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Medical Terminology > Chapter 11 - The Gastrointestinal System > Flashcards

Chapter 11 - The Gastrointestinal System Flashcards

1
Q

digestion

A

process of carrying food through the body and breaking it apart into usable and unusable parts

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2
Q

3 main types of usable food fuel

A

protein
fat
carbohydrates

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3
Q

upper GI tract

A

mouth
esophagus
stomach

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4
Q

lower GI tract

A

small and large intestines

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5
Q

mouth

A

or/o, stomat/o

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6
Q

gums

A

gingiv/o

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7
Q

tooth

A

dent/o, odont/o

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8
Q

gloss/o, lingu/o

A

tongue

strongest muscle in the human body relative to its size

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9
Q

stomach

A

gastr/o

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10
Q

esophagus

A

esophag/o

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11
Q

parts of the small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

longest part of the GI system

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12
Q

intestines

A

enter/o

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13
Q

duedenum

A

dueden/o

1st section of small intestine, means “twelve” bc its length is the same as the width of 12 fingers

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14
Q

jejunum

A

jejun/o

2nd section of small intestine, means “empty” bc it is found empty during dissections

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15
Q

ileum

A

ile/o

3rd part of the small intestine’s sections, means “groin” bc located in the lower abdomen

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16
Q

colon (large intestine)

A

col/o, colon/o

starts at the bottom of the abdomen (where ileum ends) and divided into 3 sections:
ascending (going up)
transverse (going across)
descending (going down)

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17
Q

sigmoid colon

A

sigmoid/o

at the end of the colon, before rectum begins (has an S-shaped curve)

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18
Q

rectum

A

rect/o

final portion of the colon before the anus

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19
Q

anus

A

an/o

the sphincter or muscle at the end of the intestines that allows for passage of feces

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20
Q

anus or rectum

A

proct/o

refers to both anus and rectum

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21
Q

liver

A

largest gland in the body, gets rid of toxins, plays a role in energy storage, makes a bile that breaks down fatb

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22
Q

bile

A

breaks down fat
sent to two places:
small intenstine
gallbladder (storage gland)

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23
Q

pancreas

A

makes enzymes that break apart proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

