Chapter 9: The Cardiovascular System Flashcards
atria
the receiving rooms of the heart
ventricles
the sending rooms of the heart
valve
valvul/o
Ex: valvulotomy, valvulitis
The heart has four valves: two atrioventricular valves and two valves between the ventricles and arteries. The purpose of the heart valve is to prevent blood from flowing backward
mitral valve
connects the left atrium and ventricle
aortic valve
connects the left ventricle to the outgoing blood vessel, the aorta
arteries
outgoing blood vessels
when the heart compresses, the ventricles force the blood out into the arteries
atrium (upper chamber)
atri/o
Ex: atrium, atrial fibrillation
Atrium is the upper portion of each side of the heart
septum (plural: septa)
sept/o
Ex: atrial septal defect, septoplasty
Septum can refer to any wall separating two cavities
ventricle (lower chamber)
ventricul/o
Ex: ventriculotomy
ventricle is the lower portion of each side of the heart
cardi/o
heart
aorta
main outgoing vessel
capillaries
tiny blood vessels
coron/o
heart
Ex: coronary artery, coronary thrombosis
specifically the heart’s blood supply
vessel
angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o
pulmonary artery
carries blood to the lungs to attain oxygen and discard carbon dioxide
aorta
aort/o
aorta is the main artery leaving the heart and distributing oxygenated blood throughout the body, it branches off into arteries that supply the upper body
artery
arteri/o
arteries are the large blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from heart to body tissue
fatty plaque
ather/o
vein
phleb/o, ven/o
angina pectoris
an-JAI-nah-PEK-tor-is
oppressive pain in the chest caused by irregular blood flow to the heart
arrhythmia
ah-RITH-mee-ah
irregular heartbeat
a - no
rrhythm - rhythm
ia - condition
dysrhythmia
dis-RITH-mee-ah
irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia is more common)
palpitation
PAL-pih-TAY-shun
rapid or irregular beating of the heart
pectoralgia
PEK-tor-RAL-jee-ah
chest pain, most common heart problem
pector - chest
algia - pain
aortalgia
AY-or-TAL-jah
pain in the aorta
aort- aorta
algia - pain
diaphoresis
DAI-ah-foh-REE-sis
profuse sweating
dia - through
phoresis - carry
hemorrhage
HEM-oh-RIJ
loss of blood
hemo - blood
rrhage - burst forth
phlebalgia
fleh-BAL-jee-ah
pain in a vein
phleb - vein
algia - pain
endocardium
EN-doh-KARD-ee-um
tissue lining the inside of the heart
endo - inside
card - heart
ium - tissue
epicardium
EP-ih-KARD-ee-um
tissue lining the outside of the heart
epi - upon
card - heart
ium - tissue
myocardium
MAI-oh-KARD-ee-um
heart muscle tissue
myo - muscle
card - heart
ium - tissue
pericardium
PER-ih-KARD-ee-um
tissue around the heart
peri - around
card - heart
ium - tissue
bradycardia
BRAYD-ih-KARD-ee-ah
slow heartbeat
brady - slow
card - heart
ia - condition
cardiomegaly
KAR-dee-oh-MEG-ah-lee
enlarged heart
cardio-heart
megaly - enlarged
cyanosis
SAI-ah-NOH-sis
bluish appearance to the skin - a sign that the tissue isn’t receiving enough oxygen (urgent)
cyan - blue
osis - condition
murmer
MUR-mur
abnormal heart sound
tachycardia
TAK-ih-KARD-ee-ah
rapid heartbeat
tachy - fast
card - heart
ia - condition
vena cava
VEE-nah CAY-vah
large-diameter vein that gathers blood from the body and returns it to the heart
vena - vein
cava - hollow
inferior vena cava
VEE-nah CAY-vah
portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from the lower portion of the body
inferior - lower
vena - vein
cava - hollow
superior vena cava
VEE-nah CAY-vah
portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from the upper portion of the body (head and arms)
angiogensis
AN-jee-oh-JIN-eh-sis
development of blood vessels
angio - vessel
genesis - creation
angiolith
AN-jee-oh-LITh
