Chapter 10: The Respiratory System Flashcards
adenoid
adenoid/o
“resembling a gland”
tonsil
tonsill/o
nose
nas/o, rhin/o
larnyx (voice box)
laryng/o
pharynx (throat)
pharyng/o
pathway used by both food and air
trachea (windpipe)
trache/o
nostrils
nares
turbinates
tube-shaped cartilage inside the nose
septum (plural: septa)
sept/o
sinus
sin/o, sinus/o
air or lungs
pneum/o, pneumat/o, pneumon/o
lungs
pulmon/o
lobe
lob/o
bronchus
bronch/o, bronchi/o
the main branches from the trachea into each lung
bronchiole
bronchiol/o
“little bronchus” - smaller subdivision of the bronchial tubes
alveolus (air sac)
alveol/o
sternum (breastbone)
stern/o
rib
cost/o
chest
thorac/o, pector/o, steth/o
pleura
pleur/o
membrane surrounding the lungs
diaphragm
phren/o
oxygen
ox/o
breathing
spir/o, -pnea
perspire
to breathe through
conspire
to breathe together
expire
to breathe out
carbon dioxide
capn/o, carb/o
apnea
AP-nee-ah
cessation of breathing
a - not
pnea - breathing
eupnea
YOOP-nee-ah
good/normal breathing
eu - good
pnea - breathing
tachypnea
TAK-ip-NEE-ah
rapid breathing
tachy - fast
pnea - breathing
bradypnea
BRAD-ip-NEE-ah
slow breathing
brady - slow
pnea - breathing
hypopnea
hai-POP-nee-ah
shallow breathing
hypo - under
pnea - breathing
hyperpnea
hai-PERP-nee-ah
heavy breathing
hyper - over
pnea - breathing
dyspnea
disp-NEE-ah
difficulty breathing
dys - bad
pnea - breathing
orthopnea
OR-THOP-nee-ah
able to breathe only in an upright position
ortho - straight
pnea - breathing
hyperventilation
HAI-per-VENT-ih-LAY-shun
over-breathing; the condition of having too much air flowing into and out of the lungs; leads to hypocapnia
hyper - over
ventil - breathing
ation - process
hypoventilation
HAI-po-ih-LAY-shun
under-breathing; the condition of having too little air flow into and out of the lungs; leads to hypercapnia
hypo - under
ventil - breathing
ation - process
dysphonia
dis-FOH-nee-ah
bad voice condition (horseness)
dys - bad
phonia - sound/voice
epistaxis
EP-ih-STAK-sis
nosebleed
rhinorrhagia
RAI-noh-RAY-jee-ah
excessive blood flow from the nose (another term for nosebleed)
rhino - nose
rrhagia - excessive bleeding
rhinorrhea
RAI-noh-REE-ah
runny nose
rhino - nose
rrhea - discharge
bronchospasm
BRONG-koh-spazm
involuntary contraction of the bronchus
broncho - bronchus
spasm - involuntary contraction
phrenospasm
FREN-oh-spazm
involuntary contraction of the diaphragm (hiccups)
phreno - diaphragm
spasm - involuntary contraction
pleuralgia
ploo-RAL-jee-ah
pain in the pleura
pleur - pleura
algia - pain
pleurodynia
PLOO-roh-DIN-ee-ah
pain in the pleura
pleuro - pleura
dynia - pain
thoracalgia
THOH-rak-AL-jee-ah
chest pain
thorac - chest
algia - pain
bronchorrhea
brong-koh-REE-ah
discharge from the bronchi
broncho - bronchus
rrhea - discharge
expectoration
ek-SPEK-toh-RAY-shun
coughing or spitting material out of the lungs
ex - out
pector - chest
ation - process
hemoptysis
hee-MAWP-tih-sis
coughing up blood
hemo - blood
ptysis - cough
sputum
SPYUT-um
mucus discharged from the lungs by coughing - spit
auscultation
AWS-kul-TAY-shun
health care professional using a stethoscope to listen to patient’s chest
cyanosis
SAI-ah-NOH-sis
bluish color in the skin caused by insufficient oxygen
cyan - blue
osis - condition
pectoriloquy
PEK-toh-RIL-oh-kwee
speaking from the chest; used as a means of finding masses in the lung; health care professional listening to patient’s chest asks the patient to whisper a word; the word wil lbe audible in areas where fluid or mass is present
pectus carinatum
PEK-tus car-ee-NAH-tum
a chest that protrudes like the keel of a ship
pectus excavatum
PEK-tus eks-cuh-VAH-tum
a chest that is hollowed out
percussion
per-KUSH-un
striking the body surface (to cause vibrations that can help location fluid buildup in the best)
retraction
rih-TRAK-shun
the sucking in of the skin around bones during inhalaiton, happens when someone is in respiratory distress
re - back
trac - drag
tion - process
atelectasis
AT-el-EK-tah-sis
incomplete expansion
a - not
tel - complete
ectasis - expansion
bronchiectasis