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24
Q

saliva

A

sial/o

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25
bile (gall)
bil/o, chol/o substances produced in the liver that is required for the body to digest food
26
abdomen
abdomin/o, celi/o, lapar/o
27
bladder
cyst/o
28
duct
doch/o
29
liver
hepat/o, hepatic/o
30
pancreas
pancreat/o
31
peritoneum
peritone/o membrane that lines the abdomen cavity and covers most of the ab organs/keeps everything in place
32
aerodontalgia ER-oh-dawn-TAL-jah
tooth pain caused by exposure to air aer - air odont - tooth algia - pain
33
aphagia a-FAY-jah
inability to eat a - no phagia - eat
34
dentalgia den-TAL-jah
tooth pain dent - tooth algia - pain
35
dyspepsia dis-PEP-see-ah
bad digestion dys - bad peps - digestion ia - condition
36
esophagalgia eh-SAWF-ah-GAL-jah
pain in the esophagus esophag - esophagus algia - pain
37
eupepsia yoo-PEP-see-ah
good digestion eu - good peps - digestion ia - condition
38
gastralgia gas-TRAL-jah
stomach pain gastr-stomach algia - pain
39
gastrodynia GAS-troh-DIN-ee-ah
stomach pain gastro - stomach dynia - pain
40
gingivalgia JIN-jih-VAL-jah
gum pain gingiv - gum algia - pain
41
gingivostomatitis JIN-jih-voh-STOH-mah-TAI-tis
inflammation of the mouth and gums gingivo - gums stomat - mouth itis - inflammation
42
hematemesis HEM-at-EM-eh-sis
vomiting blood hemat - blood emesis - vomiting
43
hyperemesis HAI-per-EM-eh-sis
excessive vomiting hyper - over emesis - vomiting
44
odontalgia OH-DAWN-TAL-jah
tooth pain odont - tooth algia - pain
45
odontodynia oh-DAWN-toh-DIN-ee-ah
tooth pain odonto - tooth dynia - pain
46
stomatitis STOH-mah-TAI-tis
inflammation of the mouth stomat - mouth itis - inflammation
47
stomatodynia STOH-mah-toh-DIN-ee-ah
mouth pain stomato - mouth dynia - pain
48
constipation
difficulty passing feces
49
diarrhea
passing of fluid or unformed feces dia - through rrhea - discharge
50
dysentery DIS-en-TER-ee
another name for diarrhea dys - bad enter - intestine y - condition
51
enterodynia EN-ter-oh-DIN-ee-ah
pain in the intestines entero - intestines dynia - pain
52
hemorrhoid HEM-oh-ROID
inflammation of the veins surrounding the anus
53
rectalgia rek-TAL-jah
rectal pain rect - rectum algia - pain
54
cholecystalgia KOH-lay-SIST-AL-jah
pain in the galbladder chole - bile cyst - bladder algia - pain
55
jaundice
yellowing of the skin, tissue, and fluids caused by increased levels of bilirubin in the blood
56
icterus IK-ter-us
another name for jaundice
57
sialorrhea SAI-ah-loh-REE-ah
excessive salivation sialo - salivation rrhea - excessive discharge
58
gastromalacia GAS-troh-mah-LAY-shah
softening of the stomach gastro - stomach malacia - softening
59
gastroparesis GAS-troh-pah-REE_sis
partial paralysis of the stomach gastro - stomach paresis - partial paralysis
60
gingivitis jin-jih-VAIT-is
inflammation of the gums gingiv - gum itis - inflammation
61
gingivoglossitis JIN-jih-voh-GLAWS-ai-tis
inflammation of the gums and tongue gingivo - gum gloss - tongue itis - inflammation
62
glossoplegia GLAWS-oh-PLEE-jah
paralysis of the tongue glosso - tongue plegia - paralysis
63
odontoclasis OH-dawn-TAWK-lah-sis
breaking of a tooth odonto - tooth clasis - break
64
stomatogastric STOH-mah-toh-GAS-trik
pertaining to the mouth and stomach stomato - mouth gastr - stomach ic - pertaining to
65
stomatosis STOH-mah-TOH-sis
mouth condition stomat - mouth osis - condition
66
anophony an-AWF-oh-nee
