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BISC 260 > Chapter 34 > Flashcards

Chapter 34 Flashcards

1
Q

The immune system normally discriminates between __________ antigens….

A

A.self and nonself


b. B and T cells

c. humoral and cell-mediated

d. primary and secondary response

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2
Q

T cells attack ….

A

a. host cells that have been parasitized by microorganisms.
b. transplanted tissue cells from one host to another. 

c. cancer cells. 

D. all of the choices

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3
Q

The humoral immune response defends against…

A

a. bacteria. 

b. bacterial toxins. 

c. viruses. 

D. all of the choices

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4
Q

T cells produce and secrete factors which do not directly interact with invading microorganisms but which augment the body’s defense mechanisms. These molecules are called
….

A

a.antibodies.

B.cytokines.

c.immunogens.

d.augmetins.

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5
Q

(T/F) Most antigens are monovalent.

A

False

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6
Q

(T/F) Each antigen has one antigenic determinant site or epitope.

A

False

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7
Q

(T/F) Penicillin is a good example of a hapten.

A

True

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8
Q

Adaptive immunity refers to the type of specific immunity that ….

A

a. develops after exposure to antigen.
b. can result from transfer of antibodies from one individual to another.

c. can be induced by natural or artificial means. 

D. all of the choices

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9
Q

The transfer of antibodies in breast milkis a good example of ….

A

A. naturally acquired passive immunity. 


b. naturally acquired active immunity. 

c. artificially acquired active immunity. 

d. artificially acquired passive immunity.

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10
Q

A vaccination is a good example of….

A

a.naturally acquired passive immunity.

b.naturally acquired active immunity.

C.artificially acquired active immunity.

d.artificially acquired passive immunity.

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11
Q

Botulinum antitoxin produced in a horse and given to a human suffering from botulism food poisoning is an example of….

A

a.naturally acquired passive immunity.

b.naturally acquired active immunity.

c.artificially acquired active immunity.

D.artificially acquired passive immunity.

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12
Q

When an individual’s immune system comes into contact with an appropriate antigenic stimulus during the course of daily activities, this is called …

A

a. naturally acquired passive immunity.

B. naturally acquired active immunity. 

c. artificially acquired active immunity. 

d. artificially acquired passive immunity.

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13
Q

Antibodies can be produced….

A

a.in vivo by natural infections.

b.in vivo by immunizations.

c.in vitro using hybridomas.

D.all of the choices

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14
Q

Class I and II MHC molecules…

A

A. consists of a complex of two protein chains. 

b. contains alpha-1 and alpha-2 domains that forms an antibody-binding pocket.

c. consists of a complex of two protein chains and contains alpha-1 and alpha-2 domains that forms an antibody-binding pocket. 

d. neither consists of a complex of two protein chains nor contains alpha-1 and alpha-2 domains that forms an antibody-binding pocket.

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15
Q

The major histocompatibility complex directs the production of proteins called…

A

a.class I.

b.class II.

c.class IV.

D.both class I and class II.

e.both class I and class IV.

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16
Q

Class II major histocompatibility complex molecules are found on all of the following types of cells except …

A

A. T cells. 


b. B cells. 

c. macrophages. 

d. dendritic cells.

17
Q

Class I major histocompatibility complex molecules are found on ____________ cells….

A

A. all nucleated

b. antigen-presenting 

c. all anucleated

d. none of the choices

18
Q

Which of the following mediates inflammation by producing certain specific cytokines?….

A

a. macrophages 

B. TH1 cells 

c. TH2 cells 

d. cytotoxic T cells

19
Q

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes are distinguished from other lymphocytes by the presence of…

A

A. CD8. 


b. CD4. 

c. CD19. 

d. all of the choices

20
Q

Which type(s) of antigen-presenting cell can activate T cells?….

A

a. macrophages

b. B cells 

c. dendritic cells

D. all of the choices

21
Q

When a presented antigen fragment interacts with the T cell receptor of a helper T cell, the co-receptor that must also participate to finalize recognition is ….

A

A. CD4.

b. CD8. 

c. MHC I. 

d. all of these.

22
Q

Superantigens cause 
….

A

a. specific activation of phagocytic cells.
B. stimulation of T cells to overproduce cytokines.

c. specific activation of phagocytic cells and stimulation of T cells to overproduce cytokines.

d. none of the choices

23
Q

Superantigens exert their damaging effects by….

A

a. forming harmful antibody aggregates. 

B. causing the massive and non-specific release of cytokines by T cells. 

c. killing large numbers of phagocytic cells. 

d. all of the choices

24
Q

Cytotoxic T cells destroy target cells by….

A

a.direct killing mediated by activated oxygen species.

b.the perforin pathway.

c.the CD95 pathway.

d.both direct killing mediated by activated oxygen species and the perforin pathway.

E.both the perforin pathway and the CD95 pathway.

25
Q

In humans, the antigen-presenting cells include all of the following except…..

A

A. eosinophils. 


b. dendritic cells. 

c. macrophages. 

d. B cells.

26
Q

The T cell receptor is comprised of
….

A

A.alpha and beta protein chains.


b. a delta protein chain.

c. a gamma protein chain.

d. all of the choices

27
Q

(T/F) T-cell receptors can only recognize antigens on the surfaces of antigen-presenting cells; they cannot bind free antigen.


A

True

28
Q

(T/F) T cells are so named because they mature in the thyroid.

A

False

29
Q

The humoral immune response differs from the cell-mediated immune response in that only in the humoral immune response is there ….

A

A. secretion of antibody. 


b. a precommitted lymphocyte. 

c. a clonal selection mechanism. 

d. the development of memory cells.

30
Q

Molecules that stimulate T cells to proliferate nonspecifically, causing the release of massive quantities of cytokines, which, in turn, can lead to tissue damage are called __________.


A

Superantigens

31
Q

(T/F) Most known superantigens are glycolipids.


A

False

32
Q

One plasma cell can synthesize more than __________ antibody molecules per hour…..

A

a.10,000

b.100,000

c.1,000,000

D.10,000,000

33
Q

The specific regions within the variable region of an antibody that are responsible for antibody diversity and antigen specificity are called __________ regions.
…

A

Hypervariable

34
Q

In an antibody molecule, each loop of approximately 60 amino acids is called a __________. ….

A

Domain

BISC 260 (16 decks)

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