Chapter 9: The Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

atria

A

the receiving rooms of the heart

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2
Q

ventricles

A

the sending rooms of the heart

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3
Q

valve

A

valvul/o

Ex: valvulotomy, valvulitis

The heart has four valves: two atrioventricular valves and two valves between the ventricles and arteries. The purpose of the heart valve is to prevent blood from flowing backward

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4
Q

mitral valve

A

connects the left atrium and ventricle

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5
Q

aortic valve

A

connects the left ventricle to the outgoing blood vessel, the aorta

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6
Q

arteries

A

outgoing blood vessels

when the heart compresses, the ventricles force the blood out into the arteries

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7
Q

atrium (upper chamber)

A

atri/o

Ex: atrium, atrial fibrillation

Atrium is the upper portion of each side of the heart

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8
Q

septum (plural: septa)

A

sept/o

Ex: atrial septal defect, septoplasty

Septum can refer to any wall separating two cavities

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9
Q

ventricle (lower chamber)

A

ventricul/o

Ex: ventriculotomy

ventricle is the lower portion of each side of the heart

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10
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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11
Q

aorta

A

main outgoing vessel

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12
Q

capillaries

A

tiny blood vessels

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13
Q

coron/o

A

heart

Ex: coronary artery, coronary thrombosis

specifically the heart’s blood supply

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14
Q

vessel

A

angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o

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15
Q

pulmonary artery

A

carries blood to the lungs to attain oxygen and discard carbon dioxide

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16
Q

aorta

A

aort/o

aorta is the main artery leaving the heart and distributing oxygenated blood throughout the body, it branches off into arteries that supply the upper body

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17
Q

artery

A

arteri/o

arteries are the large blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from heart to body tissue

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18
Q

fatty plaque

A

ather/o

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19
Q

vein

A

phleb/o, ven/o

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20
Q

angina pectoris
an-JAI-nah-PEK-tor-is

A

oppressive pain in the chest caused by irregular blood flow to the heart

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21
Q

arrhythmia
ah-RITH-mee-ah

A

irregular heartbeat

a - no
rrhythm - rhythm
ia - condition

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22
Q

dysrhythmia
dis-RITH-mee-ah

A

irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia is more common)

