Chapter 6 Key Terms

Question 1

IASE pg.161
aqueduct

Answer 1

elevated ground that uses gravity to carry water from a source to a location, usually to a city

significant because it was a very clever way to obtain water from far away sources

also allowed for more cities and towns to emerge because they could be nearly anywhere now that they could bring carry water–>also a new PERSIAN thought

Question 2

PESI pg.155
Augustus (63 B.C.E.-14 C.E.)

Answer 2

original was Octavian, founder of the Roman Principate, the military dictatorship that replaced the failing rule of the Roman Senate, and between 31 b.c.e. and 14 c.e. he laid the groundwork for several centuries of stability and prosperity

significant because he was such a strong leader, conqueror and thinker that he could develop the ideas that would be the foundation for many future empires

he’s an example of man in high power with great PERSIAN ideas

Question 3

PE pg.171
Chang’an

Answer 3

Capital city in the Wei Valley in eastern China during the Qin and early Han Empires
had followed the cities and towns that sprang up throughout the Han Empire.

significant because it was a very strong capital city in eastern asia and many PERSIAN ideas emerge from there

Question 4

PERS pg.164
Constantine (306-337 C.E.)

Answer 4

Roman emperor (r. 312-337), united the Roman Empire, and he moved the capital to Constantinople and made Christianity the “official” religion

significant because his ideas and thoughts had a large PERSIAN effect on the Roman Empire

if it wasn’t for him christianity wouldn’t have spread and become as popular as it is today

Question 5

PES pg.155
equites

Answer 5

In ancient Italy, landowners who were second in wealth and status to the senatorial aristocracy.

were allied with the Roman emperors to counterbalance the influence of the old aristocracy

emperors used the equites to staff the imperial civil service

significant because they had a big part in the emperors ruling because they were used and in someways worked for the government too

Question 6

PS pg.167
Gaozu

Answer 6

The throne name of Liu Bang, a rebel leader who brought down the Qin and founded the Han dynasty in 202 B.C.E.

significant because he started a very important and influential dynasty and from this dynasty many PERSIAN thoughts and ideas came out

Question 7

PES pg.171
gentry

Answer 7

In China the class of prosperous families, next in wealth below the rural aristocrats

emperors drew their administrative personnel

Respected for their education and expertise these officials became a privileged group and made the government more efficient and responsive than in the past

the class of landholding families in England below the aristocracy

significant because of their place in society–>this allowed them to make and be allowed in many jobs that they wouldn’t have been allowed otherwise
–also had a creative, different way of ruling and viewing different things

spread/ ruled with PERSIAN ideas throughout empire

Question 8

PERSIA pg.165
Han

Answer 8

the ethnic Chinese people who originated in the Yellow River Valley and spread throughout regions of China suitable for agriculture

the dynasty of emperors who ruled from 202 B.C.E. to 220 C.E

significant because it was a time of agricultural growth throughout china and was a very important dynasty filled with many PERSIAN views/ ideas

Question 9

RSPI pg.160
Jesus (ca. 5 B.C.E.-34 C.E.)

Answer 9

Jew from northern Israel who sought to reform Jewish beliefs and practices

He was executed as a revolutionary by the Romans for those ideas

viewed as the Messiah and son of God by his followers

he became the central figure in Christianity
started a belief system that developed in the centuries after his death.

very significant because he started the revolution of Christianity and because of his existence, it got the movement of converting people faster and had very influential PERSIAN views

Question 10

SPE pg.151
patron/client relationship

Answer 10

in ancient Rome, a social relationship where the patron—a wealthy and powerful individual—provided legal and economic protection and assistance to clients, men of lesser status and means

in return the clients supported the political careers and economic interests of their patron

this was significant because it was a new PERSIAN way of having a friendship with “benefits” in which they both gained wealth and benefits in their careers

was also the blending of different social statuses

Question 11

RSIP pg.160
Paul (ca. 5-65 C.E.)

