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Medical Terminology > Chapter 9: The Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 9: The Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

atria

A

the receiving rooms of the heart

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2
Q

ventricles

A

the sending rooms of the heart

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3
Q

valve

A

valvul/o

Ex: valvulotomy, valvulitis

The heart has four valves: two atrioventricular valves and two valves between the ventricles and arteries. The purpose of the heart valve is to prevent blood from flowing backward

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4
Q

mitral valve

A

connects the left atrium and ventricle

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5
Q

aortic valve

A

connects the left ventricle to the outgoing blood vessel, the aorta

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6
Q

arteries

A

outgoing blood vessels

when the heart compresses, the ventricles force the blood out into the arteries

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7
Q

atrium (upper chamber)

A

atri/o

Ex: atrium, atrial fibrillation

Atrium is the upper portion of each side of the heart

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8
Q

septum (plural: septa)

A

sept/o

Ex: atrial septal defect, septoplasty

Septum can refer to any wall separating two cavities

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9
Q

ventricle (lower chamber)

A

ventricul/o

Ex: ventriculotomy

ventricle is the lower portion of each side of the heart

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10
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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11
Q

aorta

A

main outgoing vessel

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12
Q

capillaries

A

tiny blood vessels

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13
Q

coron/o

A

heart

Ex: coronary artery, coronary thrombosis

specifically the heart’s blood supply

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14
Q

vessel

A

angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o

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15
Q

pulmonary artery

A

carries blood to the lungs to attain oxygen and discard carbon dioxide

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16
Q

aorta

A

aort/o

aorta is the main artery leaving the heart and distributing oxygenated blood throughout the body, it branches off into arteries that supply the upper body

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17
Q

artery

A

arteri/o

arteries are the large blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from heart to body tissue

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18
Q

fatty plaque

A

ather/o

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19
Q

vein

A

phleb/o, ven/o

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20
Q

angina pectoris
an-JAI-nah-PEK-tor-is

A

oppressive pain in the chest caused by irregular blood flow to the heart

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21
Q

arrhythmia
ah-RITH-mee-ah

A

irregular heartbeat

a - no
rrhythm - rhythm
ia - condition

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22
Q

dysrhythmia
dis-RITH-mee-ah

A

irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia is more common)

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23
Q

palpitation
PAL-pih-TAY-shun

A

rapid or irregular beating of the heart

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24
Q

pectoralgia
PEK-tor-RAL-jee-ah

A

chest pain, most common heart problem

pector - chest
algia - pain

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25
Q

aortalgia
AY-or-TAL-jah

A

pain in the aorta

aort- aorta
algia - pain

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26
Q

diaphoresis
DAI-ah-foh-REE-sis

A

profuse sweating

dia - through
phoresis - carry

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27
Q

hemorrhage
HEM-oh-RIJ

A

loss of blood

hemo - blood
rrhage - burst forth

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28
Q

phlebalgia
fleh-BAL-jee-ah

A

pain in a vein

phleb - vein
algia - pain

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29
Q

endocardium
EN-doh-KARD-ee-um

A

tissue lining the inside of the heart

endo - inside
card - heart
ium - tissue

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30
Q

epicardium
EP-ih-KARD-ee-um

A

tissue lining the outside of the heart

epi - upon
card - heart
ium - tissue

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31
Q

myocardium
MAI-oh-KARD-ee-um

A

heart muscle tissue

myo - muscle
card - heart
ium - tissue

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32
Q

pericardium

PER-ih-KARD-ee-um

A

tissue around the heart

peri - around
card - heart
ium - tissue

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33
Q

bradycardia
BRAYD-ih-KARD-ee-ah

A

slow heartbeat

brady - slow
card - heart
ia - condition

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34
Q

cardiomegaly
KAR-dee-oh-MEG-ah-lee

A

enlarged heart

cardio-heart
megaly - enlarged

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35
Q

cyanosis
SAI-ah-NOH-sis

A

bluish appearance to the skin - a sign that the tissue isn’t receiving enough oxygen (urgent)

cyan - blue
osis - condition

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36
Q

murmer
MUR-mur

A

abnormal heart sound

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37
Q

tachycardia
TAK-ih-KARD-ee-ah

A

rapid heartbeat

tachy - fast
card - heart
ia - condition

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38
Q

vena cava
VEE-nah CAY-vah

A

large-diameter vein that gathers blood from the body and returns it to the heart

vena - vein
cava - hollow

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39
Q

inferior vena cava
VEE-nah CAY-vah

A

portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from the lower portion of the body

inferior - lower
vena - vein
cava - hollow

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40
Q

superior vena cava
VEE-nah CAY-vah

A

portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from the upper portion of the body (head and arms)