sound from the anus ano - anus phony - sound
67
hernia
rupture of protrusion of an organ through the wall that normally contains it
68
flatus FLAH-tus
medical term for passing gas
69
steatorrhea STAY-ah-toh-REE-ah
excessive fat discharged in the feces steato - fat rrhea - discharge
70
ascites ah-SAIT-eez
retention of fluid in the peritoneum
71
biligenesis BIL-ih-JIN-eh-sis
formation of bile bili - bile genesis - creation
72
cholelith KOHL-ih-LITH
gallstone; a stone in the bile chole - bile lith - stone
73
hepatomalacia HEP-ah-toh-mah-LAY-shah
softening of the liver
74
hepatomegaly HEP-at-oh-MEG-ah-lee
enlargement of the liver
75
hepatoptosis HEP-a-tawp-TOH-sis
downward displacement of the liver
76
pancreatolith PAN-kree-AT-oh-lith
stone in the pancreas
77
sialoangiectasis SAI-ah-loh-AN-jee-EK-tah-sis
overexpansion of the salivary vessels sialo - saliva angi - vessel ectasis - expansion
78
sialolith sai-AL-oh-lith
stone in the saliva
79
sialostenosis SAI-ah-loh-steh-NOH-sis
narrowing of the salivary glands
80
cholangiogram koh-LAN-jee-oh-GRAM
record of the bile vessels (ducts) chol - bile angio - vessel gram - record
81
cholangiography koh-LAN-jee-AWG-rah-fee
procedure for mapping the bile vessels (ducts) chol - bile angio - vessel graphy - writing procedure
82
cholangiopancreatography koh-LAN-jee-oh-PANG-kree-ah-TAWG-rah-fee
procedure for mapping the bile vessels (ducts) and pancreas can be performed either by andoscope (ERCP) or MRI (MRCP)
83
cholecystogram KOH-lay-SIS-toh-gram
record of the bile (gall) bladder chole - bile cysto - bladder gram - record
84
pancreatography PAN-kree-ah-TAWG-rah-fee
procedure for mapping the pancreas
85
anosigmoidoscopy AY-noh-SIG-MOI-DAWS-koh-pee
procedure for looking at the anus and sigmoid colon
86
endoscope EN-doh-SKOHP
instrument used to look inside
87
endoscopy en-DAWS-koh-pee
procedure of looking inside
88
esophagogastroduodenoscopy eh-SAWF-ah-goh-GAS-troh-DOO-oh-dee-NAWS-koh-pee
procedure for looking inside the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
89
esophagoscopy eh-SAWF-ah-GAWS-koh-pee
procedure for looking inside the esophagus
90
fecal occult blood test (FOBT) FEE-kal oh-KULT
test of feces to discover blood not visibly apparent
91
gastroscope GAS-troh-SKOHP
instrument for looking at the stomach
92
gastroscopy gas-TRAWS-koh-pee
procedure for looking at the stomach
93
laparoscope LAP-ar-roh-skohp
instrument for looking inside the abdomen
94
laparoscopy LAP-ah-RAWS-koh-pee
procedure for looking inside the abdomen
95
nasogastric tube NAY-zoh-GAS-trik
tube inserted through the nose into the stomach
96
peritoneoscopy PER-ih-TOH-nee-AWS-koh-pee
procedure for looking at the peritoneum
97
proctoscope PRAWK-toh-skophp
instrument for looking at the anus and rectum
98
proctoscopy prawk-TAWS-koh-pee
procedure for looking at the anus and rectum
99
sigmoidoscope sig-MOYD-oh-SKOHP
instrument for looking at the sigmoid colon
100
sigmoidoscopy SIG-moy-DAWS-koh-pee
procedure for looking at the sigmoid colon
101
colonoscopy COH-loh-NAWS-koh-pee
procedure for looking at the colon
102
bariatrics BAR-ee-AH-triks
branch of medicine dealing with weight issues
103
dentifrice DEN-ti-fris
toothpaste
104
dentist
specialist in teeth
105
gastroenterologist GAS-troh-EN-ter-AWL-oh-jist
specialist in the stomach and intestines
106
gastroenterology GAS-troh-EN-ter-AWL-oh-jee
study of the stomach and intestines
107
orthodontics
branch of medicine dealing with straightening of teeth
108
