Chapter 9 (Pt. 2) Flashcards
What type of drugs have few effective agents because of similarity in fungal and human cells?
Antifugal Drugs
Are drugs combined to treat superficial mycoses?
Yes
How do you treat superficial mycoses?
topical and oral
What do superficial mycoses disrupt?
membrane permeability
sterol synthesis
mitotic spindle
What mycoses is hard to control and can be fatal?
systemic mycoses
What common drugs are used to treat systemic mycoses?
amphotericin B
5-flucytosine
fluconazole
Why is drug development slow for antiviral drugs?
targeting viral replication is hard
What do current antiviral drugs inhibit?
enzymes and life cycles
What antiviral drugs treat influenza?
Amantidine
Tamiflu
What is the difference between Amantidine and Tamiflu?
Amantidine uncoats influenza virus and Tamiflu inhibits neruaminidase
What antiviral drugs treat herpes?
Acyclovir Adenine arabinoside Valacyclovir Ganciclovir Foscarnet
What does Acyclovir (herpes) and Foscarnet inhibit?
DNA polymerase of virus
What does Adenine arabinoside (herpes) inhibit?
enzymes involved in DNA and RNA synthesis
What are the broad spectrum antiviral drugs?
HPMPC
What does HPMPC inhibit?
DNA polymerase
What are anti-HIV drugs?
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Protease inhibitors
Fusion inhibitors
What do reverse transcriptase inhibitors do?
inhibit RT
What do protease inhibitors do?
mimic peptide bonds
What do fusion inhibitors do?
prevent HIV entry into cells
Are HIV drugs served best as cocktails?
Yes
What does research say about anti protozoan drugs?
mechanism are not precisely known
What influences antimicrobial drugs?
ability of drug to reach the site, susceptibility of pathogen, and ability of drug to reach concentrations higher than the MIC of the pathogen
What are the different ways drugs can reach the site of infection?
oral, topical, and parenteral
What are factors that influence ability of drug to reach concentrations exceeding the MID?
amount administered
route of administration
speed of uptake
rate of clearance from the body
What is an increasing problem in drug resistance?
resistance can be transferred from one population to another
How do you overcome drug resistance?
Appropriate amounts
Give two or more
Use drugs only when necessary
