Chapter 3 (The Integumentary System—Dermatology) Flashcards
epidermis
outermost layer of skin, the one that is visible
made up of squamous cells (scaly appearance)
dermis
layer of skin under epidermis, home to hair follicles, nerves, and glands
hair follicles
roots of your hair, anchor the hair to the skin and provide nourishment to it
glands
groups of cells that release fluid
skin has 2 types of glands:
1. sweat glands (hidro) release sweat to ride the body of waste and to cool the body
2. sebaceous glands (sebaceo) secrete oil as a natural moisturizer for the skin and hair
keratin
hard, specialized tissue that makes up our nails, nails protect your fingers and toes and provide a good base for movement
adip/o, lip/o, steat/o
Root
Definition: fat
Ex: adipocyte, lipoma, steatosis
cutane/o, derm/o, dermat/o
Root
Definition: skin
Ex: dermatology, subcutaneous, epidermal
pil/o, trich/o
Root
Definition: hair
Ex: piloid, atrichosis
hidr/o
Root
Definition: sweat
Ex: hyperhidrosis
squam/o
Root
Definition: scale
Ex: squamous layer
onych/o, ungu/o
Root
Definition: nail
Ex: onychalgia, subungual
seb/o, sebace/o
Root
Definition: oil
Ex: sebolith, pilosebaceous
crypt/o
Root
Definition: hidden
Ex: onychocryptosis (ingrown nail)
kerat/o
Root
Definition: hard, horny
Ex: keratosis, keratoderma
xer/o
Root
Definition: dry
Ex: xeroderma
xanthr/o
Root
Definition: yellow
Ex: xanthroderma
erythr/o
Root
Definition: red
Ex: erythroderma
leuk/o, alb/o
Root
Definition: white
Ex: leukoderma, albinism
melan/o
Root
Definition: black
Ex: melanoma
cerumen
ear wax
macule, macula
MAK-yool / MAK-yoo-lah
a small flat, discolored area (freckle, spot, stain)
patch
a larger, flat, discolored area (larger macules)
papule
PAP-yool
a small solid mass
small bumps under 1cm
plaque
PLAK
a solid mass on the surface of the skin (large and flat like a plateau)
nodule
NOJ-yool
a solid mass that extends deeper into the skin
small bump over 1cm (bigger than papule)
tumor
TOO-mur
a larger solid mass
vesicle
VES-i-kul
small bump (less than 1cm) filled with clear fluid
a smaller blister
bulla
BUL-ah
larger vesicle (large bump filled with clear fluid), such as a blister
pustule
PUS-tyool
a pus-filled blister
small bumps filled with pus
asbscess
AB-ses
a localized collection of pus in the body (larger pustule, larger bump filled with pus)
erosion
ee-ROH-zhun
loss of skin
ulcer
UL-sir
a sore
excoriation
eks-koh-ree-A-shun
a scratch
fissure
FISH-ur
a crack in skin
scale
SKAYL
skin flaking off
crust
KRUST
a dried substance (i.e., blood, pus) on the skin
vascular lesion
VAS-kyoo-lar LEE-zhun
wounds related to blood vessels
cherry angioma
CHEH-ree AN-jee-OH-mah
a small blood vessel tumor
(too many blood vessels in one area can cause a mass)
telangiectasia
TEL-AN-jee-ek-TAY-zhuh
the over-expansion of the end of blood vessel; sometimes called a spider angioma because of how it looks on the skin
petechia
puh-TEE-kee-yah
a small bruise
ecchymosis
ek-ih-MOH-sis
a larger bruise
cicatrix (plural: cicatrices)
SIK-ah-triks
scar
keloid
KEE-loid
overgrowth of scar tissue
epidermal tumors
EP-ih-DER-mal TOO-murs
tumors on the skin
nevus
NEE-vus
mole
dysplastic nevus
dis-PLAS-tic NEE-nus
a mole with bad changes/formation (often precancerous)
verruca
ver-ROO-kah
wart
culture and sensitivity (C&S)
growing microorganisms in isolation in order to dtermine which drugs they might respond to
biopsy (Bx)
removal of tissue in order to examine it (with your own 2 eyes)
excisional biopsy
removal of an entire lesion for examination (to cut ut out)
incisional biopsy
removal of a portion lesion for examination (to cut ut out)
dermatoscopy
DER-mah-TAWS-koh-pee
procedure for looking at the skin
adipocele
AD-ih-poh-SEEL
a hernia filled with fatty tissue
adipo (fat)
cele (hernia)
dermarofibroma
DER-mah-toh-fai-BROH-mah
a fibrous skin tumor
dermato (skin)
fibr (fiber)
oma (tumor)
abrasion
uh-BRAY-zhun
