Chapter 12: Urinary and Male Reproductive System Flashcards
1
Q
glomerulus (plural: glomeruli)
A
glomerul/o
“little ball”
the little balls of blood vessels inside the kidney, primary place for filtering blood to form urine
2
Q
kidney
A
nephr/o, ren/o
filtering the blood
3
Q
renal pelvis
A
pyel/o
“pelvis”
series of tubes that funnel urine out of the kidneys and into the ureters an don to the bladders
4
Q
urine
A
ur/o, urin/o
healthy urine is sterile and contains ammonia molecules
5
Q
stone
A
lith/o
kidney stones are accumulations of mineral salts and calcium
6
Q
bladder
A
cyst/o, vesic/o
7
Q
urethra
A
urethr/o
tube that runs from the bladder to the outside world (have 1)
male urethra is longer, why kidney stones are more painful for men
8
Q
ureter
A
ureter/o
thick-walled tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder (have 2)
9
Q
opening
A
meat/o
“to go through”/permeate
nasal meatuses, aural meatuses, and urethral meatuses
10
Q
male reproductive system
A
testicles, the epididymis, the seminiferous tubules, the prostate gland, and the penis
3 categories:
-those that make and store sperm
-those that make special carrier fluid for sperm
-the outer parts
11
Q
penis
A
balan/o
“acorn”
12
Q
epididymis
A
epididym/o
organ that sits on top of each testicle, where sperm cells complete development and are stored
13
Q
testicle
A
orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o, test/o, testicul/o
orchid flower named bc its roots looked like a pair of testicles
14
Q
prostate
A
prostat/o
surrounds the urethra
15
Q
sperm
A
sperm/o, spermat/o, sperm/i
sperm can sit in the epididymis for 2 weeks before being ejaculated
16
Q
anuria
an-YUR-ee-ah
A
lack of urination
an - no
ur - urine
ia - condition
17
Q
cystalgia
sis-TAL-jee-ah
A
pain in the bladder
cyst - bladder
algia - pain
18
Q
cystodynia
SIS-toh-DIN-ee-ah
A
pain in the bladder
cyst - bladder
dynia - pain
19
Q
cystoplegia
SIS-toh-PLEE-jee-ah
A
bladder paralysis
cysto - bladder
plegia - paralysis
20
Q
dysuria
dis-YUR-ee-ah
A
painful urination
(most common symptom of UTI)
dys - bad
ur - urine
ia - condition
21
Q
enuresis
EN-yoo-REE-sis
A
involuntary urination
22
Q
hematuria
HEE-mah-TUR-ee-ah
A
bloody urination
hemat - blood
ur - urine
ia - condition
23
Q
incontinence
in-KONT-in-ens
A
inability to control urination
in - not
con - together
tinence - hold
24
Q
nephralgia
neh-FRAL-jee-ah
A
pain in the kidney
25
nocturia
nok-TUR-ee-ah
nighttime urination
noct - night
ur - urine
ia - condition
26
nocturnal enuresis
EN-yoo-REE-sis
nighttime involuntary urination
27
oliguria
awl-ig-YOO-ree-ah
low urine output
olig - fre
ur - urine
ia - condition
28
polydipsia
PAWL-ee-DIP-see-ah
excessive urination
29
pyuria
pai-YUR-ee-ah
pus in the urine
30
ureteralgia
YOO-reh-ter-AL-jee-ah
pain in the ureter
ureter
algia - pain
31
urethrodynia
yoo-REE-thror-ee-ah
discharge from the urethra
urethro - urethra
rrhea - discharge
32
urocyanosis
YOO-roh-SAI-an-oh-sis
blue urine
uro - urine
cyan - blue
osis - condition
33
urodynia
YOO-roh-DIN-ee-ah
painful urination
uro - urine
dynia - pain
34
balanorrhea
BAL-ah-noh-REE-ah
discharge from the penis
balano - penis
rrhea - discharge
35
orchialgia
OR-kee-AL-jee-ah
testicle pain
36
orchidoptosis
OR-kid-awp-TOH-sis
downward displacement of a testicle
orchido - testicle
ptosis - drooping condition
37
orchidodynia
OR-kee-oh-DIN-ee-ah
testicle pain
orchio - testicle
dynia - pain
38
priapism
PRAI-ah-pizm
persistent and painful erection
39
cystitis
sis-TAIT-is
inflammation of the bladder
40
cystocele
SIS-toh-seel
hernia of the bladder
41
cystolith
SIS-toh-lith
stone in the bladder
42
cystoptosis
sis-TOP-toh-sis
downward displacement of the bladder
43
cystospasm
SIS-toh-spazm
involuntary contraction of the bladder
44
cystoureteritis
SIS-toh-yoo-REE-ter-AI-tis
inflammation of the bladder and ureter
45
cystourethrocele
SIS-toh-yoo-REE-throh-seel
hernia of the bladder and urethra
46