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41
Q

angiogensis
AN-jee-oh-JIN-eh-sis

A

development of blood vessels

angio - vessel
genesis - creation

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42
Q

angiolith
AN-jee-oh-LITh

A

stone forming in the wall of a blood vessel

angio - vessel
lith - stone

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43
Q

angiopoiesis
AN-jee-oh-poy-EE-sis

A

formation of blood vessels

angio - vessel
poiesis - formation

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44
Q

angiosclerosis
AN-jee-oh-skleh-ROH-sis

A

hardening of a blood vessel

angio - vessel
scler - hard
osis - condition

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45
Q

aortectasia
AY-ort-ek-TAY-zhah

A

dilation of the aorta

aort - aorta
ectasia - dilation

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46
Q

aortic stenosis
ay-OR-tik steh-NOH-sis

A

narrowing of the aorta

aorti - aorta
tic - pertaining to
sten - narrow
osis - condition

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47
Q

aortolith
AY-OR-toh-LITH

A

stone deposit in the wall of the aorta

aort - aorta
lith - stone

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48
Q

arteriolith
ar-TER-ee-oh-LITH

A

stone in the artery

arterio - artery
lith - stone

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49
Q

arteriorrhexis
ar-TER-ee-oh-REK-sis

A

rupture of an artery

arterio - artery
rrhexis - rupture

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50
Q

arteriosclerosis
ar-TER-ee-oh-skleh-ROH-sis

A

hardening of an artery

arterio - artery
scler - hard
osis - condition

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51
Q

atherogensis
ATH-eh-roh-JEN-eh-sis

A

formation of fatty plaque on the wall of an artery

athero - fatty plaque
genesis - creation

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52
Q

atherosclerosis
ATH-eh-ROH-skleh-ROH_sis

A

hardening of an artery due to buildup of fatty plaque

athero - fatty plaque
scler - hard
osis - condition

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53
Q

embolism
EM-boh-lizm

A

blockage in a blood vessel caused by an embolus

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54
Q

embolus
EM-boh-lus

A

mass of matter present in the blood

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55
Q

ischemia
is-KEE-mee-ah

A

blocked of blood flow to an organ

isch - hold back
emia - blood condition

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56
Q

occlusion
oh-KLOO-zhun

A

closing or blockage of a passage

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57
Q

phlebosclerosis
FLEH-boh-skleh-ROH-sis

A

hardening of a vein

phlebo - vein
scler - hard
osis - condition

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58
Q

thrombus
THROM-bus

A

blood clot

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59
Q

varicose veins
VAR-ih-kohs

A

an enlarged, dilated vein toward the surface of the skin

varicose - swollen

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60
Q

vasospasm
VAH-so-spazm

A

involuntary contraction of a blood vessel

veno - vein
spasm - involuntary contraction

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61
Q

venostasis
VEE-noh-STAY-sis

A

trapping of blood in an extremity due to compression

veno - vein
stasis - standing

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62
Q

angiogram
AN-jee-oh-GRAM

A

record of the blood vessels

angio-vessel
gram-record

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63
Q

angiography
AN-jee-AWG-rah-fee

A

procedure to describe the blood vessels

angio - vessel
graphy - writing procedure

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64
Q

aortograpm
ay-OR-toh-GRAM

A

record of the aorta

aorto - aorta
gram - record

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65
Q

arteriogram
ar-TER-ee-oh-GRAM

A

record of an artery

arterio - artery
gram - record

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66
Q

venogram
VEE-noh-gram

A

record of a vein

veno - vein
gram - record

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67
Q

angioscope
AN-jee-oh-SKOWP

A

device for looking into a blood vessel

angio - vessel
scope - device for looking

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68
Q

cardiac catheterization
KAR-dee-ak KATH-et-er-ih-ZAY-shun

A

process of inserting a tube (catheter) into the heart

by passing a tube through the arteries, doctors are able to diagnose and treat heart problems without performing major surgery