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23
Q

palpitation
PAL-pih-TAY-shun

A

rapid or irregular beating of the heart

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24
Q

pectoralgia
PEK-tor-RAL-jee-ah

A

chest pain, most common heart problem

pector - chest
algia - pain

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25
aortalgia AY-or-TAL-jah
pain in the aorta aort- aorta algia - pain
26
diaphoresis DAI-ah-foh-REE-sis
profuse sweating dia - through phoresis - carry
27
hemorrhage HEM-oh-RIJ
loss of blood hemo - blood rrhage - burst forth
28
phlebalgia fleh-BAL-jee-ah
pain in a vein phleb - vein algia - pain
29
endocardium EN-doh-KARD-ee-um
tissue lining the inside of the heart endo - inside card - heart ium - tissue
30
epicardium EP-ih-KARD-ee-um
tissue lining the outside of the heart epi - upon card - heart ium - tissue
31
myocardium MAI-oh-KARD-ee-um
heart muscle tissue myo - muscle card - heart ium - tissue
32
pericardium PER-ih-KARD-ee-um
tissue around the heart peri - around card - heart ium - tissue
33
bradycardia BRAYD-ih-KARD-ee-ah
slow heartbeat brady - slow card - heart ia - condition
34
cardiomegaly KAR-dee-oh-MEG-ah-lee
enlarged heart cardio-heart megaly - enlarged
35
cyanosis SAI-ah-NOH-sis
bluish appearance to the skin - a sign that the tissue isn't receiving enough oxygen (urgent) cyan - blue osis - condition
36
murmer MUR-mur
abnormal heart sound
37
tachycardia TAK-ih-KARD-ee-ah
rapid heartbeat tachy - fast card - heart ia - condition
38
vena cava VEE-nah CAY-vah
large-diameter vein that gathers blood from the body and returns it to the heart vena - vein cava - hollow
39
inferior vena cava VEE-nah CAY-vah
portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from the lower portion of the body inferior - lower vena - vein cava - hollow
40
superior vena cava VEE-nah CAY-vah
portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from the upper portion of the body (head and arms)
41
angiogensis AN-jee-oh-JIN-eh-sis
development of blood vessels angio - vessel genesis - creation
42
angiolith AN-jee-oh-LITh
stone forming in the wall of a blood vessel angio - vessel lith - stone
43
angiopoiesis AN-jee-oh-poy-EE-sis
formation of blood vessels angio - vessel poiesis - formation
44
angiosclerosis AN-jee-oh-skleh-ROH-sis
hardening of a blood vessel angio - vessel scler - hard osis - condition
45
aortectasia AY-ort-ek-TAY-zhah
dilation of the aorta aort - aorta ectasia - dilation
46
aortic stenosis ay-OR-tik steh-NOH-sis
narrowing of the aorta aorti - aorta tic - pertaining to sten - narrow osis - condition
47
aortolith AY-OR-toh-LITH
stone deposit in the wall of the aorta aort - aorta lith - stone
48
arteriolith ar-TER-ee-oh-LITH
stone in the artery arterio - artery lith - stone
49
arteriorrhexis ar-TER-ee-oh-REK-sis
rupture of an artery arterio - artery rrhexis - rupture
50
arteriosclerosis ar-TER-ee-oh-skleh-ROH-sis
hardening of an artery arterio - artery scler - hard osis - condition
51
atherogensis ATH-eh-roh-JEN-eh-sis
formation of fatty plaque on the wall of an artery athero - fatty plaque genesis - creation
52
atherosclerosis ATH-eh-ROH-skleh-ROH_sis
hardening of an artery due to buildup of fatty plaque athero - fatty plaque scler - hard osis - condition
53
embolism EM-boh-lizm
blockage in a blood vessel caused by an embolus
54
embolus EM-boh-lus
mass of matter present in the blood
55
ischemia is-KEE-mee-ah
blocked of blood flow to an organ isch - hold back emia - blood condition
56
occlusion oh-KLOO-zhun
closing or blockage of a passage
57
phlebosclerosis FLEH-boh-skleh-ROH-sis
hardening of a vein phlebo - vein scler - hard osis - condition
58
thrombus THROM-bus
blood clot
59
varicose veins VAR-ih-kohs
an enlarged, dilated vein toward the surface of the skin varicose - swollen
60
vasospasm VAH-so-spazm
involuntary contraction of a blood vessel veno - vein spasm - involuntary contraction
61
venostasis VEE-noh-STAY-sis
trapping of blood in an extremity due to compression veno - vein stasis - standing
62
angiogram AN-jee-oh-GRAM
record of the blood vessels angio-vessel gram-record
63
angiography AN-jee-AWG-rah-fee
procedure to describe the blood vessels angio - vessel graphy - writing procedure
64
aortograpm ay-OR-toh-GRAM
record of the aorta aorto - aorta gram - record
65
arteriogram ar-TER-ee-oh-GRAM
record of an artery arterio - artery gram - record
66
venogram VEE-noh-gram