Answer 11

A Jew from the Greek city of Tarsus in Anatolia, he initially persecuted the followers of Jesus but, after receiving a revelation on the road to Syrian Damascus, became a Christian

traveled throughout Syria-Palestine, Anatolia, and Greece, preaching the new religion and establishing churches.
–easiest to persuade were the pagans (“gentiles”)

he began the process by which Christianity separated from Judaism

very significant man because other than jesus one of the main people that really got Christianity started

he helped make it popular and found the easiest people to persuade into following their belifs

Question 12

PSER pg.159
pax romana

Answer 12

“Roman peace,” it connoted the stability and prosperity that Roman rule

brought to the lands of the Roman Empire in the first two centuries C.E.

movement of people and trade goods along Roman roads and safe sea–>spread different cultural practices, technologies, and religious ideas

significant because it was a way to keep peace throughout rome in an easy and efficient way, was a new PERSIAN way to control

Question 13

PESIR pg.165
Qin

Answer 13

people and state in the Wei Valley of eastern China that conquered rival states and created the first Chinese empire (221-206 B.C.E.)

Qin ruler, Shi Huangdi, standardized many features of Chinese society and ruthlessly marshaled subjects for military and construction projects, engendering hostility that led to the fall of his dynasty shortly after his death

Qin framework was largely taken over by the succeeding Han Empire.

very significant because was one of the most influential dynasties where many important thing came about during this time too

along with this many PERSIAN philosophies arouse

Question 14

SP pg.155
Roman Principate

Answer 14

A term used to characterize Roman government in the first three centuries C.E.,

based on the ambiguous title princeps (first citizen) adopted by Augustus to conceal his military dictatorship

significant because based many things on the way Augustus ruled his empire which meant a new PERSIAN way of ruling an empire

it was an important and new type of Roman government that was used for a long time

Question 15

PES pg.150
Roman Republic

Answer 15

The period from 507 to 31 B.C.E., during which Rome was largely governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate

significant because the republic were the main government at this time and it was a new PERSIAN centralized government that hadn’t been seen before

Question 16

PESIR pg.150
Roman Senate

Answer 16

A council whose members were the heads of wealthy, landowning families. Originally advisory body to the early kings, in the era of the Roman Republic the Senate effectively governed the Roman state and the growing empire

Under Senate leadership, Rome conquered an empire of unprecedented extent in the lands surrounding the Mediterranean Sea.

In the first century B.C.E. quarrels among powerful and ambitious senators and failure to address social and economic problems led to civil wars and the emergence of the rule of the emperors.

Roman Senate was a different way of administrating PERSIAN power which made it very powerful and productive.

was also significant because it helped acquire lots of land and it was a different way of ruling

Question 17

SPA pg.159
Romanization

Answer 17

process by which the Latin language and Roman culture became dominant in the western provinces during the Roman Empire

provinces often chose to Romanize because of the political and economic advantages that it brought, as well as the allure of Roman success

romanization very significant because it allowed for the roman culture to spread–>if this never happened then the empire wouldn’t have spread as fast nor would it have been so successful

also made people more dedicated/ committed to the Romans

Question 18

PE pg.165
Shi Huangdi

Answer 18

Founder of the short-lived Qin dynasty and creator of the Chinese Empire (r. 221-210 B.C.E.)

remembered for his ruthless conquests of rival states, standardization of practices, and forcible organization of labor for military and engineering tasks

Significant because he was a powerful ruler and conquered many different states. as well as this he started many different practices that were later continued into later dynasties

Question 19

IAPER pg.169
Sima Qian

Answer 19

Chief astrologer for the Han dynasty emperor Wu

He composed a monumental history of China from its legendary origins to his own time and is regarded as the Chinese “father of history.”

very significant because he is the father of history in china

without him we wouldn’t know many important events and other things without his histories, help share many PERSIAN ideas

Question 20

PESRIA pg.163
Third-Century Crisis

Answer 20

Historians’ term for the political, military, and economic turmoil that beset the Roman Empire during much of the third century C.E.: frequent changes of ruler, civil wars, barbarian invasions, decline of urban centers, and near-destruction of long-distance commerce and the monetary economy.

After 284 C.E. Diocletian restored order by making fundamental changes

significant because it changed many of the fundamental parts of Chinese society, especially PERSIAN ones

was a very important part/time in setting up what was to come in later years

Question 21

PERSIA pg.166
Xiongnu

Answer 21

A confederation of nomadic peoples living beyond the northwest frontier of ancient China

Chinese rulers tried defense strategies to ward off these “barbarians,” as they called them, and finally succeeded in dispersing the Xiongnu in the first century C.E.

very significant because they tested the Chinese’s military opposition which made them stronger and in the end more powerful

they also learned/ stole lots of their tactics and strageties, which they could later use for their own purposes