cardi - heart
ac - pertaining to
catheter
ization - procedure

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69
Q

echocardiogram
Ek-oh-KAR-dee-oh-GRAM

A

image of the heart produced using sound waves; the same procedure as an ultrasound performed on pregnant women, but instead it is performed on the heart

echo - echo
cardio - heart
gram - record

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70
Q

echocardiography
EK-oh-KAR-dee-AWG-rah-fee

A

use of sound waves to produce an image of the heart; the same procedure as an ultrasound performed on pregnant women, but instead it is performed on the heart

echo - echo
cardio - heart
graphy - procedure

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71
Q

electrocardiogram
eh-LEK-troh-KAR-dee-oh-GRAM

A

record of the electrical currents of the heart

electro - electricity
cardio - heart
gram - record

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72
Q

electrocardiography
eh-LEK-troh-KAR-dee-AWG-rah-fee

A

procedure for recording the electrical currents of the heart

electro - electricity
cardio - heart
graphy - writing procedure

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73
Q

sonography
saw-NAWG-rah-fee

A

use of sound waves to produce diagnostic images; also called ultrasound

sono - sound
graphy - writing procedure

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74
Q

stress electrocardiogram
STRES - eh-LEK-troh-KAR-dee-oh-GRAM

A

records electrical signals of the heart while the patient experiences increases of exercise stress

stress
electro - electricity
cardio - heart
gram - record

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75
Q

transesophageal echocardiogram
TRANZ-eh-SOF-ah-JEE-al EK-oh-KAR-dee-oh-GRAM

A

record of the heart using sound waves performed by inserting and transducer into the esophagus

trans - through
esophag - esophagus
eal - pertaining to

echo - electricity
cardio - heart
gram - record

76
Q

vascular endoscopy
VAS-kyoo-lar en-DAWS-koh-pee

A

procedure to look inside a blood vessel

vascul - vessel
ar - pertaining to
endo - inside
scopy - looking procedure

77
Q

blood pressure

A

the force exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels

78
Q

diastolic pressure
DAI-ah-STAWL-ik PRESH-ur

A

pressure exerted on blood vessels when heart is relaxed

dia - thorugh
stol - send
ic - pertaining to

79
Q

systolic pressure
sis-TAWK-ik

A

pressure exerted on blood vessels when heart is contracting

sys - together
stol - send
ic - pertaining to

80
Q

circulation
SIR-kyoo-LAY-shun

A

moving of blood from the heart through the vessels and back to the heart

81
Q

coronary circulation
KOR-oh-NER-ee

A

circulation of blood from the heart to the heart muscle (the heart always feeds itself first)

82
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

circulation of blood from the heart to the lungs (to oxygenate it)

pulmon - lung
ary - pertaining to

83
Q

systemic circulation

A

circulation of blood from the heart to the rest of the body

sys - together
stem - stand
ic - pertaining to

84
Q

phlebotomy
fleh-BAWT-oh-mee

A

incision into a vein- the technical term of drawing blood

phlebo - vein
tomy - incision

85
Q

cardiotoxic
KAR-dee-oh-TOK-sik

A

poisonous to the heart

cardio - heart
toxic - poison

86
Q

angiocarditis
AN-jee-oh-kar-DAI-tis

A

inflammation of the heart vessels

angio-vessel
card - heart
itis - inflammation

87
Q

atrial fibrillation
AY-tree-al FIB-rih-LAY-shun

A

quivering or spontaneous contraction of muscle fibers in the heart’s atrium

atri - atrium
al - pertaining to
fibrill - little fibers
ation - process

88
Q

atrial septal defect (ASD)
AY-tree-al SEP-al DEE-fekt

A

flaw in the septum that divides the two artia of the heart

atria - atrium
al - pertaining to
sept - septum
al - pertaining to
de - bad
fect - made