record of a vein veno - vein gram - record
67
angioscope AN-jee-oh-SKOWP
device for looking into a blood vessel angio - vessel scope - device for looking
68
cardiac catheterization KAR-dee-ak KATH-et-er-ih-ZAY-shun
process of inserting a tube (catheter) into the heart by passing a tube through the arteries, doctors are able to diagnose and treat heart problems without performing major surgery cardi - heart ac - pertaining to catheter ization - procedure
69
echocardiogram Ek-oh-KAR-dee-oh-GRAM
image of the heart produced using sound waves; the same procedure as an ultrasound performed on pregnant women, but instead it is performed on the heart echo - echo cardio - heart gram - record
70
echocardiography EK-oh-KAR-dee-AWG-rah-fee
use of sound waves to produce an image of the heart; the same procedure as an ultrasound performed on pregnant women, but instead it is performed on the heart echo - echo cardio - heart graphy - procedure
71
electrocardiogram eh-LEK-troh-KAR-dee-oh-GRAM
record of the electrical currents of the heart electro - electricity cardio - heart gram - record
72
electrocardiography eh-LEK-troh-KAR-dee-AWG-rah-fee
procedure for recording the electrical currents of the heart electro - electricity cardio - heart graphy - writing procedure
73
sonography saw-NAWG-rah-fee
use of sound waves to produce diagnostic images; also called ultrasound sono - sound graphy - writing procedure
74
stress electrocardiogram STRES - eh-LEK-troh-KAR-dee-oh-GRAM
records electrical signals of the heart while the patient experiences increases of exercise stress stress electro - electricity cardio - heart gram - record
75
transesophageal echocardiogram TRANZ-eh-SOF-ah-JEE-al EK-oh-KAR-dee-oh-GRAM
record of the heart using sound waves performed by inserting and transducer into the esophagus trans - through esophag - esophagus eal - pertaining to echo - electricity cardio - heart gram - record
76
vascular endoscopy VAS-kyoo-lar en-DAWS-koh-pee
procedure to look inside a blood vessel vascul - vessel ar - pertaining to endo - inside scopy - looking procedure
77
blood pressure
the force exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels
78
diastolic pressure DAI-ah-STAWL-ik PRESH-ur
pressure exerted on blood vessels when heart is relaxed dia - thorugh stol - send ic - pertaining to
79
systolic pressure sis-TAWK-ik
pressure exerted on blood vessels when heart is contracting sys - together stol - send ic - pertaining to
80
circulation SIR-kyoo-LAY-shun
moving of blood from the heart through the vessels and back to the heart
81
coronary circulation KOR-oh-NER-ee
circulation of blood from the heart to the heart muscle (the heart always feeds itself first)
82
pulmonary circulation
circulation of blood from the heart to the lungs (to oxygenate it) pulmon - lung ary - pertaining to
83
systemic circulation
circulation of blood from the heart to the rest of the body sys - together stem - stand ic - pertaining to
84
phlebotomy fleh-BAWT-oh-mee
incision into a vein- the technical term of drawing blood phlebo - vein tomy - incision
85
cardiotoxic KAR-dee-oh-TOK-sik
poisonous to the heart cardio - heart toxic - poison
86
angiocarditis AN-jee-oh-kar-DAI-tis
inflammation of the heart vessels angio-vessel card - heart itis - inflammation
87
atrial fibrillation AY-tree-al FIB-rih-LAY-shun
quivering or spontaneous contraction of muscle fibers in the heart's atrium atri - atrium al - pertaining to fibrill - little fibers ation - process
88
atrial septal defect (ASD) AY-tree-al SEP-al DEE-fekt
flaw in the septum that divides the two artia of the heart atria - atrium al - pertaining to sept - septum al - pertaining to de - bad fect - made
89
cardiac arrest
cessation of functional circulation
90
cardiomyopathy KAR-dee-oh-mai-AWP-ah-thee
disease of the heart muscle cardio - heart myo - muscle pathy - disease
91
congestive cardiomyopathy con-JES-tiv KAR-dee-oh-mai-AWP-ah-thee
heart cavity is unable to pump all the blood out of itself (congestive) and becomes stretched (dilated), which causes weak/slow pumping of blood con - together gestive - bring
92
dilated cardiomyopathy DAI-lay-ted KAR-dee-oh-mai-AWP-ah-thee
another term for congestive cardiomyopathy dilated - expanded cardio - heart myo - muscle pathy - disease
93
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy HAI-per-TROH-fik KAR-dee-oh-mai-AWP-ah-thee