proctologist prok-TAWL-oh-jist
specialist in the anus, rectum, and colon
109
proctology
branch of medicine dealing with the anus, rectum, and colon
110
epigastric EP-ih-GAS-trik
upper center portion of the abdomen
111
hypochondriac HAI-poh-KON-free-ak
upper side portions of the abdomen
112
hypogastric HAI-poh-GAS-trik
lower center portion of the abdomen
113
inguinal ING-gwi-nal
lower side portions of the abdomen
114
lumbar
middle side portions of the abdomen
115
umbilical um-BIL-ih-kal
middle center portion of the abdomen
116
esophagitis eh-SAWF-ah-JAIT-is
inflammation of the esophagus
117
gastritis gas-TRAIT-is
inflammation of the stomach
118
gastroenteritis GAS-troh-ent-eh-RAIT-is
inflammation of the stomach and intestines
119
gastroenterocolitis GAS-troh-EN-ter-oh-kohl-AI-tis
inflammation of the stomach, intestine, and colon
120
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) GAS-troh-eh-SOF-ah-JEE-al
disease in which acid comes up from the stomach and damages the esophagus
121
gingival hyperplasia JIN-jih-val HAI-per-PLAY-zhah
overformation of gum tissue
122
glossopathy glaws-SAWP-ah-thee
disease of the tongue
123
glossotrichia GLAWS-oh-TRIK-ee-ah
overdevelopment of bumps on the tongue, making the tongue appear hairy
124
periodontitis PER-ee-oh-DON-TAIT-is
inflammation of region around the teeth
125
pyloric stenosis pai-LOR-ik steh-NOH-sis
narrowing of the sphincter at the base of the stomach 3 sphincters: esophageal (between esophagus and stomach) pyloric (between stomach and intestines) anus
126
stomatomycosis STOH-mah-toh-mai-KOH-sis
fungus condition of the mouth
127
stomatosis STOH-mah-TOH-sis
mouth condition
128
colitis koh-LAIT-is
inflammation of the colon
129
duodenitis DOO-ohd-eh-NAI-tis
inflammation of the duodenum
130
enterocele ENT-eh-roh-SEEL
hernia of the intestines
131
enteropathy ENT-eh-RAWP-ah-thee
disease of the intestines
132
fistula FIS-choo-lah
any abnormal passageway in the body that shouldn't be there
133
anal fistula
abnormal opening between the rectum and the exterior perianal skin
134
colovaginal fistula
abnormal opening between the colon and vagina
135
diverticulitis DAI-ver-TIK-yoo-LAIT-is
inflammation of the diverticula in the colon
136
celiac disease
disease of the intestines due to an adverse reaction to gluten
137
ileitis IL-ee-AIT-is
inflammation of the ileum
138
ileocolitis IL-ee-oh-koh-LAI-tis
inflammation of the ileum and colon
139
jejunitis JEE-joo-NAI-tis
inflammation of the jejunum
140
jejunoileitis jee-JOO-noh-IL-ee-AI-tis
inflammation of the jejunum and ileum
141
malabsorption MAL-ab-SORP-shon
incomplete or lack of absorbing nutrients from the intestines
142
proctitis prok--TAIT-is
inflammation of the anus and rectum
143
proctoptosis PROK-tawp-TOH-sis
downward placement of the rectum and anus
144
rectitis rek-TAI-tis
inflammation of the rectum
145
ulcerative colitis UL-seh-rat-iv
inflammation of the colon; characterized by ulcers
146
celiomyositis SEE-lee-oh-MAI-oh-SAI-tis
inflammation of the abdominal muscle
147
celiopathy SEE-lee-AWP-ah-thee
disease of the abdomen
148
cholangitis KOH-lan-JAIT-is
inflammation of the bile vessel (ducts)
149
cholecystitis KOH-lay-sis-TAIT-is
inflammation of the bile (gall) bladder
150
choledochecele koh-LED-oh-koh-SEEL
hernia of the (common) bile duct
151
choledocholithiasis koh-LED-oh-koh-lih-THAI-ah-sis
presence of a stone in the (common) bile duct
152
cholelithiasis KOH-lih-lith-AI-ah-sis
presence of a gallstone
153
