Chapter 8 (The Blood & Lymphatic Systems - Hematology & Immunology) Flashcards
coagulation
coagul/o
Ex: anticoagulant, coagulopathy
Coagulo refers to the blood’s ability to form clots
erythrocytes
red blood cells - most common cell type, the transport trucks that bring oxygen to all the cells of the body and take away waste
contain hemoglobin, grabs onto oxygen when oxygen levels are high and releases it when oxygen levels are low, helps carry fresh oxygen from the lungs to parts of the body that need it
leukocytes
white blood cells - fight infection, protect the body from infection
thrombocytes
platelets - small scab-makers of the body, they patch up broken blood vessels and send signals that help further form a permanent clot (smallest cells in the blood)
3 main types of cells
erythrocytes (red blood cells)
leukocytes (white blood cells)
thrombocytes (platelets)
clot
thromb/o
Ex: thrombocyte, thrombosis
blood
hem/o, hemat/o
Ex: hemolysis, hematology
cell
cyt/o
Ex: erythrocyte, thrombocytosis
white
leuk/o
Ex: leukocytes, leukemia
vein
phleb/o, ven/o
Ex: phlebotomy, venospasm
lymph
lymph/o
Ex: lymphadenitis, lymphoma
Lymph is Latin for “water/spring” and refers to a clear liquid that circulates in the body, providing nutrients to cells and removing waste from them
bone marrow, spine
myel/o
Ex: myelitis, myelodysplasia
blood condition
-emia
Ex: anemia, leukemia
tonsils
tonsill/o
Ex: tonsillitis, tonsillectomy
Tonsils are masses of lymphoid tissue located in the back of the mouth at the top of the throat
spleen
splen/o
Ex: splenomegaly, splenectomy
Organ in the upper-left of the abdomen, it filters old red blood cells out of the blood (can live without a spleen)
thymus
thym/o
Ex: thymoma, thymectomy
Organ found at the base of the neck
immune system
immun/o
Ex: immunology, immunoglobulin
deficiency
-penia
Ex: cytopenia
anemia
ah-NEE-mee-ah
reduction of red blood cells noticed by the patient weakness and fatigue
an - no
emia - blood condition
ecchymosis
ek-ih-MOH-sis
large bruise
hematoma
HEE-mah-TOH-mah
mass of blood within an organ, cavity, or tissue
hemat - blood
oma - tumor
hemophilia
HEE-moh-FIL-ee-ah
condition in which the blood doesn’t clot, thus causing excessive bleeding
hemo- blood
phil - love
ia - condition
hemorrhage
HEM-oh-RIJ
excessive blood loss
hemo - blood
rrhage - burst forth
petechia
puh-TEE-kee-yah
small bruise
reperfusion injury
REE-pir-FYOO-zhun
injury to tissue that occurs after blood flow is restored
re - again
per - through
fusion - pour
lymphadenopathy
LYM-FAD-eh-NAW-ah-thee
any disease of a lymph gland (node), used to refer to noticeabley swollen lymph nodes, especially in the neck
lymph - lymph
adeno - gland
pathy - disaese
lymphedema
LIM-fih-DEE-mah
swelling caused by abnormal accumulation of lymph, usually in the extremities
lymph - lymph
edema - swelling
splenalgia
splee-NAL-jee-ah
pain in the spleen
splen - spleen
algia - pain
splenodynia
SPLEE-no-DIN-ee-ah
pain in the spleen
spleno - spleen
dynia - pain
complete blood count (CBC)
common test in medicine, counts the number of each type of cell in the blood (tests of anemia)
anisocytosis
AN-AI-soh-SAI-toh-sis
condition characterized by a great inequality in the size of red blood cells
an - not
iso - equal
cyt - cell
osis - condition
elliptocyte
ee-LIP-toh-SAIT
oval red blood cells
ellipto - oval
cyte - cell
elliptocytosis