heart muscle becomes enlarged and blocks blood flow hyper - over troph - developed ic - pertaining to
94
restrictive cardiomyopathy KAR-dee-oh-mai-AWP-ah-thee
heart muscle hardens, restricting the expansion of the heart, thus limiting the amount of blood it can pump to the rest of the body re - back strict - tied ic - pertaining to
95
carditis kar-DAI-tis
inflammation of the heart card - heart itis - inflammation
96
congenital heart defect con-JEN-ih-tal
flaw in the structure of the heart present at birth con - together genit - birth al - pertaining to
97
congestive heart failure (CHF)
heart failure characterized by the heart cavity being unable to pump all the blood out of itself (congestive) con - together gest - bring ive - pertaining to
98
coronary thrombosis KOR-oh-NER-ee throm-BOH-sis
obstruction of a coronary artery by a clot coron - heart ary - pertaining to thromb - clot osis - condition
99
endocarditis EN-doh-kar-DAI-tis
inflammation of the tissue lining the inside of the heart endo - inside card - heart itis - inflammation
100
myocardial infarction (MI) MAI-oh-KAR-dee-al in-FARK-shun
death of heart muscle tissue (resulting to blocked blood vessel) myo - muscle cardi - heart al - pertaining to in - in farc - stuff tion - condition
101
myocardial ischemia MAI-oh-KAR-dee-al is-KEE-mee-ah
blockage of blood to the heart muscle myo - muscle cardi - heart al - pertianing to isch - hold back emia - blood condition
102
myocarditis MAI-oh-kar-DAI-tis
inflammation of the heart muscle
103
pericardial effusion PER-ee-KAR-dee-al ee-FYOO-zhun
fluid pouring out into the tissue around the heart peri - around cardi - heart al - pertaining to ef - out fusion - pour
104
pericarditis PER-ee-kar-DAI-tis
inflammation of the tissue around the heart
105
valvulitis VAL-vyoo-LAI-tis
inflammation of a heart valve valvul - valve itis - inflammation
106
ventricular septal defect (VSD) ven-TRIK-yoo-lar SEP-tal
flaw in the septum that divides the two ventricles of the heart ventricul - ventricle ar - pertaining to sept - septum al - pertaining to de - bad fect - made
107
aneurysm AN-yoo-rizm
bulge in a blood vessel an - up eury - wide sm - condition
108
angioedema AN-jee-oh-eh-DEE-mah
swelling of the blood vessels angio - vessel edema - swelling
109
angioma AN-jee-OH-ma
blood vessel tumor angi - vessel oma - tumor
110
aortic aneurysm ay-OR-tik AN-yir-IZ-um
bulging or swelling of the aorta aort - aorta ic - pertaining to an - up eury - wide sm - condition
111
aortic regurgitation ay-OR-tik ree-GIR-jih-TAY-shun
flow of the blood backward from the aorta into the heart, caused by a weak heart valve aort - aorta ic - pertiaining to re - back gurgit - bubble ation - condition
112
aortitis ay-or-TAIT-is
inflammation of the aorta
113
arteriopathy ar-TER-ee-AWP-ah-thee
disease of the arteries
114
arteritis ART-er-RAIT-is
inflammation of the arteries
115
deep vein thrombosis
formation of a blood clot in a vein deep in the body, most commonly the leg
116
hypertension
high blood pressure hyper - over tens - stretch ion - condition
117
hypotension
low blood pressure hypo - under tens - stretch ion - condition
118
normotension NOR-moh-TEN-shun
normal blood pressure normo - normal tens - stretch ion - condition
119
phlebitis fleh-BAIT-is
inflammation of the veins
120
phlebostenosis FLEB-oh-steh-NOH-sis
narrowing of the veins phlebo - veins sten - narrow osis - condition
121
thrombophlebitis THROM-boh-fleh-BAI-tis
inflammatin of vein caused by a clot thrombo - clot phleb - vein itis - inflammation
122
vasculitis VAS-kyoo-LAI-tis
inflammation of blood vessels vascul - vessek itis - inflammation
123
antianginal ANT-ee-AN-jin-al
drug that prevents or relives the symptoms of angina pectoris anti - against angin - angina (choke) al - agent
124
antiarrhythmic ANT-ee-ah-RITH-mik
drug that opposes an irregular heartbeat anti - against a - no rhythm ic - agent
125
anticoagulant ANT-ih-koh-AG-yoo-lant
drug that opposes the coagulation of the blood anti - against coagul - coagulation ant - agent
126
antihypertensive ANT-ih-HAI-per-TEN-siv
drug that opposes high blood pressure
127
cardiotonic KAR-dee-oh-TAWN-ik
drug that increases the strength of the heart contractions cardio - heart ton - tone ic - agent
128
thrombolytic THROM-boh-LIT-ik
drug that breaks down clots thrombo - clot lyt - loose ic - agent
129
vasoconstrictor VAH-soh-kon-STRIK-tor
drug that constricts or narrows the diameter of a blood vessel vaso - vessel constrict - narrowing or - agent