glomerulonephritis
gloh-MER-yoo-loh-neh-FRAIT-is
inflammation of the kidneys involving primarily the glomeruli
47
glomerulopathy
gloh-MER-yoo-LAWP-ah-thee
disease of the kidney involving primarily the glomeruli
48
glomerulosclerosis
gloh-MER-yoo-loh-skleh-ROH-sis
hardening of the glomeruli
49
hydronephrosis
HAI-droh-nef-ROH-sis
kidney condition caused by the obstruction of urine flow
50
lithonephritis
LITH-oh-neh-FRAIT-is
inflammation of the kidneys caused by stones
51
nephritis
neh-FRAIT-is
inflammation of the kidney
52
nephrocele
NEF-roh-seel
hernia of a kidney
53
nephrohypertrophy
NEF-roh-ahi-PER-troh-fee
overdevelopment of the kidney
54
nephrolithiasis
NEF-roh-lih-THAI-ah-sis
presence of stones in the kidney
55
nephromalacia
NEF-roh-mah-LAY-shee-ah
abnormal softening of a kidney
56
nephromegaly
NEF-roh-MEG-ah-lee
abnormal enlargement of a kidney
57
nephropathy
neh-FRAWP-ah-thee
kidney disease
58
nephroptosis
NEF-rawp-TOH-sis
downward displacement of a kidney
59
nephrosclerosis
NEF-roh-skleh-ROH-sis
abnormal hardening of a kidney
60
polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
PAWL-ee-SIS-tik
disease characterized by the formation of many fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys
61
pyelitis
PAI-eh-LAIT-is
inflammation of the renal pelvis
62
pyeloscystitis
PAI-eh-loh-sis-TAI-tis
inflammation of the renal pelvis and bladder
63
pyelcystostomosis
PAI-eh-loh-SIS-toh-stoh-MOH-sis
creation of an opening between the renal pelvis and bladder
64
pyelonephritis
PAI-eh-loh-neh-FRAIT-is
inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis
65
pyelopathy
PAI-eh-LAWP-ath-ee
disease of the renal pelvis
66
pyeloureterectasia
PAI-eh-loh-yoor-eh-ter-ek-TAY-zhah
dilation of the renal pelvis and ureter
67
renal failure
kidney failure
68
renal ischemia
deficiency of blood in the kidney
69
stress urinary incontinence (SUI)
loss of bladder control caused by the application of external pressure (loss of bladder control due to excessive laughing, a hard cough, or similar motion)
70
ureteritis
yoo-REE-ter-AI-tis
inflammation of a ureter
71
ureteropyelitis
yoo-REE-ter-oh-PAI-el_AI-tis
inflmmation of a ureter and renal pelvis
72
urteropyelonephritis
yoo-REE-ter-oh-PAI-el-oh-nef-RAI-tis
inflammation of a kidney, renal pelvis, and ureter
73
urethritis
YOOR-ee-THRAIT-is
inflammation of the urethra
74
urethrocystitis
yoo-REE-throh-sis-TAI-tis
inflammation of the urethra and bladder
75
uropathy
yoo-RAWP-ah-thee
disease of the urinary tract
76
vesicocele
VES-ih-koh-SEEL
hernia of the bladder
77
vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)
VES-ih-koh-yoo-REET-eh-ral
abnormal flow of urine from the bladder back into the ureters
78
balanitis
bal-ah-NAI-tis
inflammation of the penis
79
benign prostrate hyperplasia
noncancerous overdevelopment of the prostate, also known as enlarged prostate
80
benign prostrate hypertrophy
another term for benign prostrate hyperplasia
81
epididymitis
EP-ih-DID-ih-MAIT-is
inflammation of the epididymis
82
epididymo-orchitis
EP-ih-DID-ih-moh-or-KAIT0is
inflammation of the testicles and epididymis
83
orchiditis
OR-kih-DAI-tis
inflammation of the testicles
84
orchioepididymitis
OR-kee-EP-ih-DID-ih-MAI-tis
inflammation of the testicles and epididymis
85
orchiopathy
OR-kee-AWP-ath-ee
disease of the testicles
86
orchitis
or-KAI-tis
inflammation of the testicles
87
prostatitis
PRAWS-tah-TAIT-is
inflammation of the prostate
88
prostatocystitis
PROS-ta-toh-sis-TAI-tis
inflammation of the prostate and bladder
89
prostatovesiculitis
PROS-ta-toh-veh-SIK-yoo-LAI-tis
inflammation of the prostate and seminal vesicles
90
testitis
tes-TAI-tis
inflammation of the testicles
91
varicocele
VAR-ih-koh-SEEL
over expansion of the blood vessels of the testicles, leading to a soft tumor
92
cystoma
sis-TOH-mah
tumor of the bladder
93
hypernephroma
HAI-per-neh-FROH-mah
another name for renal cell carcinoma
94
nephroma
neh-FROH-mah