scraping away of skin
ab (away)
rasion (scrape)
albinism
AL-bih-nizm
lack of pigment in skin causing patient to look white
albin (white)
ism (condiiton)
albino
al-BAI-noh
a person afflicted with albinism
alopecia
AL-oh-PEE-shah
baldness
anhidrosis
AN-hai-DROH-sis
lack of sweating
an (no)
hidr (sweat)
osis (condition)
comedo
KOM-eh-doh
a hair follicle that is plugged with sebum (black head, white head)
cyanhidrosis
sai-an-hai-DROH-sis
blue seat
cyan (blue)
hidr (sweat)
osis (condition)
depigmentation
DE-pig-men-TAY-shun
loss of pigmentation
de (away)
pigment (pigment)
ation (condition)
dermatalgia
DER-mah-TAL-jah
skin pain
dermato (skin)
algia (pain)
dermatodynia
derm-MAH-toh-DIH-nee-ah
dermato (skin)
dynia (pain)
dermatolysis
DER-mah-TAWL-ih-sis
loose skin
dermato (skin)
lysis (loose)
erythema
ER-ih-THEE-mah
redness
erythroderma
eh-RITH-roh-DER-mah
red skin
erythro (red)
derma (skin)
hemathidrosis
hee-mat-hai-DROH-sis
sweating blood
hemat (blood)
hidr (sweat)
osis (condition)
hidropoiesis
HAI-droh-poi-EE-sis
the formation of sweat
hidro (sweat)
poiesis (formation)
hyperhidrosis
HAI-per-hai-DROH-sis
excessive sweating
hyper (over)
hidr (sweat)
osis (condition)
hyperkerotosis
HAI-per-KER-ah-TOH-sis
excessive growth of horny skin
hyper (over)
kerat (horny)
osis (condition)
hypermelanosis
HAI-per-mel-an-NOH-sis
excessive melanin in the skin
hyper (over)
melan (black)
osis (condition)
hyperpigmentation
HAI-per-PIG-men-TAY-shun
excessive pigment in the skin
hyper (over)
pigment (pigment)
ation (condition)
hypohidrosis
HAI-poh-hai-DROH-sis
diminished sweating
hypo (under)
hidr (sweat)
osis (condition)
hypomelanosis
HAI-poh-mel-ah-NOH-sis
diminished melanin in the skin
hypo (under)
melan (black)
osis (condition
hypopigmentation
HAI-poh-PIG-men-TAY-shun
diminished pigment in the skin
hypo (under)
pigment (pigment)
ation (condition)
leukoderm
LOO-koh-DER-mah
white skin
leuko (white)
derma (skin)
macerate
MAS-ih-rayt
to soften the skin (wet rash)
onychophagia
awn-ih-koh-FAY-jah
eating or biting the nails
onycho (nail)
phagia (eat)
pruritus
proo-RAI-tus
an itch/itchy
rhytidermia
rih-tih-DER-mee-ah
wrinkled skin
rhytid (wrinkle)
dermia (skin)
sebopoiesis
see-boh-poi-EE-sis
formation of oil (sebum)
sebo (oil)
poiesis (formation)
seborrhea
seb-or-EE-ah
oily secretion/discharge of oil (sebum)
sebo (oil)
rrhea (discharge)
trichomegaly
TRIK-oh-MEG-ah-lee
abnormally thick hair
tricho (hair)
megaly (enlargement)
urticaria
URT-ih-KAR-ee-ah
swollen raised itchy areas of the skin (hives)
xanthoderma
ZAN-thoh-DER-mah
yellow skin
xantho (yellow)
derma (skin)
xeroderma
ZER-oh-DER-mah
dry skin
xero (dry)
derma (skin)
xerosis
ze-ROH-sis
condition of dryness
xer (dry)
osis (condition)
centrifugal
rash that starts from the middle and works their way outward
centripetal
rash that spreads from the outside inward
causes of burns
heat
radiation
chemicals
electricity
friction
burn
injury to skin cells caused by exposure to harmful agents
when skin is burned, 3 functions are impaired
- the ability to regulate heat
- the ability to regulate hydration
- the ability to fight infection
first-degree burn
affects the superficial layer of skin (epidermis)
Ex: sunburn
second-degree burn
involves the dermis
third-degree burn
injures the subcutaneous layer of skin
fourth-degree burn
involves the underlying tissue like bone, muscle, or fascia
erythrocyanosis
eh-rith-roh-SAI-ah-NOH-sis
a red and/or blue discoloration of the skin
erytho (red)
cyan (blue)
osis (condition)
keratogenic
ker-at-oh-JEN-ik
causing horny tissue development
kerato (horny)
gen (creation)
ic (pertaining to)
keratosis
KER-ah-TOH-sis
horny tissue condition
kerat (horny)
osis (condition)
necrosis
neh-KROH-sis
tissue death
necr (death)
osis (condition)
onychia
oh-NIK-ee-ah
a nail condition
onych (nail)
ia (condition)
onychocryptosis
AWN-ih-koh-krip-TOH-sis
an ingrown nail
onycho (nail)
crypt (hidden)