130
vasodilator VAH-soh-dai-LAYT-or
drug that causes the relaxation or expansion of a blood vessel
131
vasopressor VAH-so-PRES-or
drug that constricts or narrows the diameter of a blood vessel vaso - vessel press or - agent
132
cardiomyotomy KAR-dee-oh-mai-AWT-oh-mee
incision into the heart muscle cardio - heart myo - muscle tomy - incision
133
cardiopulmonary bypass KAR-dee-oh-PUL-moh-ner-ee PAI-pas
procedure that temporarily circulates and pxygenates a patient's blood during the portion of heart surgery where the heart is stopped cardio - heart pulmon - lung ary - pertaining to
134
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
basic life support
135
cardiothoracic surgery
surgery that involves cutting through the patient's chest to get to the heart
136
cardioversion KAR-dee-oh-VER-zhun
returning a heart to normal rhythm
137
coronary arterectomy KOR-oh-NER-ee ART-e-REK-toh-mee
surgical removal of a coronary artery coron - heart ary - pertaining to arter - artery ectomy - removal
138
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) KOR-oh-NER-ee AR-ter-ee BAI-pass GRAFT
borrowed piece of blood vessel used to bypass a blocked artery in the heart
139
coronary artery bypass surgery
surgery to pass a blocked artery in the heart
140
percutaneous coronary intervention PER-kyoo-TAY-nee-us
alternation treatment for a coronary artery that passes instruments up a patient's blood vessels into the heart per - thorugh cutane - skin out - pertinaing to coron - heart ary - pertaining to
141
pericardiocentesis PER-ee-KAR-dee-oh-sis-TEE-sis
puncture of the tisue around the heart peri - around cardio - heart centesis - puncture
142
pericardiotomy PER-ee-KAR-dee-AWT-oh-mee
incision into the tissue around the heart peri - around carido - heart tomy - incision
143
valvectomy val-VEK-toh-mee
surgical removal of a heart valve valv - valve ectomy - removal
144
valvotomy val-VAWT-oh-mee
incision into a heart valve valvo - valve tomy - incision
145
valvuloplasty VAL-vyoo-loh-PLAS-tee
surgical reconstruction of a heart valve valvulo - valve plasty - reconstruction
146
ventriculotomy ven-TRIK-yoo-LAWT-oh-mee
incision into a ventricle ventriculo - ventricle tomy - incision
147
anastomosis ah-NAS-toh-moh-sis
creation of an opening between two normally separate structures ana - up stom - mouth osis - condition
148
aneurysmectomy AN-yoo-riz-MEK-toh-mee
surgical removal of an aneurysm
149
angioplasty AN-jee-oh-PLAS-tee
surgical reconstruction of a vessel
150
angiorrhaphy AN-jee-OR-ah-fee
suture of a vessel angio - vessel rraphy - suture
151
aortorraphy AY-OR-TOR-ah-fee
suture of the aorta aorto - aorta rrhaphy - suture
152
aortotomy AY-OR-TAWT-oh-mee
incision into the aorta
153
arteriectomy ar-TEE_ee-EK-toh-mee
surgical removal of an artery arteri - artery ectomy - removal
154
arterioplasty ar-TER-ee-oh-PLAS-tee
surgical reconstruction of an artery
155
arteriorrhaphy ar-TER-ee-OR-ah-fee
suture of an artery arterio - artery rrhaphy - suture
156
atherectomy ATH-er-EK-toh-mee
surgical removal of fatty plaque within an artery ather - fatty plaque ectomy - removal
157
embolectomy EM-boh-LEK-toh-mee
surigcal removal of an embolus
158
endarterectomy END-ar-ter-EK-toh-mee
surgical removal of the inside of an artery end - inside arter - artery ectomy - removal
159
phlebectomy fleb-EK-toh-mee
surgical removal of a vein
160
phlebophlebostomy FLEB-oh-fleh-BAWS-toh-mee
procedure to create an opening between two veins phlebo - veins stomy - opening
161
varicotomy VAR-ih-KAWT-oh-mee
surgical removal of a varicose vein
162
venectomy vee-NEK-toh-mee
surgical removal of a vein
163
AAA
abdominal aortic aneurysm
164
A-fub
atrial fibrillation
165
ASD
atrial septal defect
166
BP
blood pressure
167
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft
168
CAD
coronary artery disease
169
CHF
congestive heart failure
170
CO
cardiac output
171
CTA
computed tomographic angiography
172
DVT
deep vein thrombosis
173
ECHO
echocardiogram
174
EKG
electrocardiogram
175
HTN
hypertension
176
MI
myocardial infarction
177
MRA
magnetic resonance angiography
178
MVP
mitral valve prolapse
179
NSR
normal sinus rhythm
180
PCI
percutaneous coronary intervention
181
SCA
sudden cardiac arrest
182
SV
stroke volume
183
TEE
transesophageal echocardiogram
184
VSD
ventricular septal defect
185
coronary artery
vessel supplying oxygenated blood to the heart muscle