kidney tumor
95
renal cell carcinoma
cancer of the kidneys
96
seminoma
SEM-ih-NOH-mah
type of testicular cancer arising from sperm-forming tissue
97
testicular carcinoma
testicular cancer
98
chlamydia
klah-MIH-dee-ah
STD characterized by genital discharge and painful urination, caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis
99
gonorrhea
GAWN-oh-REE-ah
a STD characterized by discharge from the gonas, caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae
100
herpes simplex virus (HSV)
a family of highly contagious viruses that affect mucous membranes and produce watery blisters that eventually scab over
HSV-1: cold sores on mouth
HSV-2: affects genital areas
101
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
disease that compromises a patient's immune system, leaving them open to other opportunistic infections; late stage of this disease is referred to as AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)
102
human papilloma virus (HPV)
pap-ih-LOH-ma
a virus that can cause warts and precancerous lesions in genital areas (nearly all cervical cancers are HPV)
103
syphilis
STD characterized at first by skin irritation then later developing into neurological and heart symptoms, caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum
104
trichomoniasis
TRIK-oh-moh-NAI-ah-sis
STD characterized by genital itching, painful urination, and genital discharge, caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis
105
antispasmodic
ANT-ih-spaz-MAWD-ik
drug used to prevent spasms
106
diuretic
DAI-yoo-RET-ik
agent that causes urination
107
spermicide
SPER-mih-SAID
agent that kills sperm
108
spermolytic
SPER-moh-LIT-ik
agent that kills sperm
109
nephrotoxin
NEF-roh-TOK-sin
agent poisonous to the kidney
110
cystectomy
sis-TEK-toh-mee
surgical removal of the bladder
111
cystolithectomy
sis-toh-lih-THEK-toh-mee
surgical removal of a stone in the bladder
112
cystostomy
sis-TAWS-toh-mee
creation of an opening in the bladder
113
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
EKS-trah-kor-POR-ee-al
LITH-oh-TRIP-see
breakdown of kidney stones using sound waves generated outside the body
114
fulguration
FUL-gyoo-RAY-shun
use of electric current to destroy tissue
115
heminephrectomy
HEM-ee-neh-FREK-toh-mee
surgical removal of half a kidney
116
heminephroureterectomy
HEM-ee-NEF-roh-yoo-REE-ter-EK-toh-mee
surgical removal of half a kidney and a ureter
117
hemodialysis
HEE-moh-dai-AL-ih-sis
procedure for removing waste from the bloodstream
118
intracorporeal lithotripsy
IN-trah-cor-POR-ee-al LITH-oh-TRIP-see
breakdown of kidney strones using a device placed inside the body
119
kidney dialysis
procedure for removing waste from the blood (shorter name for hemodialysis)
120
laparonephrectomy
LAP-ar-oh-neh-FREK-toh-mee
surgical removal of a kidney through the abdomen
121
lithectomy
lith-EK-toh-mee
surgical removal of a stone
122
lithocystotomy
LITH-oh-SIS-TAWT-oh-mee
incision into the bladder to remove a stone
123
lithonephrotomy
LITH-oh-neh-FRAWT-oh-mee
incision into a kidney to remove a stone
124
lithotripsy
LITH-oh-TRIP-see
breakdown of a stone
125
meatoplasty
mee-AT-oh-PLAS-tee
surgical reconstruction of the opening of the urethra
126
meatorrhaphy
mee-ah-TOR-ah-fee
suture of the opening of the urethra
127
meatotomy
MEE-ah-TAWT-oh-mee
incision into the opening of the urethra
128
nephrectomy
neh-FREK-toh-mee
surgical removal of a kidney through the abdomen
129
nephrocystanastomosis
NEF-roh-SIST-ah-NAS-tah-MOH-sis
opening of a passageway between a kidney and the bladder
130
nephrolithotomy
NEF-roh-lith-AWT-oh-mee
incision into a kidney to remove a stone
131
nephropexy
NEF-roh-peks-ee
surgical fixation of a kidney
132
nephrorrhaphy
NEF-ror-ah-fee
suture of a kidney
133
nephrostomy
neh-FRAWS-toh-mee
creation of an opening in a kidney
134
nephrotomy
neh-FRAWT-oh-mee
incision into a kidney
135
nephroureterectomy
NEF-roh-yoo-REE-ter-EK-toh-mee