ee-LIP-toh-sai-TOH-sis
condition characterized by an increase in the number of oval-shaped red blood cells
ellipto - oval-shaped
cyt - cell
osis - condition
embolism
EM-boh-lizm
blockage in a blood vessel caused by an embolus
embol - embolus
ism - condition
embolus
EM-boh-lus
mass of matter present in the blood (foreign material and is in motion)
em - in
bolus - throw
erythrocyte
eh-RITH-roh-SAIT
red blood celled
erythro - red
cyte - cell
erythrocytosis
eh-RITH-roh-sai-TOH-sis
abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells
erythro - red
cyt - cell
osis - condition
hematopoiesis
hee-MAT-oh-poi-EE-sis
formation of blood cells
hemato - blood
poiesis - formation
hemolysis
hee-MAWL-ih-sis
breakdown of blood cells
hemo - blood
lysis - breakdown
leukocyte
LOO-koh-sait
white blood cell
leuko - white
cyte - cell
leukocytosis
LOO-koh-sai-TOH-sis
increase in the number of white blood cells
leuko - white
cyt - cell
osis - condition
leukopenia
LOO-koh-PEE-nee-ah
deficiency in white blood cells
leuko - white
penia - deficiency
macrocytosis
MAK-roh-sai-TOH-sis
condition characterized by large red blood cells
macro - large
cyt - cell
osis - condition
microcytosis
MAI-kroh-sai-TOH-sis
condition characterized by small red blood cells
micro - small
cyt - cell
osis - condition
myelopoiesis
MAI-eh-loh-poi-EE-sis
formation of bone marrow
myelo - bone marrow
poiesis - formation
neutropenia
NOO-troh-PEE-nee-ah
deficiency in neutrophil (a type of white blood cell)
neutro - neutrophil
penia - deficiency
normocyte
NOR-moh-sait
normal-sized red blood cell
normo - normal
cyte - cell
oligocythemia
AWL-ih-goh-sih-THEE-mee-ah
deficiency in the number of red blood cells
oligo - few
cyt - cell
hemia - blood condition
pancytopenia
PAN-SAIT-oh-PEE-nee-ah
deficiency in all cellular components of the blood
pan - all
cyto - cell
penia - deficiency
phagocytosis
FAG-oh-sai-TOH-sis
process in which phagocytes (type of white blood cells) destroy/eat foreign microorganisms or cell debris
phago - eat
cyt - cell
osis - condition
poikilocytosis
POI-kih-loh-sai-TOH-sis
condition characterized by red blood cells in a variety of shapes
poikilo - various
cyt - cell
osis - condition
polycythemia
PAWL-ee-sih-THEE-mee-ah
excess of red blood cells
poly - many
cyt - cell
hemia - blood condition
reticulocyte
reh-TIK-yoo-loh-SAIT
immature red blood cell
reticulo - net
cyte - cell
spherocyte
SFEE-roh-SAIT
red blood cell that assumes a spherical shape
sphero - sphere
cyte - cell
thrombocytopenia
THROM-boh-SAIT-oh-PEE-nee-ah
deficiency in the number of platelets (clot cells)
thrombo - clot
cyto - cell
penia - deficiency
thrombocytosis
THROM-boh-sai-TOH-sis
increase in the number of platelets (clot cells)
thrombo - clot
cyt - cell
osis - condition
thromboembolism
THROM-boh-EM-boh-lizm
blockage of a vessel (embolism) caused by a clot that has broken off from where it formed
thrombo - clot
embol - embolus
ism - condition
thrombogenic
THROM-boh-JEN-ik
capable of producing a blood clot
thrombo - clot
gen - formation
ic - pertaining to
thrombosis
throm-BOH-sis
the formation of a blood clot
thromb - clot
osis - condition
thrombus
THROM-bus
blood clot (clot of blood and stationary)
dif between thrombus and embolus
thrombus is a clot of blood and is stationary
embolus is foreign material and is in motion
asplenia
ah-SPLEEN-ee-ah
absence of a spleen or of spleen function
