Chapter 9 Key Terms Flashcards
SPE pg.237
Abbasid Caliphate
Descendants of the Prophet Muhammad’s uncle, al-Abbas, the Abbasids overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate and ruled an Islamic empire from their capital in Baghdad (founded 762) from 750 to 1258
this was very significant because they won and overthrew the Umayyads it started a long history, even up to this day, of battles hatred and tension between those to “parties”–> had a huge affect on PERSIAN views, relations and poltics
PER pg.235
caliphate
Office established in succession to the Prophet Muhammad, to rule the Islamic empire; also the name of that empire. (See also Abbasid Caliphate; Sokoto Caliphate; Umayyad Caliphate.)
significant because this type of organization that was established had a huge affect on the PERSIAN views/ relations of the history of the world
RP pg.244
hadith
A tradition relating the words or deeds of the Prophet Muhammad; next to the Quran, the most important basis for Islamic law
significant because these words based many PERSIAN views for many years in the future–> especially in the law
RPSEI pg.234
Islam
Religion expounded by the Prophet Muhammad (570-632 C.E.) on the basis of his reception of divine revelations, which were collected after his death into the Quran. In the tradition of Judaism and Christianity, and sharing much of their lore, Islam calls on all people to recognize one creator god—Allah—who rewards or punishes believers after death according to how they led their lives. (See also hadith.)
significant because many religious traditions were started there/ significant events that have affected many people in the future place there (Caliphates)—>center of PERSIAN traditions
PSR pg.238
Mamluks
Under the Islamic system of military slavery, Turkic military slaves who formed an important part of the armed forces of the Abbasid Caliphate of the ninth and tenth centuries. Mamluks eventually founded their own state, ruling Egypt and Syria (1250-1517).
significant military organization that had a huge impact of the Abbasids. without them there could have been a very different outcome in the fights between the shit’es and sunnis
RPES pg.233
Mecca
City in western Arabia; birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, and ritual center of the Islamic religion
very significant because it was a center of PERSIAN ideas and views. also many huge religious events that have shaped history have happened there
RPSE pg.235
Medina
City in western Arabia to which the Prophet Muhammad and his followers emigrated in 622 to escape persecution in Mecca
very significant because the PERSIAN views of the civilians at Medina helped shaped the future of people and the power they had throughout society–> shaped the history
RPIS pg.234
Muhammad (570-632 C.E.)
Arab prophet; founder of religion of Islam
very signifcant because he started the religion Islam–>this made a huge impact of the history of the world and has changed many PERSIAN things
RSP pg.234
Muslim
An adherent of the Islamic religion; a person who “submits” (in Arabic, Islam means “submission”) to the will of God
very significant because it’s a very powerful and influential religion that has changed many PERSIAN views
RISP pg.235
Quran
Book composed of divine revelations made to the Prophet Muhammad between ca. 610 and his death in 632; the sacred text of the religion of Islam
this religious text has had the same amount of influence on people as the Bible has on many people–> b/c of this it has changed many people’s PERSIAN views and people have changed their point of many things. its as significant and important as the bible to Muslims
PRE pg.230
Sasanid Empire
Iranian empire, established ca. 224, with a capital in Ctesiphon, Mesopotamia. The Sasanid emperors established Zoroastrianism as the state religion. Islamic Arab armies overthrew the empire ca. 651
a very significant empire and because of their choices they have made has impacted future generations and PERSIAN views
RPSE pg.236
Shi’ites
Muslims belonging to the branch of Islam believing that God vests leadership of the community in a descendant of Muhammad’s son-in-law Ali. Shi’ism is the state religion of Iran. (See also Sunnis.)
very significant group because of the existence this group along with the Sunnis it has changed the alliances, lives the way people room and the hatred of different people. has had a huge impact on the PERSIAN views and ideals of the Middle East and the world
RPSE pg.236
Sunnis
Muslims belonging to branch of Islam believing that the community should select its own leadership. The majority religion in most Islamic countries. (See also Shi’ites.)
very significant group because of the existence this group along with the Sunnis it has changed the alliances, lives the way people room and the hatred of different people. has had a huge impact on the PERSIAN views and ideals of the Middle East and the world
RIP pg.241
ulama
Muslim religious scholars. From the ninth century onward, the primary interpreters of Islamic law and the social core of Muslim urban societies
has had a huge impact on the law and how these different societies run–>without there religious views or Muslim ways PERSIAN life may very different in the places they have power
RP pg.236
Umayyad Caliphate
First hereditary dynasty of Muslim caliphs (661 to 750). From their capital at Damascus, the Umayyads ruled an empire that extended from Spain to India. Overthrown by the Abbasid Caliphate
very significant dynasty because this branch decided many of the important and life changing experiences that has occurred in muslim history. because their views changed PERSIAN ways of life and has made a huge war with the Abbasid Caliphate