89
Q

cardiac arrest

A

cessation of functional circulation

90
Q

cardiomyopathy
KAR-dee-oh-mai-AWP-ah-thee

A

disease of the heart muscle

cardio - heart
myo - muscle
pathy - disease

91
Q

congestive cardiomyopathy
con-JES-tiv KAR-dee-oh-mai-AWP-ah-thee

A

heart cavity is unable to pump all the blood out of itself (congestive) and becomes stretched (dilated), which causes weak/slow pumping of blood

con - together
gestive - bring

92
Q

dilated cardiomyopathy
DAI-lay-ted KAR-dee-oh-mai-AWP-ah-thee

A

another term for congestive cardiomyopathy

dilated - expanded
cardio - heart
myo - muscle
pathy - disease

93
Q

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
HAI-per-TROH-fik KAR-dee-oh-mai-AWP-ah-thee

A

heart muscle becomes enlarged and blocks blood flow

hyper - over
troph - developed
ic - pertaining to

94
Q

restrictive cardiomyopathy
KAR-dee-oh-mai-AWP-ah-thee

A

heart muscle hardens, restricting the expansion of the heart, thus limiting the amount of blood it can pump to the rest of the body

re - back
strict - tied
ic - pertaining to

95
Q

carditis
kar-DAI-tis

A

inflammation of the heart

card - heart
itis - inflammation

96
Q

congenital heart defect
con-JEN-ih-tal

A

flaw in the structure of the heart present at birth

con - together
genit - birth
al - pertaining to

97
Q

congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

heart failure characterized by the heart cavity being unable to pump all the blood out of itself (congestive)

con - together
gest - bring
ive - pertaining to

98
Q

coronary thrombosis
KOR-oh-NER-ee throm-BOH-sis

A

obstruction of a coronary artery by a clot

coron - heart
ary - pertaining to
thromb - clot
osis - condition

99
Q

endocarditis
EN-doh-kar-DAI-tis

A

inflammation of the tissue lining the inside of the heart

endo - inside
card - heart
itis - inflammation

100
Q

myocardial infarction (MI)
MAI-oh-KAR-dee-al in-FARK-shun

A

death of heart muscle tissue (resulting to blocked blood vessel)

myo - muscle
cardi - heart
al - pertaining to
in - in
farc - stuff
tion - condition

101
Q

myocardial ischemia
MAI-oh-KAR-dee-al is-KEE-mee-ah

A

blockage of blood to the heart muscle

myo - muscle
cardi - heart
al - pertianing to
isch - hold back
emia - blood condition

102
Q

myocarditis
MAI-oh-kar-DAI-tis

A

inflammation of the heart muscle

103
Q

pericardial effusion
PER-ee-KAR-dee-al ee-FYOO-zhun

A

fluid pouring out into the tissue around the heart

peri - around
cardi - heart
al - pertaining to
ef - out
fusion - pour

104
Q

pericarditis
PER-ee-kar-DAI-tis

A

inflammation of the tissue around the heart

105
Q

valvulitis
VAL-vyoo-LAI-tis

A

inflammation of a heart valve

valvul - valve
itis - inflammation

106
Q

ventricular septal defect (VSD)
ven-TRIK-yoo-lar SEP-tal

A

flaw in the septum that divides the two ventricles of the heart

ventricul - ventricle
ar - pertaining to
sept - septum
al - pertaining to
de - bad
fect - made

107
Q

aneurysm
AN-yoo-rizm

A

bulge in a blood vessel

an - up
eury - wide
sm - condition

108
Q

angioedema
AN-jee-oh-eh-DEE-mah

A

swelling of the blood vessels

angio - vessel
edema - swelling

109
Q

angioma
AN-jee-OH-ma

A

blood vessel tumor

angi - vessel
oma - tumor

110
Q

aortic aneurysm
ay-OR-tik AN-yir-IZ-um

A

bulging or swelling of the aorta

aort - aorta
ic - pertaining to
an - up
eury - wide
sm - condition

111
Q

aortic regurgitation
ay-OR-tik ree-GIR-jih-TAY-shun

A

flow of the blood backward from the aorta into the heart, caused by a weak heart valve