cirrhosis sih-ROH-sis
liver disease named for the change of color on the liver
154
hepatitis HEP-ah-TAIT-is
inflammation of the liver there are 5 types of viral hepatitis (A-E). The most serious are HEP B & C because they can lead to chronic Hep and cancer
155
hepatosclerosis HEP-at-oh-skleh-ROH-sis
hardening of the liver
156
laparocele LAP-ar-oh-seel
abdominal hernia
157
pancreatitis PANG-kree-ah-TAIT-is
inflammation of the pancreas
158
pancreatolithiasis PAN-kree-AH-toh-lih-THAI-sis
presence of a stone in the pancreas
159
peritonitis PER-it-on-AIT-is
inflammation of the peritoneum
160
sclerosing cholangitis skleh-ROHS-ing KOH-lang-JAIT-is
inflammation and hardening of the bile vessels (ducts)
161
sialoadenitis SAI-ah-loh-AD-eh-NAI-tis
inflammation of the salivary glands
162
sialoadenosis SAI-ah-loh-AD-e-NOH-sis
a condition of the salivary glands
163
sialolithiasis SAI-ah-loh-lih-THAI-ah-sis
presence of salivary stones
164
cholangioma koh-lan-jee-OH-mah
tumor of the bile vessels (ducts)
165
colorectal carcinoma KOH-loh-REK-tal
cancerous tumor of the colon or rectum
166
esophageal carcinoma
cancerous tumor of the esophagus
167
hepatocarcinoma HEP-at-oh-KAR-sin-OH-mah
cancerous tumor of the liver
168
hepatoma HEP-ah-TOH-mah
tumor of the liver
169
antacid
agent that neutralizes acid
170
antiemetic ANT-ee-ah-MET-ik
agent that prevents or relieves nausea or vomiting
171
cathartic kah-THART-ik
agent that produces bowel movements
172
sialagogic SAI-al-ah-GAWJ-ik
agent that causes salivation
173
esophagectomy eh-SAWF-ah-JEK-toh-mee
surgical removal of the esophagus
174
esophagogastroplasty eh-SAWF-ah-goh-GAS-troh-PLAS-tee
surgical reconstruction of the esophagus and stomach
175
gastrectomy gah-STREK-toh-mee
surgical removal of the stomach
176
gastroenterostomy GAS-troh-en-ter-AWS-toh-mee
creation of an opening between the stomach and the intestines
177
gastrogegunostomy GAS-troh-JEH-joo-NAWS-toh-mee
creation of an opening between the stomach and the jejunum
178
gastropexy GAS-troh-PEK-see
surgical fixation of the stomach
179
gastroplasty GAS-troh-PLAS-tee
surgical reconstruction of the stomach
180
gingivoplasty JIN-jih-voh-PLAS-tee
surgical reconstruction of gum tissue
181
glossoplasty GLAWS-oh-PLAS-tee
surgical reconstruction of the tongue
182
glossorrhaphy glaw-SOR-ah-fee
suture of the tongue
183
glossotomy glaw-SAWT-oh-mee
incision into the tongue
184
odontectomy oh-dawn-TEK-toh-mee
surgical removal of a tooth
185
anastomosis ah-NAS-toh-MOH-sis
creation of an opening; a surgical procedure connecting two previously unconnected hollow tubes
186
anoplasty ah-noh-PLAS-tee
surgical reconstruction of the anus
187
colectomy koh-LEK-toh-mee
surgical removal of the colon
188
colostomy koh-LAWS-toh-mee
creation of an opening in the colon
189
duodenectomy DOO-oh-den-EK-toh-mee
surgical removal of the duodenum
190
enterectomy EN-ter-EK-toh-mee
surgical removal of the intestines
191
enterorrhaphy EN-ter-OR-ah-fee
suture of the intestines
192
enterotomy EN-ter-AWT-oh-mee
incision into the intestines
193
hemicolectomy HEM-ee-koh-LEK-toh-mee
surgical removal of half (a portion) of the colon
194
hemorrhoidectomy HEM-oh-roi-DEK-toh-mee
surgical removal of hemorroids
195
herniorrhaphy her-nee-OR-ah-fee
suture of a hernia
196
ileocolostomy IL-ee-oh-koh-LAWS-toh-mee
creation of an opening between the ileum and colon
197
ileorrhaphy IL-ee-OR-ah-fee
suture of the ileum
198
ileostomy IL-ee-AWS-toh-mee
creation of an opening in the ileum
