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Bio > Chapter 2 The Chemistry Of Life > Flashcards

Chapter 2 The Chemistry Of Life Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has a mass and occupies space

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2
Q

Element

A

Simplest form of matter to have unique chemical properties

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3
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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4
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

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5
Q

Radiation

A

Bursts of energy that are emitted from the nucleus of radioactive isotopes

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6
Q

Molecules

A

Specific groupings of atoms that are stable

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7
Q

Chemical reaction

A

The process of sharing electrons

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8
Q

Chemical bond

A

The sharing of electrons

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9
Q

Valence shell

A

Outside shell

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10
Q

Ionic bond

A

Transferring electrons

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11
Q

Covalent bond

A

Sharing electrons

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12
Q

Ion

A

Electrically charged because it has an unequal number of protons and electrons

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13
Q

Cation

A

Positively charged ion

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14
Q

Anion

A

Negatively charged ion

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15
Q

Nonpolar covalent bond

A

When two atoms share the electrons equally

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16
Q

Polar covalent bond

A

When atoms share electrons unequally

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17
Q

Polar

A

Hydrophilic
(Water loving)

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18
Q

Non-polar

A

Hydrophobic

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19
Q

Salts

A

Substances that dissociate into anions and cations

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20
Q

Acidic

A

PH <7

21
Q

Neutral

A

PH=7

22
Q

Basic

A

PH>7

23
Q

Polymer

A

Made up of monomers

24
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Hydrophilic organic molecules

25
Q

Disaccharides

A

Sugars made up of two covalently bonded monosaccharides

26
Q

Sucrose

A

Glucose + fructose

27
Q

Lactose

A

Glucose + galactose

28
Q

Maltose

A

Glucose + glucose

29
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Long chain of monosaccharides

30
Q

Glycogen

A

Energy storage in cells of liver, muscle, brain, uterus, vagina

31
Q

Starch

A

Energy storage in plants digestible by humans

32
Q

Cellulose

A

Structural molecule in plants that is important for human dietary fiber

33
Q

Lipids

A

Hydrophobic organic molecules with high ratio of hydrogen to oxygen

34
Q

Five primary types of lipids in the human body

A

Fatty acids
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Eicosanoids
Steroids

35
Q

Trans-fatty acids

A

Two covalent single C-C bonds angle in opposite on each side of the C=C double bond,
Resist enzymatic breakdown in the human body

36
Q

Cis-fatty acids

A

Two covalent single C-C bonds angle in the same direction adjacent to the C=C double bond

37
Q

Primary function of triglycerides

A

Energy storage

38
Q

Phospholipids

A

Structural foundation of cell membrane

39
Q

Eicosanoids

A

Hormone like chemical signals between cells
-> helps with positive feedback

40
Q

Steroid

A

Lipid with 17 carbon atoms in four rings

41
Q

Cholesterol

A

The parent steroid from which other steroids are synthesized,
Important for nervous system function and structural integrity of all cell membranes

42
Q

Proteins

A

Polymers of amino acids

43
Q

ATP

A

adenosine triphosphate is the energy currency of all living things,
-temporarily stores energy in its bonds and transfers that energy to reactions that need it

44
Q

DNA

A

Gene coding, double helix, made up of A-T and C-G

45
Q

RNA

A

single nucleotide chain, important for protein synthesis

46
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

Removal of a water molecule to join monomers together to make a polymer

47
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Water molecule being added to break monomers apart

48
Q

Enzymes

A

Speed up rate of a chemical reaction without changing the reaction

Bio (12 decks)

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