stone forming in the wall of a blood vessel
angio - vessel
lith - stone
angiopoiesis
AN-jee-oh-poy-EE-sis
formation of blood vessels
angio - vessel
poiesis - formation
angiosclerosis
AN-jee-oh-skleh-ROH-sis
hardening of a blood vessel
angio - vessel
scler - hard
osis - condition
aortectasia
AY-ort-ek-TAY-zhah
dilation of the aorta
aort - aorta
ectasia - dilation
aortic stenosis
ay-OR-tik steh-NOH-sis
narrowing of the aorta
aorti - aorta
tic - pertaining to
sten - narrow
osis - condition
aortolith
AY-OR-toh-LITH
stone deposit in the wall of the aorta
aort - aorta
lith - stone
arteriolith
ar-TER-ee-oh-LITH
stone in the artery
arterio - artery
lith - stone
arteriorrhexis
ar-TER-ee-oh-REK-sis
rupture of an artery
arterio - artery
rrhexis - rupture
arteriosclerosis
ar-TER-ee-oh-skleh-ROH-sis
hardening of an artery
arterio - artery
scler - hard
osis - condition
atherogensis
ATH-eh-roh-JEN-eh-sis
formation of fatty plaque on the wall of an artery
athero - fatty plaque
genesis - creation
atherosclerosis
ATH-eh-ROH-skleh-ROH_sis
hardening of an artery due to buildup of fatty plaque
athero - fatty plaque
scler - hard
osis - condition
embolism
EM-boh-lizm
blockage in a blood vessel caused by an embolus
embolus
EM-boh-lus
mass of matter present in the blood
ischemia
is-KEE-mee-ah
blocked of blood flow to an organ
isch - hold back
emia - blood condition
occlusion
oh-KLOO-zhun
closing or blockage of a passage
phlebosclerosis
FLEH-boh-skleh-ROH-sis
hardening of a vein
phlebo - vein
scler - hard
osis - condition
thrombus
THROM-bus
blood clot
varicose veins
VAR-ih-kohs
an enlarged, dilated vein toward the surface of the skin
varicose - swollen
vasospasm
VAH-so-spazm
involuntary contraction of a blood vessel
veno - vein
spasm - involuntary contraction
venostasis
VEE-noh-STAY-sis
trapping of blood in an extremity due to compression
veno - vein
stasis - standing
angiogram
AN-jee-oh-GRAM
record of the blood vessels
angio-vessel
gram-record
angiography
AN-jee-AWG-rah-fee
procedure to describe the blood vessels
angio - vessel
graphy - writing procedure
aortograpm
ay-OR-toh-GRAM
record of the aorta
aorto - aorta
gram - record
arteriogram
ar-TER-ee-oh-GRAM
record of an artery
arterio - artery
gram - record
venogram
VEE-noh-gram
record of a vein
veno - vein
gram - record
angioscope
AN-jee-oh-SKOWP
device for looking into a blood vessel
angio - vessel
scope - device for looking
cardiac catheterization
KAR-dee-ak KATH-et-er-ih-ZAY-shun
process of inserting a tube (catheter) into the heart
by passing a tube through the arteries, doctors are able to diagnose and treat heart problems without performing major surgery
cardi - heart
ac - pertaining to
catheter
ization - procedure
echocardiogram
Ek-oh-KAR-dee-oh-GRAM
image of the heart produced using sound waves; the same procedure as an ultrasound performed on pregnant women, but instead it is performed on the heart
echo - echo
cardio - heart
gram - record
echocardiography
EK-oh-KAR-dee-AWG-rah-fee
use of sound waves to produce an image of the heart; the same procedure as an ultrasound performed on pregnant women, but instead it is performed on the heart
echo - echo
cardio - heart
graphy - procedure
electrocardiogram
eh-LEK-troh-KAR-dee-oh-GRAM
record of the electrical currents of the heart
electro - electricity
cardio - heart
gram - record
electrocardiography
eh-LEK-troh-KAR-dee-AWG-rah-fee
procedure for recording the electrical currents of the heart
electro - electricity
cardio - heart
graphy - writing procedure
sonography
saw-NAWG-rah-fee
use of sound waves to produce diagnostic images; also called ultrasound
sono - sound
graphy - writing procedure
stress electrocardiogram
STRES - eh-LEK-troh-KAR-dee-oh-GRAM
records electrical signals of the heart while the patient experiences increases of exercise stress
