Chapter 2 The Chemistry Of Life

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that has a mass and occupies space

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

Simplest form of matter to have unique chemical properties

Question 3

Atomic number

Answer 3

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 4

Isotopes

Answer 4

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Question 5

Radiation

Answer 5

Bursts of energy that are emitted from the nucleus of radioactive isotopes

Question 6

Molecules

Answer 6

Specific groupings of atoms that are stable

Question 7

Chemical reaction

Answer 7

The process of sharing electrons

Question 8

Chemical bond

Answer 8

The sharing of electrons

Question 9

Valence shell

Answer 9

Outside shell

Question 10

Ionic bond

Answer 10

Transferring electrons

Question 11

Covalent bond

Answer 11

Sharing electrons

Question 12

Ion

Answer 12

Electrically charged because it has an unequal number of protons and electrons

Question 13

Cation

Answer 13

Positively charged ion

Question 14

Anion

Answer 14

Negatively charged ion

Question 15

Nonpolar covalent bond

Answer 15

When two atoms share the electrons equally

Question 16

Polar covalent bond

Answer 16

When atoms share electrons unequally

Question 17

Polar

Answer 17

Hydrophilic
(Water loving)

Question 18

Non-polar

Answer 18

Hydrophobic

Question 19

Salts

Answer 19

Substances that dissociate into anions and cations

Question 20

Acidic

Answer 20

PH <7

Question 21

Neutral

Answer 21

PH=7

Question 22

Basic

Answer 22

PH>7

Question 23

Polymer

Answer 23

Made up of monomers

Question 24

Carbohydrates

Answer 24

Hydrophilic organic molecules

Question 25

Disaccharides

Answer 25

Sugars made up of two covalently bonded monosaccharides

Question 26

Sucrose

Answer 26

Glucose + fructose

Question 27

Lactose

Answer 27

Glucose + galactose

Question 28

Maltose

Answer 28

Glucose + glucose

Question 29

Polysaccharides

Answer 29

Long chain of monosaccharides

Question 30

Glycogen

Answer 30

Energy storage in cells of liver, muscle, brain, uterus, vagina

Question 31

Starch

Answer 31

Energy storage in plants digestible by humans

Question 32

Cellulose

Answer 32

Structural molecule in plants that is important for human dietary fiber

Question 33

Lipids

Answer 33

Hydrophobic organic molecules with high ratio of hydrogen to oxygen

Question 34

Five primary types of lipids in the human body

Answer 34

Fatty acids Triglycerides Phospholipids Eicosanoids Steroids

Question 35

Trans-fatty acids

Answer 35

Two covalent single C-C bonds angle in opposite on each side of the C=C double bond, Resist enzymatic breakdown in the human body

Question 36

Cis-fatty acids

Answer 36

Two covalent single C-C bonds angle in the same direction adjacent to the C=C double bond

Question 37

Primary function of triglycerides

Answer 37

Energy storage

Question 38

Phospholipids

Answer 38

Structural foundation of cell membrane

Question 39

Eicosanoids

Answer 39

Hormone like chemical signals between cells -> helps with positive feedback

Question 40

Steroid

Answer 40

Lipid with 17 carbon atoms in four rings

Question 41

Cholesterol

Answer 41

The parent steroid from which other steroids are synthesized, Important for nervous system function and structural integrity of all cell membranes

Question 42

Proteins

Answer 42

Polymers of amino acids

Question 43

ATP

Answer 43

adenosine triphosphate is the energy currency of all living things, -temporarily stores energy in its bonds and transfers that energy to reactions that need it

Question 44

DNA

Answer 44

Gene coding, double helix, made up of A-T and C-G

Question 45

RNA

Answer 45

single nucleotide chain, important for protein synthesis

Question 46

Dehydration synthesis

Answer 46

Removal of a water molecule to join monomers together to make a polymer

Question 47

Hydrolysis

Answer 47

Water molecule being added to break monomers apart

Question 48

Enzymes

Answer 48

Speed up rate of a chemical reaction without changing the reaction