Chapter 10 Key Terms Flashcards
PERI p.256
Byzantine Empire
Historians’ name for the eastern portion of the Roman Empire from the fourth century onward, taken from “Byzantion,” an early name for Constantinople, the Byzantine capital city. The empire fell to the Ottomans in 1453. (See also Ottoman Empire.)
Significant Empire because many PERSIAN ideas and views came from that period. One of the most influential and significant cities, Constantinople, was very influential city in history
PSI p.255
Charlemagne (742-814)
King of the Franks (r. 768-814); emperor (r. 800-814). Through a series of military conquests he established the Carolingian Empire, which encompassed all of Gaul and parts of Germany and Italy. Though illiterate himself, he sponsored a brief intellectual revival.
Significant because he was very influential in PERSIAN ideas and views. Very important king who through different military conquests established an important empire which covered great territories and influenced many parts of the world. Because he sponsored intellectual PERSIAN things it brought up the intelligence of his empire
ISPER p.276
Crusades (1095-1204)
Armed pilgrimages to the Holy Land by Christians determined to recover Jerusalem from Muslim rule. The Crusades brought an end to western Europe’s centuries of intellectual and cultural isolation.
The crusades were very significant because they brought a wave of PERSIAN ideas and revelations to Europe, who at the time was very retarded at the time. It also woke the Europeans up to a figure out a new techniques etc. by viewing the different technologies the people bad the learned about many new things
PSE p.264
fief
In medieval Europe, land granted in return for a sworn oath to provide specified military service.
Significant because it was a different way to rule and have a kingdom. This type of way of distributing land showed that they a certain type of PERSIAN thinking. The fiefs also made people become more self-sufficient–> this made people become more restarted because they stopped trading and being exposed to new ideas
ISP p.274
horse collar
Harnessing method that increased the efficiency of horses by shifting the point of traction from the animal’s neck to the shoulders; its adoption favors the spread of horse-drawn plows and vehicles.
Significant because it helped control the horses making the use of them better and more efficient. What this did was allow for people to be able to manipulate horses better than they did before. They by being able to ride better it could allow them to trade easier
RPES p.268
investiture controversy
Dispute between the popes and the Holy Roman Emperors over who held ultimate authority over bishops in imperial lands.
Was very signicant because the lands that the pope had it was like his own private kingdom. All the taxes and anything people did it was under and part of it would go towards the Pope not towards the king. This made kings mad because there territory was smaller and they got less revenue. This made the church more wealthier
PE p.256
Kievan Russia
State established at Kiev in Ukraine ca. 882 by Scandinavian adventurers asserting authority over a mostly Slavic farming population.
significant because this type of authority started a new PERSIAN ideas and things came out of this place. and because most of their authority was over farming land which shows what type of leadership they had
SPE p.262
manor
In medieval Europe, a large, self-sufficient landholding consisting of the lord’s residence (manor house), outbuildings, peasant village, and surrounding land.
very significant because the people who lived in the manors during medieval period they were in-charge of ruling their land they own. these were the people that in-forced the laws the made europe a self sufficient which ended up being for the worse. so this type of power that the manor had was significant because without it much history could have been different
PERSIA p.255
medieval
Literally “middle age,” a term that historians of Europe use for the period ca. 500 to ca. 1500, signifying its intermediate point between Greco-Roman antiquity and the Renaissance.
a significant time period where the intelligence and the way they presented their buildings changed a lot. PERSIAN views wee drastically different during this time period than they were in other time periods. This had a very significant impact on the history following the medieval time period
RISP p.269
monasticism
Living in a religious community apart from secular society and adhering to a rule stipulating chastity, obedience, and poverty. It was a prominent element of medieval Christianity and Buddhism. Monasteries were the primary centers of learning and literacy in medieval Europe.
these were very significant because during the medieval period they were one of the last standing places that people were intelligent, wrote things down etc. it was how we know much of our information about the medieval Europe. it’s how PERSIAN ideas were kept alive. it was also used as a tool for many people if they wanted to escape their lives–>could turn to monasticism
RPSI p.265
papacy
The central administration of the Roman Catholic Church, of which the pope is the head.
significant because that is where most of the PERSIAN ideas sprout from the church. it also significant to the churches ruling
RSIP p.277
pilgrimage
Journey to a sacred shrine by Christians seeking to show their piety, fulfill vows, or gain absolution for sins. Other religions also have pilgrimage traditions, such as the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca and the pilgrimages made by early Chinese Buddhists to India in search of sacred Buddhist writings.
significant because this is how many of the religions became dominate, spread and how they became more enriched and significant in people’s hearts. they also show ones devotion to the religion–> a way PERSIAN views and beliefs were spread
RPS p.256
schism
A formal split within a religious community. See Great Western Schism.
very significant because they divide up a religious community which divides peoples relationships and tests peoples faith because they have to choose what church they are truly devoted too. these types of schisms can also divide up an entire empire and change the politics of them
SEPI p.262
serf
In medieval Europe, an agricultural laborer legally bound to a lord’s property and obligated to perform set services for the lord. In Russia some serfs worked as artisans and in factories; serfdom was not abolished there until 1861.
very significant because these people who worked the fields and were bounded to a certain place made up the majority of the community—> this means that they had the biggest PERSIAN ideas and views running through it–> and because of this they wee very self efficient os this means that they didn’t have a good view of the rest of the world–> and they were very illiterate too
PES p.264
vassal
In medieval Europe, a sworn supporter of a king or lord committed to rendering specified military service to that king or lord.
significant because they are the people who protected the community without them things would have been much more different