stress
electro - electricity
cardio - heart
gram - record
transesophageal echocardiogram
TRANZ-eh-SOF-ah-JEE-al EK-oh-KAR-dee-oh-GRAM
record of the heart using sound waves performed by inserting and transducer into the esophagus
trans - through
esophag - esophagus
eal - pertaining to
echo - electricity
cardio - heart
gram - record
vascular endoscopy
VAS-kyoo-lar en-DAWS-koh-pee
procedure to look inside a blood vessel
vascul - vessel
ar - pertaining to
endo - inside
scopy - looking procedure
blood pressure
the force exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels
diastolic pressure
DAI-ah-STAWL-ik PRESH-ur
pressure exerted on blood vessels when heart is relaxed
dia - thorugh
stol - send
ic - pertaining to
systolic pressure
sis-TAWK-ik
pressure exerted on blood vessels when heart is contracting
sys - together
stol - send
ic - pertaining to
circulation
SIR-kyoo-LAY-shun
moving of blood from the heart through the vessels and back to the heart
coronary circulation
KOR-oh-NER-ee
circulation of blood from the heart to the heart muscle (the heart always feeds itself first)
pulmonary circulation
circulation of blood from the heart to the lungs (to oxygenate it)
pulmon - lung
ary - pertaining to
systemic circulation
circulation of blood from the heart to the rest of the body
sys - together
stem - stand
ic - pertaining to
phlebotomy
fleh-BAWT-oh-mee
incision into a vein- the technical term of drawing blood
phlebo - vein
tomy - incision
cardiotoxic
KAR-dee-oh-TOK-sik
poisonous to the heart
cardio - heart
toxic - poison
angiocarditis
AN-jee-oh-kar-DAI-tis
inflammation of the heart vessels
angio-vessel
card - heart
itis - inflammation
atrial fibrillation
AY-tree-al FIB-rih-LAY-shun
quivering or spontaneous contraction of muscle fibers in the heart’s atrium
atri - atrium
al - pertaining to
fibrill - little fibers
ation - process
atrial septal defect (ASD)
AY-tree-al SEP-al DEE-fekt
flaw in the septum that divides the two artia of the heart
atria - atrium
al - pertaining to
sept - septum
al - pertaining to
de - bad
fect - made
cardiac arrest
cessation of functional circulation
cardiomyopathy
KAR-dee-oh-mai-AWP-ah-thee
disease of the heart muscle
cardio - heart
myo - muscle
pathy - disease
congestive cardiomyopathy
con-JES-tiv KAR-dee-oh-mai-AWP-ah-thee
heart cavity is unable to pump all the blood out of itself (congestive) and becomes stretched (dilated), which causes weak/slow pumping of blood
con - together
gestive - bring
dilated cardiomyopathy
DAI-lay-ted KAR-dee-oh-mai-AWP-ah-thee
another term for congestive cardiomyopathy
dilated - expanded
cardio - heart
myo - muscle
pathy - disease
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
HAI-per-TROH-fik KAR-dee-oh-mai-AWP-ah-thee
heart muscle becomes enlarged and blocks blood flow
hyper - over
troph - developed
ic - pertaining to
restrictive cardiomyopathy
KAR-dee-oh-mai-AWP-ah-thee
heart muscle hardens, restricting the expansion of the heart, thus limiting the amount of blood it can pump to the rest of the body
re - back
strict - tied
ic - pertaining to
carditis
kar-DAI-tis
inflammation of the heart
card - heart
itis - inflammation
congenital heart defect
con-JEN-ih-tal
flaw in the structure of the heart present at birth
con - together
genit - birth
al - pertaining to
congestive heart failure (CHF)
heart failure characterized by the heart cavity being unable to pump all the blood out of itself (congestive)
con - together
gest - bring
ive - pertaining to
coronary thrombosis
KOR-oh-NER-ee throm-BOH-sis
obstruction of a coronary artery by a clot
coron - heart
ary - pertaining to
thromb - clot
osis - condition
endocarditis
EN-doh-kar-DAI-tis
inflammation of the tissue lining the inside of the heart
endo - inside