surgical removal of a kidney and ureter
136
pyelolithotomy
PAI-eh-loh-LITH-AWT-oh-mee
incision into a renal pelvis to remove a stone
137
pyeloplasty
PAI-eh-loh-PLAS-tee
surgical reconstruction of a renal pelvis
138
pyelostomy
PAI-eh-LAWS-toh-mee
creation of an opening in a renal pelvis
139
pyelotomy
PAI-eh-LAWT-oh-mee
incision into a renal pelvis
140
renal angioplasty
AN-jee-oh-PLAS-tee
surgical reconstruction of a kidney blood vessel
141
ureteroileostomy
yoo-REE-ter-oh-IL-ee-AWS-toh-mee
creation of an opening between a ureter and the ileum (a portion of the small intestine)
142
ureteronephrectomy
yoo-REE-ter-oh-neh-FREK-toh-mee
surgical removal of a kidney and ureter
143
ureteroplasty
yoo-REE-ter-oh-PLAS-tee
surgical reconstruction of a ureter
144
ureterorrhaphy
yoo-REE-ter-OR-rah-fee
suture of a ureter
145
urethrectomy
YOOR-ee-THREK-toh-mee
surgical removal of the urethra
146
urethropexy
yoo-REE-throh-PEKS-ee
surgical fixation of the urethra
147
urethroplasty
yoo-REE-throh-PLAS-tee
surgical reconstruction of the urethra
148
urethrotomy
yoo-ree-THRAWT-oh-mee
incision into the urethra
149
urinary catheterization
insertion of a catheter into the bladder to drain urine
150
urostomy
yoo-RAWS-toh-mee
creation of an opening in the urinary tract, normally to divert urine flow away from a diseased bladder
151
vesicostomy
VES-ih-KAWS-toh-mee
creation of an opening in the bladder
152
vesicotomy
VES-ih-KAWT-oh-mee
incision into the bladder
153
balanoplasty
BAL-ah-noh-PLAS-tee
surigical reconstruction of the penis
154
circumsision
SIR-kum-SIZH-on
surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis
155
epididymectomy
EP-ih-DID-ih-MEK-toh-mee
surgical removal of the epididymis
156
epididymotomy
EP-ih-DID-ih-MAWT-oh-mee
incision into the epididymis
157
hydrocelectomy
HAI-droh-see-LEK-toh-mee
surgical removal of a hydrocele
158
orchidectomy
OR-kih-DEK-toh-mee
surgical removal of a testicle
159
orchidopexy
OR-kid-oh-PEK-see
surgical fixation of a testicle
160
orchidotomy
OR-kid-AWT-oh-mee
incision into a testicle
161
orchiectomy
OR-kee-EK-toh-mee
surgical removal of a testicle
162
orchiopexy
OR-kee-oh-PEK-see
surgical fixation of a testicle
163
orchioplasty
OR-kee-oh-PLAS-tee
surgical reconstruction of a testicle
164
prostatectomy
PRAWS-tah-TEK-toh-mee
surgical removal of the prostate
165
prostatolithotomy
praws-TAT-oh-lith-THAWT-oh-mee
incision into the prostate to remove a stone
166
prostatovesiculectomy
PRAWS-tah-toh-veh-SIK-yoo-LEK-toh-mee
surgical removal of the prostate and seminal vesicles
167
transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
procedures of removing all orp art of the prostate by the insertion of a resectoscope into the urethra
168
vasectomy
vah-SEK-toh-mee
surgical removal of the vas deferens
169
vasovasostomy
VAS-oh-vah-SAWS-toh-mee
creation of an opening between two vessels; this is the technical term for a vasectomy reversal
170
vesiculectomy
veh-SIK-yoo-LEK-toh-mee
surgical removal of the seminal vesicles
171
BUN
blood urea nutrogen
172
cath
catheter
173
ESWL
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
174
HD
hemodialysis
175
I&O
intake and output
176
IVP
intravenous pyelogram
177
IVU
intravenous urogram
178
KUB
kidneys, ureters, bladder
179
OAB
overactive bladder
180
PKD
polycystic kidney disease
181
RP
retrograde pyelgram
182
SUI
stress urinary incontinence
183
UA
urinalysis
184
UTI
urinary tract infection
185
VCUG
voiding cystourethrogram
186
VUR
vesicoureteral reflux
187
AIDS
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
188
BPH
benign prostate hyperplasia
189
DRE
digital rectal exam
190
ED
erectile dysfunction
191
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
192
HPV
human papilloma virus
193
HSV
herpes simplex virus
194
PSA
prostate-specific antigen
195
STD/STI
sexually transmitted disease, sexually transmitted infection
196
TURP
transurethral resection of the prostate