aort - aorta
ic - pertiaining to
re - back
gurgit - bubble
ation - condition

112
Q

aortitis
ay-or-TAIT-is

A

inflammation of the aorta

113
Q

arteriopathy
ar-TER-ee-AWP-ah-thee

A

disease of the arteries

114
Q

arteritis
ART-er-RAIT-is

A

inflammation of the arteries

115
Q

deep vein thrombosis

A

formation of a blood clot in a vein deep in the body, most commonly the leg

116
Q

hypertension

A

high blood pressure

hyper - over
tens - stretch
ion - condition

117
Q

hypertension

A

low blood pressure

hypo - under
tens - stretch
ion - condition

118
Q

normotension
NOR-moh-TEN-shun

A

normal blood pressure

normo - normal
tens - stretch
ion - condition

119
Q

phlebitis
fleh-BAIT-is

A

inflammation of the veins

120
Q

phlebostenosis
FLEB-oh-steh-NOH-sis

A

narrowing of the veins

phlebo - veins
sten - narrow
osis - condition

121
Q

thrombophlebitis
THROM-boh-fleh-BAI-tis

A

inflammatin of vein caused by a clot

thrombo - clot
phleb - vein
itis - inflammation

122
Q

vasculitis
VAS-kyoo-LAI-tis

A

inflammation of blood vessels

vascul - vessek
itis - inflammation

123
Q

antianginal
ANT-ee-AN-jin-al

A

drug that prevents or relives the symptoms of angina pectoris

anti - against
angin - angina (choke)
al - agent

124
Q

antiarrhythmic
ANT-ee-ah-RITH-mik

A

drug that opposes an irregular heartbeat

anti - against
a - no
rhythm
ic - agent

125
Q

anticoagulant
ANT-ih-koh-AG-yoo-lant

A

drug that opposes the coagulation of the blood

anti - against
coagul - coagulation
ant - agent

126
Q

antihypertensive
ANT-ih-HAI-per-TEN-siv

A

drug that opposes high blood pressure

127
Q

cardiotonic
KAR-dee-oh-TAWN-ik

A

drug that increases the strength of the heart contractions

cardio - heart
ton - tone
ic - agent

128
Q

thrombolytic
THROM-boh-LIT-ik

A

drug that breaks down clots

thrombo - clot
lyt - loose
ic - agent

129
Q

vasoconstrictor
VAH-soh-kon-STRIK-tor

A

drug that constricts or narrows the diameter of a blood vessel

vaso - vessel
constrict - narrowing
or - agent

130
Q

vasodilator
VAH-soh-dai-LAYT-or

A

drug that causes the relaxation or expansion of a blood vessel

131
Q

vasopressor
VAH-so-PRES-or

A

drug that constricts or narrows the diameter of a blood vessel

vaso - vessel
press
or - agent

132
Q

cardiomyotomy
KAR-dee-oh-mai-AWT-oh-mee

A

incision into the heart muscle

cardio - heart
myo - muscle
tomy - incision

133
Q

cardiopulmonary bypass
KAR-dee-oh-PUL-moh-ner-ee PAI-pas

A

procedure that temporarily circulates and pxygenates a patient’s blood during the portion of heart surgery where the heart is stopped

cardio - heart
pulmon - lung
ary - pertaining to

134
Q

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A

basic life support

135
Q

cardiothoracic surgery

A

surgery that involves cutting through the patient’s chest to get to the heart

136
Q

cardioversion
KAR-dee-oh-VER-zhun

A

returning a heart to normal rhythm

137
Q

coronary arterectomy
KOR-oh-NER-ee ART-e-REK-toh-mee

A

surgical removal of a coronary artery

coron - heart
ary - pertaining to
arter - artery
ectomy - removal

138
Q

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
KOR-oh-NER-ee AR-ter-ee BAI-pass GRAFT

A

borrowed piece of blood vessel used to bypass a blocked artery in the heart

139
Q

coronary artery bypass surgery

A

surgery to pass a blocked artery in the heart

140
Q

percutaneous coronary intervention
PER-kyoo-TAY-nee-us

A

alternation treatment for a coronary artery that passes instruments up a patient’s blood vessels into the heart

per - thorugh
cutane - skin
out - pertinaing to
coron - heart
ary - pertaining to

