Chapter 12 Key Terms

Question 1

PES pg.314
altepetl

Answer 1

An ethnic state in ancient Mesoamerica, the common political building block of that region

many different significant PERSIAN ideas and thoughts came from this time period–> because it was a political building block of religion it affected the way religion was transmitted throughout the state

Question 2

PES pg.319
Anasazi

Answer 2

Important culture of what is now the southwest United States (1000-1300 C.E.). Centered on Chaco Canyon in New Mexico and Mesa Verde in Colorado, the Anasazi culture built multistory residences and worshiped in subterranean buildings called kivas.

This is an important culture in southern USA because of the way it was positioned a laid out it had a significant impact on the surrounding area

Question 3

PS pg.314
ayllu

Answer 3

Andean lineage group or kin-based community

important because it was a different way of leading their lives compared to

Question 4

PESI pg.315
Aztecs

Answer 4

Also known as Mexica, the Aztecs created a powerful empire in central Mexico (1325-1521 C.E.). They forced defeated peoples to provide goods and labor as a tax.

significant because they were a very influencal group in Mexico where many new technologies came from there and they had a new way of living their lives

Question 5

PES pg.315
calpolli

Answer 5

A group of up to a hundred families that served as a social building block of an altepetl in ancient Mesoamerica.

significant group of peoples living in Mexico who influenced their surrounding villages with their way of life and how they formulated their community

Question 6

SP pg.320
chiefdom

Answer 6

Form of political organization with rule by a hereditary leader who held power over a collection of villages and towns. Less powerful than kingdoms and empires, chiefdoms were based on gift giving and commercial links.

significant because it only allowed a certain type of ruler to rule their community–> this created a certain type of “biased” rule of their area–>this created a certain type of communtiy

Question 7

S pg.310
chinampas

Answer 7

Raised fields constructed along lake shores in Mesoamerica to increase agricultural yields.

these fields were significant because they helped with the agriculture part of society–> this extended the communities will to live and how they functioned

Question 8

PES pg.326
Inca

Answer 8

Largest and most powerful Andean empire. Controlled the Pacific coast of South America from Ecuador to Chile from its capital of Cuzco.

significant because they controlled a large amount of the pacific ocean–> this made them recieve many different PERSIAN ideas because they were connected with so many different places

Question 9

IPES pg.310
Maya

Answer 9

Mesoamerican civilization concentrated in Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula and in Guatemala and Honduras but never unified into a single empire. Major contributions were in mathematics, astronomy, and development of the calendar.

significant because they created some of most influential technology advances, manly the calender, that effected everyone including the people of today. and because they controlled such a different place then we have studied it made their PERSIAN views change

Question 10

SRP pg.322
mit’a

Answer 10

Andean labor system based on shared obligations to help kinsmen and work on behalf of the ruler and religious organizations.

significant because it affected the ways the food was transported and produced–> created a bigger social division throughout society

Question 11

ISPRE pg.323
Moche

Answer 11

Civilization of north coast of Peru (200-700 C.E.). An important Andean civilization that built extensive irrigation networks as well as impressive urban centers dominated by brick temples.

significant because they created an interesting way of society with very different technologies–> showed their PERSIAN ways

Question 12

PES pg.315
Tenochtitlan

Answer 12

Capital of the Aztec Empire, located on an island in Lake Texcoco. Its population was about 125,000 on the eve of Spanish conquest. Mexico City was constructed on its ruins.

significant because it was the first place the Spanish struct when they arrived–> this affected the Aztec community/ empire. many very influential ideas were produced in this capital

Question 13

PES pg.308
Teotihuacan

Answer 13

A powerful city-state in central Mexico (100 B.C.E.-750 C.E.). Its population was about 150,000 at its peak in 600.

significant because it had many very influential ideas were produced in this capital

Question 14

PES pg.324
Tiwanaku

Answer 14

Name of capital city and empire centered on the region near Lake Titicaca in modern Bolivia (375-1000 C.E.)

significant because it had many very influential ideas were produced in this capital

Question 15

PES pg.314
Toltecs

Answer 15

Powerful postclassic empire in central Mexico (900-1168 C.E.). It influenced much of Mesoamerica. Aztecs claimed ties to this earlier civilization.

significant because it was an influncial empire that affected the different surrounding communities

Question 16

SIPE pg.317
tribute system

Answer 16

A system in which defeated peoples were forced to pay a tax in the form of goods and labor. This forced transfer of food, cloth, and other goods subsidized the development of large cities. An important component of the Aztec and Inca economies.

significant because it affected the way different food and other relating items were distributed throughout the kingdom–> changed the way certain communities ran/ functioned

Question 17

PES pg.324
Wari

Answer 17

Andean civilization culturally linked to Tiwanaku, perhaps beginning as a colony of Tiwanaku.

significant because it was link to pervious civilizations and communities–> shows the different ways the cultures were spread