Chapter 19 Key Terms Flashcards
SPE 512
seasoning
An often difficult period of adjustment to new climates, disease environments, and work routines, such as that experienced by slaves newly arrived in the Americas
significant because 1/3 on average died from unfamiliar diseases
SEP 514
manumission
A grant of legal freedom to an individual slave
significant because it was more common in Brazil, Spanish and French then England and it lead to the development to a large black population in colonies
SPE 515
marroon
A slave who ran away from his or her master. Often a member of a community of runaway slaves in the West Indies and South America
significant because they sighned a treaty that recognized their independence/ for their coorperation in stopping runaways and suspending slave revolts
EPS 515
capatilism
The economic system of large financial institutions —banks, stock exchanges, investment companies—that first developed in early modern Europe. Commercial capitalism, the trading system of the early modern economy, is often distinguished from industrial capitalism, the system based on machine production
sighnficant because it allowed fr europeans to reduce their risk while still gaining profits while seeking profits with colonial products and satisifying the colonial demand for europan products
EPS 505
Atlantic Circuit
The network of trade routes connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas that underlay the Atlantic system
significant because big profit, supplemented by a number of other trade routes, increased demand for sugar
PSE 524
Bornu
A powerful West African kingdom at the southern edge of the Sahara in the Central Sudan, which was important in trans-Saharan trade and in the spread of Islam. Also known as Kanem-Bornu, it endured from the ninth century to the end of the nineteenth
significant because shows aspects of trans saharan contacts and imported alot of guns, captured people from war and sold them as slaves for firearms and horses= increased military power
ESP 524
Hausa
An agricultural and trading people of central Sudan in West Africa. Aside from their brief incorporation into the Songhai Empire, the Hausa city-states remained autonomous until the Sokoto Caliphate conquered them in the early nineteenth century
significant because attracted caravans bringing textiles, hardware and weapons across the sahara—> distributed them along their trading networks and these goods are what was commanded from the Atlantic trade
EPS 506
chartered companies
Groups of private investors who paid an annual fee to France and England in exchange for a monopoly over trade to the West Indies colonies
Significant because developed controlled costs and exchanged for monopoly control and annual fees–> provided travels for he indentured servants
S 510
driver
A privileged male slave whose job was to ensure that a slave gang did its work on a plantation
significant because slowed down the slaves completed the work even though they had been working in the fields from sun rise to sunset like they were suppose too–> reduced the amount of slaves that needed to beaten for not finishing their work
SP 506
Dutch West India Company (1621-1794)
Trading company chartered by the Dutch government to conduct its merchants’ trade in the Americas and Africa
significant because it was very powerful who captured the spanish treasure fleet and windfall to finance an assault against brazil’s blamable sugar procedures , controlled much of Brazil’s’s sugar region and improved the efficiency of the sugar industry
PES 516
mercantilism
European government policies of the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries designed to promote overseas trade between a country and its colonies and accumulate precious metals by requiring colonies to trade only with their motherland country. The British system was defined by the Navigation Acts, the French system by laws known as the Exclusive
significant because monopolized the profits produced in the colonial empires by controlling trade and accumulating capital and encouraged and was apart of capitalism
PE 510
plantocracy
In the West Indian colonies, the rich men who owned most of the slaves and most of the land, especially in the eighteenth century
significant because they were in-charge of the power
PE 516
Royal African Company (RAC)
A trading company chartered by the English government in 1672 to conduct its merchants’ trade on the Atlantic coast of Africa
significant because promoted overseas trade and colonization
PE 523
Songhai
A people, language, kingdom, and empire in western Sudan in West Africa. At its height in the sixteenth century, the Muslim Songhai Empire stretched from the Atlantic to the land of the Hausa and was a major player in the trans-Saharan trade
significant because challenged the status then when they pushed its frontier into the sahara from then south, drew wealth from trans-saharhan trade