141
Q

pericardiocentesis
PER-ee-KAR-dee-oh-sis-TEE-sis

A

puncture of the tisue around the heart

peri - around
cardio - heart
centesis - puncture

142
Q

pericardiotomy
PER-ee-KAR-dee-AWT-oh-mee

A

incision into the tissue around the heart

peri - around
carido - heart
tomy - incision

143
Q

valvectomy
val-VEK-toh-mee

A

surgical removal of a heart valve

valv - valve
ectomy - removal

144
Q

valvotomy
val-VAWT-oh-mee

A

incision into a heart valve

valvo - valve
tomy - incision

145
Q

valvuloplasty
VAL-vyoo-loh-PLAS-tee

A

surgical reconstruction of a heart valve

valvulo - valve
plasty - reconstruction

146
Q

ventriculotomy
ven-TRIK-yoo-LAWT-oh-mee

A

incision into a ventricle

ventriculo - ventricle
tomy - incision

147
Q

anastomosis
ah-NAS-toh-moh-sis

A

creation of an opening between two normally separate structures

ana - up
stom - mouth
osis - condition

148
Q

aneurysmectomy
AN-yoo-riz-MEK-toh-mee

A

surgical removal of an aneurysm

149
Q

angioplasty
AN-jee-oh-PLAS-tee

A

surgical reconstruction of a vessel

150
Q

angiorrhaphy
AN-jee-OR-ah-fee

A

suture of a vessel

angio - vessel
rraphy - suture

151
Q

aortorraphy
AY-OR-TOR-ah-fee

A

suture of the aorta

aorto - aorta
rrhaphy - suture

152
Q

aortotomy
AY-OR-TAWT-oh-mee

A

incision into the aorta

153
Q

arteriectomy
ar-TEE_ee-EK-toh-mee

A

surgical removal of an artery

arteri - artery
ectomy - removal

154
Q

arterioplasty
ar-TER-ee-oh-PLAS-tee

A

surgical reconstruction of an artery

155
Q

arteriorrhaphy
ar-TER-ee-OR-ah-fee

A

suture of an artery

arterio - artery
rrhaphy - suture

156
Q

atherectomy
ATH-er-EK-toh-mee

A

surgical removal of fatty plaque within an artery

ather - fatty plaque
ectomy - removal

157
Q

embolectomy
EM-boh-LEK-toh-mee

A

surigcal removal of an embolus

158
Q

endarterectomy
END-ar-ter-EK-toh-mee

A

surgical removal of the inside of an artery

end - inside
arter - artery
ectomy - removal

159
Q

phlebectomy
fleb-EK-toh-mee

A

surgical removal of a vein

160
Q

phlebophlebostomy
FLEB-oh-fleh-BAWS-toh-mee

A

procedure to create an opening between two veins

phlebo - veins
stomy - opening

161
Q

varicotomy
VAR-ih-KAWT-oh-mee

A

surgical removal of a varicose vein

162
Q

venectomy
vee-NEK-toh-mee

A

surgical removal of a vein

163
Q

AAA

A

abdominal aortic aneurysm

164
Q

A-fub

A

atrial fibrillation

165
Q

ASD

A

atrial septal defect

166
Q

BP

A

blood pressure

167
Q

CABG

A

coronary artery bypass graft

168
Q

CAD

A

coronary artery disease

169
Q

CHF

A

congestive heart failure

170
Q

CO

A

cardiac output

171
Q

CTA

A

computed tomographic angiography

172
Q

DVT

A

deep vein thrombosis

173
Q

ECHO

A

echocardiogram

174
Q

EKG

A

electrocardiogram

175
Q

HTN

A

hypertension

176
Q

MI

A

myocardial infarction

177
Q

MRA

A

magnetic resonance angiography

178
Q

MVP

A

mitral valve prolapse

179
Q

NSR

A

normal sinus rhythm

180
Q

PCI

A

percutaneous coronary intervention

181
Q

SCA

A

sudden cardiac arrest

182
Q

SV

A

stroke volume

183
Q

TEE

A

transesophageal echocardiogram

184
Q

VSD

A

ventricular septal defect

185
Q

coronary artery

A

vessel supplying oxygenated blood to the heart muscle

Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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