood.