osis (condition)
onycholysis
AWN-ih-KAWL-ih-sis
the loss of a nail
onych (nail)
lysis (loose)
onychomalacia
AWN-ih-koh-mah-LAY-shah
abnormal softening of a nail
onycho (nail)
malacia (abnormal softening)
onychopathy
awn-ih-KOP-ath-ee
nail disease
onycho (nail)
pathy (disease)
pachyderm
pak-ih-DER-mah
tough skin
pachy (thick)
derma (skin)
paronychia
par-aw-NIK-ee-ah
a condition of the tissue around the nail
par (around)
onych (nail)
ia (condition)
steatoma
STEE-ah-TOH-ma
a fatty tumor
steat (fat)
oma (tumor)
xanthoma
zan-THOH-mah
a yellow tumor
xanth (yellow)
oma (tumor)
ABCDE
asymmetry, border, color, diameter
AK
actinic keratosis
Bx
biopsy
C&S
culture and sensitivity
derm
dermatology
ID
interadermal
SC
subcutaneous
SQ
subcutaneous
anesthetic
AN-es-THET-ik
a drug that temporarily blocks sensation
an (no)
esthetic (sensation)
antibiotic
ANT-ai-bai-OH-tik
a drug that destroys or opposes growth of microorganisms
anti (against)
biotic (life)
antihistamine
ANT-ih-HIS-tah-MEEN
a drug that opposes the effects of histamine
anti (against)
histamine (histamine)
antipruritic
ANT-ih-proo-RIT-ik
a drug that prevents or relieves itching
anti (against)
pruritic (itching)
antiseptic
ANT-ih-SEP-ik
a drug that prevents sepsis (rotting of flesh) by killing microorganisms
anti (against)
septic (rotting)
epidermal
EP-ih-DER-mal
pertaining to the skin
epi (upon)
derm (skin)
al (pertaining to)
hypodermic
HAI-poh-DER-mik
pertaining to beneath the skin
hypo (beneath)
derm (skin)
ic (pertaining to)
intradermal
in-tra-DER-mal
pertaining to inside the skin
intra (inside)
derm (skin)
al (pertaining to)
percutaneous
PER-kyoo-TAH-nee-us
pertaining to through the skin
per (through)
cutane (skin)
ous (pertaining to)
subcutaneous
SUB-kyoo-TAH-nee-us
pertaining to beneath the skin
sub (beneath)
cutane (skin)
ous (pertaining to)
topical
TAWP-ih-kal
applied directly to the skin
topic (place)
al (pertaining to)
transdermal
TRANz-DERM-al
pertaining to through the skin
trans (through)
derm (skin)
al (pertaining to)
chemosurgery
KEEM-oh-SIR-jer-ee
removal of tissue that has been destroyed using chemicals
chemo (chemical)
surgery (surgery)
chemotherapy
KEE-moh-THER-ah-pee
treatment using chemicals
chemo (chemicals)
therapy (treatment)
cryosurgery
KRAI-oh-SIR-juh-ree
destruction of tissue through freezing
cryo (cold)
surgery (surgery)
dermabrasion
DERM-ah-BRAY-zhun
rubbing or scraping away the outer surface of skin
derm (skin)
ab (away)
rasion (rub)
electrocauterization
e-LEK-troh-KAW-ter-ai-ZAY-shun
using electricity to destroy tissue by burning it
electro (electricity(
cauteriz (burn)
ation (process)
electrodesiccation
e-LEK-troh-DES-ih-KAY-shun
using electricity to destroy tissue by drying it
electro (electricity)
desicc (drying)
ation (process)
incision and drainage (I&D)
in-SIZH-un and DRAYN-ij
to cut into a wound to allow trapped infected liquid to drain
in (in)
cision (cut)
lipectomy
lih-PEK-toh-mee
removal of fatty tissue
lip (fat)
ectomy (removal)
liposuction
LAI-poh-SUK-shun
removal of fatty tissue using a vacuum
lipo (fat)
suction (vacuum)
onychectomy
AWN-ih-KEK-toh-mee
remove of a nail
onych (nail)
ectomy (removal)
onychotomy
AWN-ih-KOT-oh-mee
incision into a nail
onych (nail)
tomy (incision)
rhytidoplasty
RIT-ih-doh-PLAS-tee
reconstruction of wrinkled skin
rhytido (wrinkle)
plasty (reconstruction)
autograft
AWT-oh-GRAFT
skin transplant taken from a different place on the patient’s body
auto (self)
graft (transplant)
homograft (allograft)
HOH-moh-GRAFT (AL-oh-GRAFT)
skin transplant taken from another member of the patient’s species (homo/allo, another person)
homo (similar)
graft (transplant)
allo (other)
heterograft
HET-eh-roh-GRAFT
skin transplant taken from a species other than the patient’s
hetero (different)
graft (transplant)
xenograft
ZEEN-oh-GRAFT
skin transplant taken from a species other than the patients
zeno (foreign)
graft (transplant)