a - no
splen - spleen
ia - condition
hepatosplenomegaly
HEP-ah-toh-SPLEE-noh-MEG-ah-lee
enlargement of the liver and spleen
hepato - liver
spleno - spleen
megaly - enlargment
lymphocyte
LIM-foh-SAIT
lymph cell
lymphopenia
LIM-foh-PEE-nee-ah
abnormal deficiency in lymph
splenectopy
splee-NEK-toh-pee
displacement of the spleen, sometimes called floating spleen
splen - spleen
ec - out
top - place
y - condition
spenolysis
splee-NAWL-ih-sis
breakdown (destruction) of spleen tissue
spleno - spleen
lysis - breakdown
splenomalacia
SPLEE-noh-mah-LAY-shee-ah
softening of the spleen
spleno - spleen
malacia - softening
splenomegaly
SPLEE-noh-mah-LAY-shee-ah
enlargement of the spleen
splenoptosis
SPLEE-nawp-TOH-sis
downward displacement (drooping) of the spleen
spleno - spleen
ptosis - drooping condition
thymic hyperplasia
THAI-mik HAI-per-PLAY-zhah
overdevelopment of the thymus
thym - thymus
ic - pertaining to
hyper - over
plasia - formation
hematocrit
hee-MAT-oh-krit
test to judge or separate the blood, it is used to determine the ratio of red blood cells to total blood volume
hemato - blood
crit - judge (separate)
hemoglobin
HEE-moh-GLOH-bin
iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the cells
hemo - blood
globin - globe
hypoperfusion
HAI-poh-per-FYOO-zhun
inadequate flow of blood
hypo - under
per - through
fusion - pour
immunoglobulin
IM-yoo-noh-GLAWB-yoo-lin
protein that provides protection (immunity) against disease
immuno - immune system
globulin - sphere
immunologist
specialist in the study of the immune system
lymphangiogram
lim-FAN-jee-oh-GRAM
record of the study oh lymph vessels
lymph - lymph
angio - vessel
gram - record
lymphangiography
lim-FAN-jee-AWG-rah-fee
procedure to study the lymph vessels
lymph - lymph
angio - vessel
graphy - writing procedure
perfusion
per-FYOO-zhun
circulation of blood through tissue
per - through
fusion - pour
phlebology
fleh-BAWL-oh-jee
study of veins
phlebo - vein
logy - study of
phlebotomist
fleh-BAWT-oh-mist
specialist in drawing blood
phlebo - vein
tom - cut
ist - specialist
phlebotomy
fleh-BAWT-oh-mee
incision into a vein, another name for drawing blood
phlebo - vein
tomy - incision
sphygmomanometer
SFIG-moh-man-AWM-et-er
fancy name for the device used to measure blood pressure
sphygmo - strangle
mano - thin
meter - instrument for measuring
antibody
ANT-ih-BAWD-ee
substance produced by the body in response to an antigen
anti - against
body
antigen
ANT-ih-jen
substance that causes the body to produce antibodies
anti - against
gen - creator
immunology
IM-yoo-NAWL-oh-jee
study of the immune system
immuno - immune system
logy - study
autoimmune disease
AWT-oh-im-YOON
disease caused by the body’s immune system attacking the body’s own healthy tissue
auto - self
immune - immune
coagulopathy
coh-AG-yoo-LAWP-ah-thee
any disease that deals with problems in blood coagulation
coagulo - coagulation
pathy - disease
deep vein thrombosis
formation of a blood clot in a vein deep in the body, most commonly the leg
deep vein clot (thromb) condition (osis)
hemoglobinopathy
HEE-moh-GLOH-bih-NAWP-ah-thee
disease of the hemoglobin
hemo - blood
globino - globe
pathy - disease
hypercoagulability
HAI-per-koh-AG-yoo-lah-BIL-ih-tee
increased ability of the blood to coagulate
hyper - over
coagul - coagulation
ability
immunodeficiency
IM-yoo-noh-deh-FISH-en-see
