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Bio > Chapter 9 Joints > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Joints Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Joint (articulation)

A

Any point where two bones meet

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2
Q

Arthrology

A

Science of joint structure, function and dysfunction

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3
Q

Kinesiology

A

The study of musculoskeletal movement

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4
Q

Bony joint

A

An immobile joint formed when the gap between two bones ossifies, and the bones become a single bone

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5
Q

Bony joint examples

A

-left and right mandibular bones in infants
-cranial sutures in elderly
-attachment of first rib sternum with old age

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6
Q

Fibrous joint

A

Adjacent bones bound by collagen fibers that emerge from one bone and penetrate into the other

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7
Q

3 types of fibrous joints

A

-sutures
-gomphoses
-sydnesmoses

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8
Q

Sutures

A

Immobile or slightly mobile fibrous joints in which shirt collagen fibers bind the bones of the skull to each other

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9
Q

Serrate suture

A

Interlocking wavy lines
-coronal, sagittal, lambdoid sutures

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10
Q

Lap (squamous) sutures

A

Overlapping beveled edges
-temporal and parietal bones

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11
Q

Plane (butt) suture

A

Straight non-overlapping edges
-palatine processes of the maxillae

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12
Q

Gomphoses

A

Fibrous joint
Attachment of a tooth to its socket
-collagen fibers attached tooth to jaw bone
-allows tooth to move a little under the stress of chewing

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13
Q

Syndesmosis

A

Fibrous joint at which two bones are bound by long collagen fibers
-mobile ex) membrane joining radius to ulna
-non mobile ex) joint between tibia and fibula

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14
Q

Cartilaginous joint or amphiarthrosis

A

Two bones linked by cartilage

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15
Q

Two types of cartilaginous joints

A

Synchondroses
Symphyses

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16
Q

Synchondrosis

A

Bones joined together by hyaline cartilage
Ex) temporary joints in Epiphyseal plates in children, first fib attachment to sternum

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17
Q

Symphyses

A

Two bones joined by fibrocartilage
Ex) pubic symphysis joins right and left pubic bones with interpubic disk

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18
Q

Synovial joint or diarthrosis

A

Joint in which two bones are separated by a joint cavity

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19
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the facing surfaces of two bones
-unusually 2-3mm thick

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20
Q

Joint cavity

A

Separates Articular surfaces

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21
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Slippery lubricant in joint cavity
-feels like raw egg whites
-nourishes Articular cartilage and removes waste
-makes movement of synovial joint almost friction free

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22
Q

Joint capsule

A

Connective tissue that encloses the cavity and retains fluid

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23
Q

Outer fibrous capsule

A

Continuous with periosteum of adjoining bones

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24
Q

Inner cellular synovial membrane

A

Composed mainly of fibroblast like cells that secrete synovial fluid and macrophages that remove debris from the joint cavity

25
Q

What does a Articular disc form?

A

Forms a pad between articulating bones that crosses the entire joint capsule
Ex) temporomandibular joint

26
Q

Meniscus

A

Moon shaped cartilage in knee
-in each knee menisci extend inwards from the left and right

27
Q

What do synovial joints that contains fibrocartilage growing inwards from joint capsule do?

A

-absorb shock and pressure
-guide bones across each other and improve their fit together
-stabilize joints

28
Q

Tendon

A

Strip of collagenous tissue attaching muscle to bone

29
Q

Ligament

A

Strip of collagenous tissue attaching one bone to another

30
Q

Bursa

A

Fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid
-located between muscles, where tendons pass over bone or between bone and skin
^cushions muscles, helps tendons slide more easily over joints

31
Q

Tendon sheath

A

Elongated cylindrical bursa wrapped around a tendon
-in hand and foot

32
Q

What does exercise do for joints?

A

-Exercise warms synovial fluid
-squeezes fluid and metabolic waste out of cartilage
-synovial fluid is more likely to be absorbed by cartilage taking in oxygen and nutrients

33
Q

Range of motion (ROM)

A

The degrees through which a joint can move

34
Q

Ball and socket joints

A

-smooth, hemispherical, head fits within cup like socket
-only multiracial joints
Ex) shoulder, hip

35
Q

Condylar joints

A

-oval convex surface of one bone fits into a complementary shaped depression on the other
-biaxial joints
Ex) radiocarpal, metacarpophalangeal joints

36
Q

Saddle joints

A

-both bones have an articular surface that is shaped like a saddle
-biaxial joints
Ex) sternoclavicular joint

37
Q

Pivot joints

A

-a bone spins on its longitudinal axis
-monoaxial joints
Ex) atlantoaxial joint (C1+C2), radio ulnar joint at the elbow

38
Q

Plane joints

A

-flat articular surfaces, bones slide over each other
-usually biaxial
Ex) between carpal bones of wrist, between tarsal bones of ankle

39
Q

Hinge joints

A

-one bone with convex surface fits into a concave depression of another bone
-monoaxial joints
Ex) elbow, knee, toes, joints within fingers

40
Q

Tibiofemoral

A

Knee joint

41
Q

Patellofemoral

A

Gliding joint

42
Q

How is the knee stabilized?

A

-quadriceps tendon in front
-tendon of semimembranous muscle on rear on thigh
-lateral meniscus and medial meniscus

43
Q

How many bursae’s are in the knee joint

A

At least 13

44
Q

Temporomandibular joint syndrome

A

-clicking in jaw
-pain from jaw to neck to shoulders and back
-can cause headaches, vertigo, ringing in ear
Caused by: misalignment of teeth
Treatment: aligning teeth, drugs, physical therapy

45
Q

Sprain

A

Forcible twisting of joint, stretches or tears its ligaments

46
Q

Strain

A

Stretched or partially torn muscle
Less serious then sprain

47
Q

Dislocation

A

Displacement of bone from joint resulting tearing of ligaments, tendons, and articular capsules

48
Q

Subluxation

A

Incomplete dislocation

49
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of bursa

50
Q

Bunion

A

Bursitis+ ossification on toe

51
Q

Adhesions

A

Fibrous bands between bone surfaces

52
Q

Spurs

A

Excess bone tissue along joint edges

53
Q

Arthritis

A

Pain and inflammation or joints

54
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Most common form of arthritis
-results from years of joint wear
- articular cartilage softens and degenerates
-cracking sounds (crepitus)

55
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

Autoimmune attack against joint tissues
-misguided anti bodies attack synovial membrane,
-joint ossifies

56
Q

Ankylosis

A

Solidly fused immobilized joint

57
Q

Arthroplasty

A

Replacement of diseased joint with artificial device prosthesis

58
Q

Gout

A

-excessive build up of uric acid in the blood
-can be temperature dependent

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