199
ileotomy IL-ee-AWT-oh-mee
incision into the ileum
200
jejunorrhaphy JEE-joo-NOR-ah-fee
suture of jejunum
201
jejunostomy JEE-joo-NAWS-toh-mee
creation of an opening in the jejunum
202
jejunotomy JEE-joo-NAWT-oh-mee
incision into the jejunum
203
proctoplasty PROK-toh-PLAS-tee
surgical reconstruction of the anus and rectum
204
rectopexy REK-toh-PEK-see
surgical fixation of the rectum
205
abdominocentesis ab-DAWM-ih-noh-sin-TEE_sis
puncture of the abdomen (usually for the purpose of withdrawing fluid)
206
abdominoplasty ab-DAWM-ih-noh-PLAS-tee
surgical reconstruction of the abdomen
207
celiotomy SEE-lee-AWT-oh-mee
incision into the abdomen
208
cholangiogastrostomy koh-LAN-jee-oh-gas-TRAWS-toh-mee
creation of an opening between the bile vessel (ducts) and the stomach
209
cholecystectomy KOH-lay-sis-TEK-toh-me
surgical removal of the bile (gall) bladder
210
choledochoenterostomy koh-LED--oh-koh-EN-ter-AWS-toh-mee
creation of an opening between (common) bile duct and the intestines
211
choledocholithectomy koh-LED-oh-koh-lith-EK-toh-mee
surgical removal of a stone from the (common) bile duct
212
choledochotomy KOH-led-oh-KAWT-oh-mee
incision into the (common) bile duct
213
cholelithotomy KOH-lay-lih-THAWT-oh-mee
incision to remove bile (gall) stones
214
cholelithotripsy KOHL-ah-lith-oh-trip-see
crushing of bile (gall) stones
215
hepatectomy HEP-ah-TEK-toh-me
surgical removal of the liver
216
hepaticogastrostomy heh-PAT-ih-koh-gas-TRAWS-toh-mee
creation of an opening between the liver and the stomach
217
hepaticotomy heh-PAT-ih-KAWT-oh-me
incision into the liver
218
hepatopexy HEP-ah-toh-PEKS-ee
surgical fixation of the liver
219
laparoenterostomy LAP-ah-roh-ENT-eh-RAWS-toh-me
creation of an opening between the abdomen and the intestines
220
laparoscopic surgery
the use of a laparoscope to perform minimally invasive surgery
221
laparotomy LAP-ah-RAWT-oh-mee
incision into the abdomen
222
pancreatectomy PAN-kree-ah-TEK-toh-mee
surgical removal of the pancreas
223
pancreatoduodenectomy PAN-kree-ah-toh-DOO-aw-deh-NEK-toh-mee
surgical removal of the pancreas and duodenum
224
pancreatolithectomy PAN-kree-ah-toh-lith-EK-toh-mee
surgical removal of stones in the pancreas
225
sialoadenectomy SAI-ah-loh-AD-e-NEK-toh-mee
surgical removal of a salivary gland
226
sialolithotomy SAI-ah-loh-lih-THAWT-oh-mee
incision to remove salivary stones
227
stomatoplasty STOH-mah-toh-PLAS-tee
surgical reconstruction of the mouth
228
BE
barium enema
229
BM
bowel movement
230
CCE
cholecystectomy
231
EGD
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
232
ERCP
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
233
EUS
endoscopic ultrasound
234
FOBT
fecal occult blood test
235
GERD
gastroesopageal reflux disease
236
GI
gastrointentinal
237
HAV, HBV, HVC
Hepatitis A virus, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus
238
IBD
inflammatory bowel disease
239
IBS
inflammatory bowel syndrome
240
LFT
liver function test
241
NGT
nasogastric tube
242
NPO
nothing by mouth
243
N&V
nausea and vomiting
244
PEG
percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
245
PEJ
percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy
246
PUD
peptic ulcer disease
247
RLQ
right lower quadrant
248
RUQ
right upper quadrant
249
LLQ
left lower quadrant
250
LUQ
left upper quadrant
251
UGI
upper gastrointestinal

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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