immune system with decreased or compromised response to disease-causing organisms
immuno - immune
deficiency
immunosuppression
IM-yoo-noh-suh-PRESH-un
reduction in the activity of the body’s immune system
immuno - immune
suppression
ischemia
is-KEE-mee-ah
blockage of blood flow to an organ
isch - hold back
emia - blood condition
phlebarteriectasia
FLEB-ar-TEH-ree-ek-TAY-zhee-ah
dilation of blood vessels
phleb - vein
arteri - artery
ectasia - dilation
spherocytosis
SFEER-oh-sai-TOH-sis
condition in which red blood cells assume a spherical shape
sphero - sphere
cyt - cell
osis - condition
thrombophlebitis
THROM-boh-fleh-BAI-tis
inflammation of vein caused by a clot
thrombo - clot
phleb - vein
itis - inflammation
anemia
ah-NEE-mee-ah
reduced red blood cells
an - no
emia - blood condition
aplastic anemia
ah-PLAS-tik
anemia caused by red blood cells not being formed in sufficient quantities
a - no
plas - formation
tic - pertaining to
hemolytic anemia
HEE-moh-LIT-ik
anemia caused by the destruction of red blood cells
hemo - blood
lytic - breakdown
iron deficiency anemia
anemia caused by inadequate iron intake
bilirubinemia
BIL-ee-roo-bin-EE-mee-ah
presence of bilirubin in the blood
Bilirubin is a substance derived from red blood cells that have completed their life span, secreted by the liver into the digestive tract
hyperbilirubinemia
HAI-per-BIL-ee-roo-bin-EE-mee-ah
excessive bilirubin in the blood
hyper - over
bili - bile
rubin - red
emia - blood condition
hypercholesterolemia
HAI-per-koh-LES-ter-ol-EE-mee-ah
excessive cholesterol in the blood
hyper - over
cholesterol
emia - blood condition
hyperlipidemia
HAI-per-LIP-ih-DEE-mee-ah
excessive fat in the blood
hyper - over
lipid - fat
emia - blood condition
hypervolemia
HAI-per-voh-LEE-mee-ah
increase blood volume
hyper - over
vol - volume
emia - blood condition
hypervolemia
HAI-poh-vol-EE-mee-ah
decrease blood volume
hyper - under
vol - volume
emia - blood condition
septicemia
SEP-tih-SEE-mee-ah
presence of disease-causing microorganisms in the blood
septic - rotting
emia - blood condition
uremia
yoo-REE-mee-ah
presence of urine in the blood
ur - urine
emia - blood condition
hepatospenitis
HEP-ah-toh-SPLEEN-ai-tis
inflammation of the liver and spleen
hepato - liver
splen - spleen
itis - inflammation
hypersplenism
HAI-per-SPLEN-izm
increased spleen activity
hyper - over
splen - spleen
ism - condition
lymphadenitis
inflammation of a lymph gland (node)
lymph - lymph
aden - gland
itis - inflammation
lymphangiectasia
lim-FAN-jee-ek-TAY-zhee-ah
dilation of a lymph vessel, normally noticed by swelling in the extremities
lymph - lymph
angi - vessel
ectasia - dilation
lymphangitis
LIM-FAN-JAIT-is
inflammation of lymph vessels
lymph
ang - vessel
itis - inflammation
mononucleosis
MAWN-oh-NOO-klee-OH-sis
condition characterized by an abnormally large number of mononuclear leukocytes
mono - one
nucle - nucleus
osis - condition
myelodysplasia
MAI-el-oh-dis-PLAY-zhee-ah
disease characterized by poor production of blood cells by the bone marrow
myelo - bone marrow
dys - bad
plas - formation
ia - condition
osteomyelitis
AWS-tee-oh-MAI-eh-LAI-tis
inflammation of bone and bone marrow
osteo - bone
myel - bone marrow
itis - inflammation
splenitis
splee-NAI-tis
inflammation of the spleen
splenopathy
splee-NAWP-ah-thee
any disease of the spleen
splenorrhexis
SPLEE-noh-REK-sis
rupture of the spleen