bron-key-EK-ta-sis
expansion of the bronchi
bronchi - bronchus
ectasis - expansion
caseous necrosis
KAY-see-us ne-KROH-sis
the death of tissue with a cheese-like appearance
chylothorax
KAI-loh-THOH-raks
chyle in the best (milky bodily fluid formed in the small intestine during digestion of fatty foods and carried through the body via lymph nodes)
empyema
EM-PAI-EE-mah
pus inside the chest
em - in
py - pus
ema - condition
hemothorax
HEE-moh-THOR-aks
blood in the chest
hemo - blood
thorax - chest
phrenoplegia
FREN-oh-PLEE-jah
paralysis of the diaphragm
phreno - diaphragm
plegia - paralysis
phrenoptosis
FREN-awp-TOH-sis
drooping of the diaphragm
phreno - diaphragm
ptosis - drooping conditon
pleural effusion
PLUR-al
fluid pouring out into the pleura
pneumohemothorax
NOO-moh-HEEM-oh-THOH-raks
air and blood in the chest
pneumo - air
hemo - blood
thorax - chest
pneumothorax
NOO-moh-THOR-aks
air in the chest
pneumo - air
thorax - chest
pulmonary edema
swelling in the lungs
pyothorax
PAI-oh-THOH-raks
pus in the chest
pyo - pus
thorax - chest
tracheostenosis
TRAY-kee-oh-sten-OH-sis
narrowing of the trachea
tracheo - trachea
stenosis - narrowing
hypercapnia
HAI-per-KAP-nee-ah
excessive carbon dioxide
hyper - over
capn - carbon dioxide
ia - condition
hypercarbia
HAI-per-KAR-bee-ah
excessive carbon dioxide
hyper - over
carb - carbon dioxide
ia - condition
hypocapnia
HAI-po-KAP-nee-ah
insufficient carbon dioxide
hypo - under
capn - carbon dioxide
ia - condition
hypocarbia
HAI-po-KAR-bee-ah
insufficient carbon dioxide
hypo - under
carb - carbon dioxide
ia - condition
hypoxemia
HAIP-OK-SEE-mee-ah
insufficient oxygen in the blood
hypo - under
ox - oxygen
emia - blood condition
hypoxia
HAI-POKS-see-ah
insufficient oxygen
hypo - under
ox - oxygen
ia - condition
computed tomography
an imaging procedure using a computer to cut
pulmonary angiography
an imaging procedure for recording pulmonary blood vessel actvity
ventilation-perfusion scan (VQ scan)
scan that tests whether a problem in the lungs is caused by airflow (ventilation) or blood flow (perfusion)
bronchoscopy
bron-KOS-koh-pee
procedure to look inside the bronchi
capnography
KAP-NAWG-rah-fee
procedure to record carbon dioxide levels
capnometer
instrument to measure carbon dioxide levels
endoscope
EN-doh-SKOHP
instrument to look inside
nasopharyngscope
NAY-zoh-fa-RING-go-scohp
an instrument to look at the nose and throat
oximetry
ok-SIM-eh-tree
procedure to measure oxygen levels
polysomnography
PAWL-ee-som-NAWG-rah-fee
recording multiple aspects of sleep
pulmonary function testing (PFT)
group of tests used to evaluate the condition and operation of the lungs
spirometry
spih-ROM-eh-tree
procedure to measure breathing
thoracoscopy
THOH-rah-KOS-koh-pee
examination of the chest
laryngitis
LAR-in-JAIT-is
inflammation of the larynx
laryng - larynx
itis - inflammation
laryngotracheobronchitis
lah-RING-goh-TRAY-kee-oh-brong-KAI-tis
inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi
laryngo - larynx
tracheo - trachea
bronch - bronchus
itis - inflammation
rhinitis
rai-NAI-tis
inflammation of the nasal passages
rhin - nose
itis - inflammation
sinusitis
sai-nus-AI-tis
inflammation of the sinus
sinus
itis - inflammation
pansinusitis
PAN-sai-nus-AI-tis
inflammation of all sinuses
pan - all
sinus
itis - inflammation
sleep apnea
AP-nee-ah
a condition where the patient ceases to breathe while asleep
a - not
pnea - breathing
tonsillitis
ton-sil-AI-tis
inflammation of the tonsils
tonsill - tonsil
itis - inflammation
tracheitis
TRAY-kee-AI-tis
inflammation of the trachea
trache - trachea
itis - inflammation
tracheomalacia
TRAY-kee-oh-ma-LAY-shee-ah
softening of the trachea
tracheo - trachea
malacia - softening
asthma
AZ-ma
a disease causing episodic narrowing and inflammation of the airway
bronchiolitis
BRONG-kee-yo-LAIT-is
inflammation of a bronchiole
bronchiol - bronchiole
itis - inflammation
bronchitis
brong-KAIT-is
inflammation of the bronchi
bronch - bronchus
itis - inflammation
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