card - heart
itis - inflammation
myocardial infarction (MI)
MAI-oh-KAR-dee-al in-FARK-shun
death of heart muscle tissue (resulting to blocked blood vessel)
myo - muscle
cardi - heart
al - pertaining to
in - in
farc - stuff
tion - condition
myocardial ischemia
MAI-oh-KAR-dee-al is-KEE-mee-ah
blockage of blood to the heart muscle
myo - muscle
cardi - heart
al - pertianing to
isch - hold back
emia - blood condition
myocarditis
MAI-oh-kar-DAI-tis
inflammation of the heart muscle
pericardial effusion
PER-ee-KAR-dee-al ee-FYOO-zhun
fluid pouring out into the tissue around the heart
peri - around
cardi - heart
al - pertaining to
ef - out
fusion - pour
pericarditis
PER-ee-kar-DAI-tis
inflammation of the tissue around the heart
valvulitis
VAL-vyoo-LAI-tis
inflammation of a heart valve
valvul - valve
itis - inflammation
ventricular septal defect (VSD)
ven-TRIK-yoo-lar SEP-tal
flaw in the septum that divides the two ventricles of the heart
ventricul - ventricle
ar - pertaining to
sept - septum
al - pertaining to
de - bad
fect - made
aneurysm
AN-yoo-rizm
bulge in a blood vessel
an - up
eury - wide
sm - condition
angioedema
AN-jee-oh-eh-DEE-mah
swelling of the blood vessels
angio - vessel
edema - swelling
angioma
AN-jee-OH-ma
blood vessel tumor
angi - vessel
oma - tumor
aortic aneurysm
ay-OR-tik AN-yir-IZ-um
bulging or swelling of the aorta
aort - aorta
ic - pertaining to
an - up
eury - wide
sm - condition
aortic regurgitation
ay-OR-tik ree-GIR-jih-TAY-shun
flow of the blood backward from the aorta into the heart, caused by a weak heart valve
aort - aorta
ic - pertiaining to
re - back
gurgit - bubble
ation - condition
aortitis
ay-or-TAIT-is
inflammation of the aorta
arteriopathy
ar-TER-ee-AWP-ah-thee
disease of the arteries
arteritis
ART-er-RAIT-is
inflammation of the arteries
deep vein thrombosis
formation of a blood clot in a vein deep in the body, most commonly the leg
hypertension
high blood pressure
hyper - over
tens - stretch
ion - condition
hypotension
low blood pressure
hypo - under
tens - stretch
ion - condition
normotension
NOR-moh-TEN-shun
normal blood pressure
normo - normal
tens - stretch
ion - condition
phlebitis
fleh-BAIT-is
inflammation of the veins
phlebostenosis
FLEB-oh-steh-NOH-sis
narrowing of the veins
phlebo - veins
sten - narrow
osis - condition
thrombophlebitis
THROM-boh-fleh-BAI-tis
inflammatin of vein caused by a clot
thrombo - clot
phleb - vein
itis - inflammation
vasculitis
VAS-kyoo-LAI-tis
inflammation of blood vessels
vascul - vessek
itis - inflammation
antianginal
ANT-ee-AN-jin-al
drug that prevents or relives the symptoms of angina pectoris
anti - against
angin - angina (choke)
al - agent
antiarrhythmic
ANT-ee-ah-RITH-mik
drug that opposes an irregular heartbeat
anti - against
a - no
rhythm
ic - agent
anticoagulant
ANT-ih-koh-AG-yoo-lant
drug that opposes the coagulation of the blood
anti - against
coagul - coagulation
ant - agent
antihypertensive
ANT-ih-HAI-per-TEN-siv
drug that opposes high blood pressure
cardiotonic
KAR-dee-oh-TAWN-ik
drug that increases the strength of the heart contractions
cardio - heart
ton - tone
ic - agent
thrombolytic
THROM-boh-LIT-ik
drug that breaks down clots
thrombo - clot
lyt - loose
ic - agent
vasoconstrictor
VAH-soh-kon-STRIK-tor
drug that constricts or narrows the diameter of a blood vessel
vaso - vessel
constrict - narrowing
or - agent
vasodilator
VAH-soh-dai-LAYT-or
drug that causes the relaxation or expansion of a blood vessel
vasopressor
VAH-so-PRES-or
drug that constricts or narrows the diameter of a blood vessel
vaso - vessel
press
or - agent
cardiomyotomy
KAR-dee-oh-mai-AWT-oh-mee
incision into the heart muscle
cardio - heart
myo - muscle
tomy - incision
cardiopulmonary bypass
KAR-dee-oh-PUL-moh-ner-ee PAI-pas