spleno - spleen
rrexis - rupture
thymopathy
thai-MAWP-ah-thee
disease of the thymus
thymo - thymus
pathy - disease
tonsillitis
TON-sil-AI-tis
inflammation of a tonsil
leukemia
loo-KEE-mee-ah
cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by the abnormal in white blood cells
leuk - white
emia - blood condition
lymphoma
lim-FOM-mah
tumor originating in lymphocytes
lymph
oma - tumor
myeloma
mai-eh-LOH-mah
cancerous tumor of the bone marrow, when the tumors are present in several bones, it is called multiple myeloma
myel - bone marrow
oma - tumor
thymoma
thai-MOH-mah
tumor of the thymus
thym - thymus
oma - tumor
immunocompromised
having an immune system incapable of responding normally and completely to a pathogen or disease
anticoagulant
ANT-ih-coh-AG-yoo-lant
drug that prevents the coagulation of blood
anti - against
coagul - coagulation
ant - agent
hemostatic
HEE-moh-STAT-ik
drug that stops the flow of blood
hemo - blood
static - standing
thrombolytic
THROM-boh-LIT-ik
drug that breaks down blood clots
thrombo - clot
lytic - breakdown agent
laparosplenectomy
LAP-ar-oh-spleen-EK-toh-mee
surgical removal of the spleen through the abdomen
laparo - abdomen
splen - spleen
ectomy - removal
lymphadenoectomy
lim-FAD-en-EK-toh-mee
surgical removal of a lymph gland (node)
lymph
aden - gland
ectomy - removal
lymphadenotomy
lim-FAD-eh-NAWT-oh-mee
incision into a lymph gland (node)
lymph
adeno - gland
tomy - incision
nephrosplenopexy
NEF-roh-SPLEE-noh-PEK-see
surgical fixation of the spleen and kidney
nephro - kidney
spleno - spleen
pexy - fixation
splenectomy
SPLEE-NEK-toh-mee
surgical removal of the spleen
splen - spleen
ectomy - removal
thymectomy
thai-MEK-toh-mee
surigical removal of the thymus
tonsillectomy
TON-sil-EK-toh-mee
surgical removal of a tonsil
apheresis
AH-feh-REE-sis
general term for a process, similar to dialysis, that draws out a patient’s blood, removes something from it, then returns the rest of the blood to the patient’s body
also: process to remove unwanted disease-causing components from the blood
cytapheresis
SAIT-ah-fer-REE-sis
apheresis to remove cellular material
cyt - cell
apheresis - separation
plasmapheresis
PLAZ-mah-fer-EE-sis
apheresis to remove plasma
plasm - plasma
apheresis - separation
plateletpheresis
PLAYT-let-fer-EE-sis
apheresis to remove platelets (for the purpose of donating them to patients in need of platelets)
transfusion
tranz-FYOO-zhun
infusion into a patient of blood from another source
trans - across
fusion - pour
AIDS
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
ALL
acute lymphoblastic leukemia
AML
acute myeloid leukemia
BMT
bone marrow transplant
CBC
complete blood count
CML
chronic myeloid leukemia
DIC
disseminated intravascular coagulopathy
EBV
Epstein-Barr virus
ESR
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Hct
hematocrit
Hgb
hemoglobin
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
HSM
hepatosplenomegaly
HUS
hemolytic uremic syndrome
INR
international normalized ratio
ITP
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
IV
intravenous
IVIG
intravenous immunoglobin
LAD
lymphadenopathy
NCAT
no cervical adenopathy or tenderness
PLT
platelet count
PT
prothrombin time
PTT
partial thromboplastin time
RBC
red blood count, red blood cell
TTP
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
WBC
white blood count, white blood cell