a group of lung diseases characterized by the continual blockage of lung passages
cystic fibrosis
disease causing thick mucous buildup in the lungs and pancreas, named after the changes it causes to the lungs
diaphragmatocele
DAI-a-frag-MAT-o-seel
hernia of the diaphragm
diaphragmato - diaphragm
cele - hernia
emphysema
EM-fi-ZEE-ma
disease that causes the alveoli to lose elasticity; emphysema patients can inhale but have difficulty exhaling
obstructive lung disorder
a lung disorder caused by a blockage
pleuritis
ploo-RAI-tis
inflammation of the pleura
pleurisy
PLOO-ris-ee
another word for pleuritis
pleur - pleura
isy - inflammation
pneumatocele
noo-MAT-oh-seel
hernia of the lung
pneumato - lung
cele - hernia
pneumoconiosis
NOO-moh-KOH-nee-oh-sis
a lung condition caused by dust
pneumon - lung
ia - condition
pneumonitis
NOO-moh-NAIT-is
inflammation of the lung
pulmonary embolism
blockage in the pulmonary blood supply
pulmonary neoplasm
NEE-oh-plazm
new growth (tumor) in the lung
restrictive lung disorder
lung disorder caused by the limiting of air into the lungs
bronchiogenic carcinoma
BRONG-kee-oh
a cancerous tumor originating in the bronchi
mesothelioma
ME-oh-thee-lee-OH-mah
a cancerous tumor of the mesothelial cells lining the lungs
antitussive
ANT-ih-TUSS-iv
drug that prevents coughing
bronchodilator
BRONG-koh-DAI-lay-tor
drug that expands the walls of the bronchi
expectorant
ek-SPEK-toh-rant
drug that encourages the expulsion of material from the lungs
mucolytic
MYOO-koh-LIT-ik
drug that aids in the breakdown of mucus
nebulizer
NEB-yoo-LAI-zer
machine that administers respiratory medication by creating a cloud or mist that is inhaled by the patient
adenoidectomy
AD-eh-NOY-DEK-toh-mee
removal of the adenoids
intubate
to insert a breathing tube from the mouth down into the trachea, to provide breathing support
laryngectomy
LAR-in-JEK-toh-mee
removal of the larynx
laryngoplasty
lar-IN-goh-plas-tee
reconstruction of the larynx
palatoplasty
PAL-at-oh-PLAS-tee
reconstruction of a palate
septoplasty
SEP-toh-PLAS-tee
reconstruction of a septum
tonsillectomy
removal of the tonsils
tracheostomy
TRAY-kee-AWS-toh-mee
creation of an opening in the trachea
tracheotomy
TRAY-kee-AWT-oh-mee
incision into the trachea
endotracheal intubation
insertion of a tube inside the trahea
bronchoplasty
BRONG-koh-PLAS-tee
reconstruction of a ronchus
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
method of artificially maintaining blood flow and airflow when breathing and pulse have stopped
lobectomy
loh-BEK-toh-mee
removal of a lobe
pleuropexy
PLOO-roh-PEK-see
reattachment of the pleura
pneumonectomy
NOO-moh-NEK-toh-mee
removal of a lung
thoracentesis
THOH-rah-sin-TEE-sis
puncture of the chest
thoracocentesis
THO-rah-koh–sin-TEE-sis
puncture of the chest
thoracoplasty
thoh-RAK-oh-PLAS-tee
reconstruction of the chest
thoracostomy
THOR-ah-KAWS-toh-mee
creation of an opening in the chest
thoracotomy
THOH-rak-AWT-oh-mee
incision into the chest
ABG
arterial blood gas
analysis of the gases in the blood; used to determine the effectiveness of the lungs in exchanging gases
occasionally they use capillary blood from a finger stick, at which point it’s known as a capillary blood gas (CBG)
ARDS
acute respiratory distress syndrome
Bx
biopsy
CF
cystic fibrosis
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CPAP
continuous positive airway pressure
a treatment for apnea involving keeping a patient’s airway open using air pressure delivered via a face mask
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
CT
computed tomography
CTA
clear to auscultation
CXR
chest x-ray
DOE
dyspnea on exertion
ETT
endotracheal tube
LRTI
lower respiratory tract infection
LTB
laryngotracheobronchitis
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
OSA
obstructive sleep apnea
PE
pulmonary embolism
PET
positron emissioin tomography
PFT
pulmonary function test
PSG
polysomnography
SOB
shortness of breath
TB
tuberculosis
T&A
tonsillectomy & adenoidectomy
URI/URTI
upper respiratory infection, upper respiratory tract infection
V/Q
ventilation - perfusion scan