procedure that temporarily circulates and pxygenates a patient’s blood during the portion of heart surgery where the heart is stopped
cardio - heart
pulmon - lung
ary - pertaining to
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
basic life support
cardiothoracic surgery
surgery that involves cutting through the patient’s chest to get to the heart
cardioversion
KAR-dee-oh-VER-zhun
returning a heart to normal rhythm
coronary arterectomy
KOR-oh-NER-ee ART-e-REK-toh-mee
surgical removal of a coronary artery
coron - heart
ary - pertaining to
arter - artery
ectomy - removal
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
KOR-oh-NER-ee AR-ter-ee BAI-pass GRAFT
borrowed piece of blood vessel used to bypass a blocked artery in the heart
coronary artery bypass surgery
surgery to pass a blocked artery in the heart
percutaneous coronary intervention
PER-kyoo-TAY-nee-us
alternation treatment for a coronary artery that passes instruments up a patient’s blood vessels into the heart
per - thorugh
cutane - skin
out - pertinaing to
coron - heart
ary - pertaining to
pericardiocentesis
PER-ee-KAR-dee-oh-sis-TEE-sis
puncture of the tisue around the heart
peri - around
cardio - heart
centesis - puncture
pericardiotomy
PER-ee-KAR-dee-AWT-oh-mee
incision into the tissue around the heart
peri - around
carido - heart
tomy - incision
valvectomy
val-VEK-toh-mee
surgical removal of a heart valve
valv - valve
ectomy - removal
valvotomy
val-VAWT-oh-mee
incision into a heart valve
valvo - valve
tomy - incision
valvuloplasty
VAL-vyoo-loh-PLAS-tee
surgical reconstruction of a heart valve
valvulo - valve
plasty - reconstruction
ventriculotomy
ven-TRIK-yoo-LAWT-oh-mee
incision into a ventricle
ventriculo - ventricle
tomy - incision
anastomosis
ah-NAS-toh-moh-sis
creation of an opening between two normally separate structures
ana - up
stom - mouth
osis - condition
aneurysmectomy
AN-yoo-riz-MEK-toh-mee
surgical removal of an aneurysm
angioplasty
AN-jee-oh-PLAS-tee
surgical reconstruction of a vessel
angiorrhaphy
AN-jee-OR-ah-fee
suture of a vessel
angio - vessel
rraphy - suture
aortorraphy
AY-OR-TOR-ah-fee
suture of the aorta
aorto - aorta
rrhaphy - suture
aortotomy
AY-OR-TAWT-oh-mee
incision into the aorta
arteriectomy
ar-TEE_ee-EK-toh-mee
surgical removal of an artery
arteri - artery
ectomy - removal
arterioplasty
ar-TER-ee-oh-PLAS-tee
surgical reconstruction of an artery
arteriorrhaphy
ar-TER-ee-OR-ah-fee
suture of an artery
arterio - artery
rrhaphy - suture
atherectomy
ATH-er-EK-toh-mee
surgical removal of fatty plaque within an artery
ather - fatty plaque
ectomy - removal
embolectomy
EM-boh-LEK-toh-mee
surigcal removal of an embolus
endarterectomy
END-ar-ter-EK-toh-mee
surgical removal of the inside of an artery
end - inside
arter - artery
ectomy - removal
phlebectomy
fleb-EK-toh-mee
surgical removal of a vein
phlebophlebostomy
FLEB-oh-fleh-BAWS-toh-mee
procedure to create an opening between two veins
phlebo - veins
stomy - opening
varicotomy
VAR-ih-KAWT-oh-mee
surgical removal of a varicose vein
venectomy
vee-NEK-toh-mee
surgical removal of a vein
AAA
abdominal aortic aneurysm
A-fub
atrial fibrillation
ASD
atrial septal defect
BP
blood pressure
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft
CAD
coronary artery disease
CHF
congestive heart failure
CO
cardiac output
CTA
computed tomographic angiography
DVT
deep vein thrombosis
ECHO
echocardiogram
EKG
electrocardiogram
HTN
hypertension
MI
myocardial infarction
MRA
magnetic resonance angiography
MVP
mitral valve prolapse
NSR
normal sinus rhythm
PCI
percutaneous coronary intervention
SCA
sudden cardiac arrest
SV
stroke volume
TEE
transesophageal echocardiogram
VSD
ventricular septal defect
coronary artery
vessel supplying oxygenated blood to the heart muscle
